awn murai absorption chiller applications

Absorption Chiller Applications and Efficiency

October 20071

CONTENTS

Egypt Experience with Absorption Chillers (Dr. Awn)

KAWASAKI Absorption Chiller (Eng. Murai)

October 20072

PRESENTATION OF KTEPRESENTATION OF KTEABSORPTION CHILLERABSORPTION CHILLER

October, 2007Kawasaki Thermal Eng.Co.,Ltd.

Rolling Stock & Construction Machinery

Consumer Products & MachineryAerospace Gas Turbine &

Machinery

Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation

Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co., Ltd.

Products of Kawasaki

Egypt Japan

Continuous Efforts for Higher COPCOP(Coefficient of Performance) = Cooling Capacity ／LHV Heat Input

World First

year

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

CO

P

1968

1976

1983

1992

2000

2005

Double-Effect D.F.C.


COP: 0.83COP: 0.83


“J Series”


“J Series”

COP: 1.04COP: 1.04


“L Series”


“L Series”

COP: 1.19COP: 1.19


“SigmaChil Series”


“SigmaChil Series”

COP: 1.22COP: 1.22

World top class energy efficiency Double-Effect

D.F.C. “Sigma Ace Series”

World top class energy efficiencyDouble-Effect

D.F.C. “Sigma Ace Series”

COP: 1.42COP: 1.42

Triple-EffectD.F.C.

Triple-EffectD.F.C.

COP: 1.78COP: 1.78

Double-EffectS.F.C. 1964

World First

1959

World First

Single-EffectS.F.C.

S.F.C.=Stem Fired ChillerD.F.C.=Direct Fired Chiller

Japan First

★

PRINCIPLE OF ERECTRIC CHILLERS AND ABSORPTION CHILLERS

ERECTRIC ABSORPTION

Condenser

Evaporator

Compressor

Chilled Water

Cooling Water Electric

Motor

Generator

Gas or Oil or Steam etc…

Absorber(LiBr)

Cooling Water

Solution Pump

Condenser

Evaporator

High PressureVacuum290 kPa 0.87 kPa

Qi2

12℃

7℃

Q01

32℃

37℃

HFC-134a

1000kPa

Q01 37℃

Qi2

12℃

7℃

32℃

Qi1

Q01

Qi1

COP = Qi1

Qi2 = Heat InputCooling Capacity

Chilled Water

8kPa

Sigma AceAce Cycle of Cooling Double Generator(Low & High Temp.)

Refrigerant/Absorber ○ Water/LiBr × Freon/-----

Cooling ○ ○

Heating ○ ×

Fuel

Running Cost

Operating Pressure

Performance at Partial Load ◎ ×

Vacuum condition(0.87kPa)

High pressure(3,00kPa)

Absorption Electric

Depending on The Energy Cost of The Country

Natural Gas, Oil, Waste Heat,Steam, Any kind of Heat Electricity

Partial Load COP Curve

Load(%)100%50%0%

Partial Load COP Curve

Load(%)100%50%0%

Absorption Chillers are Suitable for Air-conditioning !

Water

HCFC-22

HCFC-123

HFC-134a HFC-407c HFC-410a

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0 500 1000 1500 2000

地球温暖化係数（GWP）

オゾン層破壊係数

（ODP

）

指定フロン

代替フロン

Ozo

ne-D

eple

ting

Pote

ntial

(O

DP

)

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Specified FreonReplacing Material of Freon

Characteristics of Various Types of Refrigerant

（ＯＤＰ&ＧＷＰ）

HCFC : Hydro Chloro Fluoro Carbon HFC: Hydro Fluoro Carbon

Refrigerant whose ozone Refrigerant whose ozone depleting potential is not depleting potential is not ““ZeroZero”” is regulated not to is regulated not to be produced by 2020.be produced by 2020.

Production of refrigerant Production of refrigerant whose global warming whose global warming potential is 500 will be potential is 500 will be regulated.regulated.

