Axial Expansion Joints

Table of contents

General– Axial expansion joints 1– Internal sleeves 2

Design– Determination of the pipe 3

expansion– Anchor point forces 4

Program summary 6

Safety instructions 11

Installation instructions,pipe guides and support 12

Anchors 13

Vibration compensation,movement capacity,operating pressure 14

Pre-stressing,Expansion joint delivered in a pre-stressed state 15

Pre-stressing diagram,example to the diagram 16

Installation of flanged expansion joints,installation of pipes with pressfittings,installation of expansion joints with threaded sockets 17

Installation of BOAdisassembly joints 18

Control,insulation,Unacceptables modes of operation,start-up of the system,maintenance 19

Expansion joint data sheets 20

General

1

Axial expansion joints are suited to compen-sate for axial movements in straight pipelinesections.

Additionally, axial expansion joints are used:

– to dampen mechanical vibrations andreduce sound conducted through solidson pumps and compressors

– as flexible seals at the end of jacketedpipes in district heating systems

– to compensate for thermal movementsand vibrations in flue gas ducts of boilersand engines

– as assembly aids for pumps, fittings andplate heat exchangers

– as gas tight wall penetrations of pipelinesin nuclear power stations and ships

– in boilers and pressure vessels to com-pensate for differential expansion

A precondition for the diverse applicationsof axial expansion joints is the presence ofsuitable anchors and guides/supports.

Axial expansion joints

FP

pump

FP

FP

FP

anchor

anchor

General

2

If high frequency vibrations or turbulenceare expected in the flow media, we recom-mend the installation of expansion jointswith internal sleeves.Sleeves are also recommended for expan-sion joints that are larger than DN 150 mmif the flow velocity of the air or gas exceeds8 m/s or 3 m/s in the case of a liquid flowmedia.

Sleeves

main anchor pipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

main anchor pipe support /guide

main anchor pipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

main anchorpipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

main anchor pipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

main anchorpipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

intermediateanchor

main anchor

pipe support / guide

pipe support / guide

pipe support / guide

pipe support / guide

main anchor pipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

pipe support /guide

pipe support / guide

main anchor

main anchor

Design

3

Based on the routing and length of thepipeline as well as the operating tempera-ture, one has to calculate the thermalexpansion that the individual expansionjoints must compensate for.According to the type of joint, this can beaxial or lateral movements. For a precisecalculation of the expansion, particulary forheat resistant and stainless pipe materials,we recommend the use of the following for-mula:

ΔRo = Calculated pipe expansion (mm)Lo = Length of pipeline between

anchors (m)Δt = Temperature difference (°C)� = Thermal expansion coefficient

Thermal expansion coefficient α Calculation of thermal expansion

ΔRo = Lo · Δt · � [mm]100

Tem

p. re

sist

ant

pipe

mat

eria

ls

Aus

teni

tic m

at.

1.45

41/1

.487

8

Aus

teni

tic m

at.

1.45

71

Fortemperatures

from…to[oC]

–190 to 0 –0.88 –1.42 –1.460 to 100 1.11 1.64 1.680 to 200 1.21 1.71 1.750 to 300 1.29 1.76 1.800 to 400 1.35 1.80 1.840 to 500 1.39 1.83 1.880 to 600 1.43 1.86 1.91

Design

4

The purpose of anchors in pipelines is torestrain the longitudinal forces safely and todirect the thermal expansion to a specificsection of the pipe.

Essential loads that these anchors mustrestrain when untied expansion joints areinstalled are:

1. the pressure thrust FDR

2. the bellows spring force FE

3. the friction forces ∑ FLR

Ref. 1.

The pressure thrust attempts to expand thebellows of an expansion joint. As the pres-sure thrust is normally greater than the bel-lows spring force, no equilibrium can beestablished between both forces before thebellows reaches its expansion limit.

This would cause an excessive elongationof the bellows and its subsequent failure ifno anchors were installed. The pressurethrust is determined by the product of thebellows cross section area and the linepressure.

FDR = 10 · p · AB [N]

Ref. 2.

The bellows spring force describes theopposing force of a bellows to its compres-sion or extension. The specific bellowsspring rates per + or - 1 mm are listed in theexpansion joint data sheets under springrate cax and clat [N/mm].

FE = cax · Δax [N]

Ref. 3.

The friction forces depend on the weight ofthe pipe, flow medium and insulation andthe coefficient of friction in the pipe guides.