0

50

100

150

200

1972 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02

Project Operator152 Projects

90 Operators

（熱供給ﾌﾟﾗﾝﾄ）

電力・ガス・石油

冷暖房・給湯

煙突冷却塔

排熱・未利用ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ供給熱媒体　冷水・蒸気・温水

受入

地域導管

ﾋｰﾄﾎﾟﾝﾌﾟまたは

ﾎﾞｲﾗ　冷凍機

熱供給ﾌﾟﾗﾝﾄ

設備User

Cooling/Heating

Pipe Line

Cooling/Heating Water, Steam

Plant

Boiler Chiller

Heat Pump

Power, Natural Gas

Oil, Waste Heat

District Cooling Project in Japan

Not use

Absorption

43%Absorption

57%

152 Project Executed

DHC Project in Japan

Egypt Experience with Absorption Chillers (Dr. Awn)

October 200713

• Since the 1950s the electric chillers were widely used in Egypt (Carrier, Trane,…etc)

• Due to the great development and rise of economy in Egypt, hence the increasing demand of electricity, which forced the government to look for another energy substitute, Natural Gas.

• Therefore; absorption chillers were introduced in small scale in 1998, which followed by a great demand in the following years.

Why absorption chiller is used in Egypt

October 200714

Absorption Chillers Market Share in EgyptABSORPTION CHILLERS MARKET SHARE

3 5 8 10 12 15 20 3048

0102030405060

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

YEARS

NU

MB

ER O

F U

NIT

S

October 200715

October 200716

DESCRIPTION UnitA/C Water cooled

Absorption System Natural Gas

A/C Water cooled Conventional

System by electricity

Cooling capacity(Ton Refrigerant) TR 700 700

Chiller Elec. Consumption KW/hr 13 700

Operating system Natural Gas Electricity

Operating hours / year Hour 3000

Natural gas consumption m3/hr 179 0

Total energy cost LE/hr 95.3 193.5

Annual operating Cost LE 327,855 609,900

Total annual running cost LE 362,855 713,900

Saving In Energy Power % 51%

ENERGY COST ANALYSIS

1 US$ = 5.6 LEOctober 2007

17

DESCRIPTION UnitWater cooled

Absorption System Natural Gas

Conventional System by electricity

Cooling capacity TR 700 700Operating system Natural Gas Electricity Utilities tariffs:

a- Natural Gas LE/m3 0.25 0b- Electricity LE/KW 0.3 0.3c- Water LE/m3 1 1

Operating hours / year HourNatural gas consumption m3/hr 179 0Electricity consumption

a-Machine KW/hr 14 700b-Cooling Towers KW/hr 30 25c-Cooling Towers pumps KW/hr 160 125

Total electricity consumption KW/hr 204 850.0Energy cost

a-Natural gas LE/hr 44.8 0b- Diesel LE/hr 0 0c- Electricity LE/hr 61.2 255.0

Total energy cost LE/hr 106.0 255.0Cooling tower water consump m3/hr 1.5 1.2

Water cost LE/hr 1.5 1.2Hourly operating cost LE 107 256Annual operating Cost LE 322,425 768,600Annual maintenance cost including spare parts.

LE 40,000 80,000

Total annual running cost LE 362,425 848,600Major over-haul & replacements ** in 20 years

LE 700,000 920,000

Life cycle cost for 20 years LE 7,948,500 17,892,000Life cycle cost difference when using gas fired Absorption system in 20 years

LE 0 9,943,500

Annual operation cost difference when using gas fired Absorption system

LE 0 497,175

Saving In Electrical Power % 58%

Saving In Annual Operating Cost % 57%

** Major over-haul & replacements For absorption chiller needed every 20 yearsFor electric chiller needed every 10 years

3000

Taking into consideration that calculate only 50% from the Major over-haul and replacements needed for the electrical carrier A/C

Life Cycle Cost Analysis Comparison Between 1 unit 700 TR absorption system Natural Gas & 1 Unit 700TR conventiomal

system by electricity .

LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS

1 US$ = 5.6 LEOctober 2007

18

Gas Chill Gas Chill District District Cooling Cooling

PlantPlant

PHASE I : 40,000 TR

PHASE II : 40,000 TR

TOTAL AREA ESTIMATED : 4,500,000 m2

CAIRO DISTRICT COOLING PROJECT

October 200719

THANK YOU

Gas Chill＆

Kawasaki Thermal Eng. Co. Ltd.

awn murai absorption chiller applications

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