Some figures for coefficients of friction µLR:drawn from experience are

for steel on steel 0.15–0.5for steel on PTFE 0.1 –0.25for roller supports 0.03–0.1

FLR = 9.81 · GLR · µLR [N]

The largest portion of the anchor forceresults from the pressure thrust when axialexpansion joints are used.

Axial expansion joints represent an elasticinterruption of the pipeline which releasesthe pressure thrust that has then to berestrained by the pipe anchors (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 1

Anchor forces

FH p

p

p

FH

Intermediate anchors normally separate 2adjacent expansion systems. As the pres-sure thrusts are commonly equal on eachside of an intermediate anchor, it is onlyexposed to the difference in the srpngforces of the expansion joints and frictionforces in the pipe supports.

FZW = FE + FLR [N]

Design

5

Basically, one differentiates between mainanchors and intermediate anchors.

Main anchors are always positioned at thebeginning and the end of a pipeline, atpoints of a change of direction and at pointswhere a pipeline branches. Main anchorsare generally subjected to the full pressurethrust or cumulated thrust (see Fig. 2).

FH = FDR + FE + ∑FLR [N]

AB = bellows cross section area [cm2]

cax = axial spring rate [N/mm]

FDR = pressure thrust [N]

FE = bellows spring force [N]

FLR = friction force [N]

FH = main anchor force [N]

FZW = intermediate anchor force [N]

p = design or test pressure [bar]

Δ = pipe expansion [mm]

GLR = weight of pipeline [kg]

µLR = coefficient of friction in pipe guides [–]

Fig. 2

Note:

If anchors cannot be constructed orbecome too expensive, tied expansionjoints should be utilized.

FH p FZW p FH

Program

6

Axial expansion joints Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with weld endsof carbon steelType 7110 000 (previous: 307/210)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with flanges ofcarbon steelType 7120 000 (previous: 307/211)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with weld ends of carbon steel,with external shroud of carbon steelType 7112 000 (previous: 307/212)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with flanges of carbon steel, withexternal shroud of carbon steelType 7122 000 (previous: 307/213)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 800 to DN 1000Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with weld ends of carbon steel,with external shroud of carbon steel.Suitable for Δax without prestressing.Type 7112 00X (previous: 307/214)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 200 to DN 700Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with weld ends of carbon steel,with external shroud of carbon steel50% prestressedType 7114 00X (previous: 307/214)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Program

7

Axial expansion jointsDN 800 to DN 1000Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with flanges of carbon steel, withexternal shroud of carbon steelSuitable for Δ ax without prestressingType 7122 00X (previous: 307/215)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 200 to DN 700Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with flanges of carbon steel, withexternal shroud of carbon steel50% prestressedType 7124 00X (previous: 307/215)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with weldends of carbon steel with inner sleeve ofcarbon steelType 7111 000 (previous: 307/220)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with flangesof carbon steel with inner sleeve of carbonsteelType 7121 000 (previous: 307/221)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with weld ends of carbon steelwith inner sleeve and external shroud ofcarbon steelType 7119 000 (previous: 307/222)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

Program

8

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with flanges of carbon steel withinner sleeve and external shroud of carbonsteelType 7129 000 (previous: 307/223)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 15 to DN 150 and DN 800 to DN 1000Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with weldends of carbon steel with inner sleeve andexternal shroud of carbon steelsuitable for Δ ax without prestressing.Type 7119 00X (previous: 307/224)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 200 to DN 700Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with weld ends of carbon steelwith inner sleeve and external shroud ofcarbon steel50% prestressedType 7117 00X (previous: 307/224)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 15 to DN 150 and DN 800 to DN 1000Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with flangesof carbon steel with inner sleeve and exter-nal shroud of carbon steelsuitable for Δ ax without prestressing.Type 7129 00X (previous: 307/225)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

DN 200 to DN 700Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4541. Onboth sides with flanges of carbon steel withinner sleeve and external shroud of carbonsteel50% prestressedType 7127 00X (previous: 307/225)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion joints

Program

9

Axial expansion jointsAxial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with weldends of carbon steel with inner sleeve andexternal shroud of carbon steel, with move-ment limitation stops and torque protection,suitable for Δ ax without prestressingType 7918 00S (previous: 307/234)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571 (up toDN 50), or stainless steel 1.4541 (from DN65 and larger). On both sides with flangesof carbon steel with inner sleeve and exter-nal shroud of carbon steel, with movementlimitation stops and torque protection, suitable for Δ ax without prestressing.Type 7928 00S (previous: 307/235)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial steel expansion joint withMapress connecting pieceBellows made of 1.4571, on both sides welded ends, with connecting piece madeof C steel, with guide pipe and protectivetube made of C steel,suitable for Δax. without pre-stressing(pre-stressing not necessary)Type 7179 00X-MSDN …, PN …, Δ ax –…, Bl …

Axial steel expansion joint withMapress connecting pieceBellows made of 1.4571, on both sides welded ends made of 1.471 with connect-ing piece made of 1.4404, with guide pipeand protective tube made of 1.4571 or1.4404,suitable for Δax. without pre-stressing(pre-stressing not necessary)Type 7179 00X-MEDN …, PN …, Δ ax –…, Bl …

Axial steel expansion joint withMapress connecting pieceBellows made of 1.4571, on both sides connecting piece made of 1.4404,Type 7170 00S-MEDN …, PN …, Δ ax ±…, Bl …

Program

10

Sound absorbingexpansion joints

Axial expansion joints

Sound absorbing expansion jointwith bellows and van-stone ends of stain-less steel 1.4571 (up to DN 50), or stainlesssteel 1.4541 (from DN 65 and larger). Onboth sides with loose flanges of carbonsteel, with inner sleeve of wire mesh (up toDN 150)Type 7951 00S (previous: 303/445)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

Sound absorbing expansion jointwith bellows and van-stone ends of stain-less steel 1.4571 (up to DN 50), or stainlesssteel 1.4541 (from DN 65 and larger). Onboth sides with loose flanges of carbonsteel, external tie rod restraints of carbonsteel and with inner sleeve of wire mesh (upto DN 150)For vibration dampening only.Type 7951 DFS (previous: 303/487)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571. Onboth sides with threaded sockets,suitable for Δ ax without prestressing.Type 7160 00S (previous: 307/243)Fitting TI (malleable iron, female thread)

RI (gunmetal, female thread)TA (malleable iron, male thread)RA (gunmetal, male thread)EI (stainless steel, female thread)LF (brazing fitting)

DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows of stainless steel 1.4571. Onboth sides with threaded sockets, withexternal shroud,suitable for Δ ax without prestressingType 7162 00S (previous: 307/245)Fitting TI (malleable iron, female thread)

RI (gunmetal, female thread)TA (malleable iron, male thread)RA (gunmetal, male thread)EI (stainless steel, female thread)LF (brazing fitting)

DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δax . . . . , Bl . . . .

Axial expansion jointwith bellows and van-stone ends of stain-less steel 1.4571 (up to DN 50), or stainlesssteel 1.4541 (from DN 65 and larger). Onboth sides with loose flanges of carbonsteel.Type 7150 000 (previous: 307/241)DN . . . . , PN . . . , Δ ax +/– . . . . , Bl . . . .

● Internal sleeves are also recommended forexpansion joints with DN 150 if the flowvelocity of the air, gas, or steam exceeds8 m/s, or 3 m/s in case of liquid media.

● Installation of expansion joints withthreaded sockets in gas conduits- Due to the threaded fittings, the maxi-

mum permitted excess pressure of theseexpansion joints is only 4 bar when usedin gas conduits.

- Rubber seals must not be lubricated orgreased.

- Oxygen pipelines must not get intocontact with oil or grease. Otherwise,there is danger of explosion!

● Anchors and pipe guides must be firmlyinstalled prior to filling and pressure testingthe system.

● The expansion joint must not be strainedby torsion. This is particularly important forthe installation of expansion joints withthreaded sockets. Excluded from this ruleare the expansion joints types 7918 ... and7928 ... which are equipped with a torsionprotection.

● The steel bellows must be protectedagainst damage and dirt (e.g. weldingchips, plaster or mortar splatter).

● Steam pipelines should be installed in sucha way that water hammers are avoided.This is achieved by means of a sufficientlydesigned drainage, by correct insulation,by avoiding water pockets and by installingthe pipeline with an inclination.

● Expansion joints with internal sleeves mustbe installed with consideration given to theflow direction.

● Avoid the installation of expansion jointsin the immediate proximity of pressurereducers, superheated steam coolers andshut-down valves, if high frequency vibra-tions are to be expected due to turbulence.Otherwise, special precautions must betaken (e.g. heavy-walled sleeves, per-forated disks, etc.).

● If high frequency vibrations or turbulenceor higher flow velocity are to be expectedin the medium, we recommend the in-stallation of expansion joints with internalsleeves.

�

Fig. 3

11

Installation

Safetyinstruction

● Allow inclination for condensate drainage.● Align pipeline and install the pipe guides

acc. to Figs. 4, 5, and 6.NOTEGliding or roller supports are the safest

measures to avoid buckling and lifting of thepipeline.CAUTIONSwing supports or suspensions are notacceptable adjacent to expansion joints!

12

Installation

Installationinstructions

Pipe guidesand support

Fig. 5 (valid only for steel pipelines)

Fig. 4

2

�

L1

= max. 2 . DN + � (mm)

L2

= 0,7 . L3 (mm)

L3

= 400 � DN (mm) valid only for steel pipelines

� = movement capacity of the expansion joint (mm)

L3 is the distance between the pipe supports according to the above formula. If buckling

must be anticipated, the distance L3 must be reduced according to the diagram in Fig. 6.

DN L1 L2 L3

mm mm mm15 30 + Δ/2 1050 155020 40 + Δ/2 1200 175025 50 + Δ/2 1400 200032 64 + Δ/2 1550 225040 80 + Δ/2 1750 250050 100 + Δ/2 1950 280065 130 + Δ/2 2250 320080 160 + Δ/2 2500 3550

100 200 + Δ/2 2800 4000125 250 + Δ/2 3100 4450150 300 + Δ/2 3450 4900

DN L1 L2 L3

mm mm mm200 400 + Δ/2 3950 5650250 500 + Δ/2 4400 6300300 600 + Δ/2 4850 6900350 700 + Δ/2 5200 7450400 800 + Δ/2 5600 8000450 900 + Δ/2 5900 8450500 1000 + Δ/2 6250 8900600 1200 + Δ/2 6850 9800700 1400 + Δ/2 7450 10600800 1600 + Δ/2 7900 11300

● Install main anchors at locations where thepipeline changes its direction.

● Each pipe section that is to be compen-sated for must be reduced in length byanchors.- Only one expansion joint is allowed bet-

ween two anchors.- Main anchors must installed at locations

where the pipeline changes its direction.They must absorb the pressure thrustsof the expansion joints as well as the

frictional forces of the pipe supports /guides.

- Intermediate anchors must be installedif the movement capacity of one axialexpansion joint is not sufficient to com-pensate for the entire expansion of a longpipeline and if several axial expansionjoints are required.

- In the case of vacuum operation, theanchors must be capable of withstandingcompression and tensile forces.

13

Installation

Anchors

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

14

Installation

Vibrationcompensation

Movementcapacity

Operatingpressure

NOTEThe permissible operating pressure is deter-mined by the nominal pressure, taking thereduction factors listed in the “Axial Expan-sion Joints” brochure, section Technical Data,into account.

● At higher temperatures the nominal pres-sure must be reduced in accordance withthe reduction factors.

● The expansion joint should be installed asclosely as possible to the vibrating aggre-gate.

● A pipe anchor should be mounted directlybehind the expansion joint which is to beinstalled without pre-stressing.

CAUTIONIf unrestrained expansion joints are used, thethrust must be taken into account.

NOTEThe maximum permissible extension, whichcan be compensated for, is specified on theexpansion joint. It refers to 1000 fatiguecycles. With higher fatigue cycles, themovement capacity must be reduced by thefatigue cycle factor KL according to the tablein Fig. 10.

Fig. 10

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fatigue cyclesNperm.

Fatigue cycle factorKL

1000200030005000

100003000050000

100000200000

100000025000000

1.000.820.730.630.510.370.320.260.220.140.05

KL = (1000 / Nperm.)0.29

All common expansion joints must be in-stalled pre-stressed by 50 % of their move-ment capacity (for heating systems – overalllength of expansion joint plus 50 %, and forcooling systems – overall length of expansionjoint minus 50 % of the movement).

If an expansion joint is not installed at thelowest operating temperature of a heatingsystem or the highest operating temperatureof a cooling system (e.g. replacement at pipethat is still warm) it must be pre-stressedindividually (see pre-stressing diagram Fig. 13).

15

Installation

Pre-Stressing

Expansion jointsdelivered in a pre-stressedstate

Fig. 11

NOTEThe following axial expansion joints are de-livered already pre-stressed (expanded), seealso Fig. 2.

50 % pre-stressed

7114 00X7124 00X7117 00X7127 00X

Fig. 12

CAUTIONThe anchors of the pipeline must be firmlysecured prior to the removal of the pre-stressing tab.

• Remove the pre-stressing tab (pre-stress-ing lock) after installation and prior tostarting-up of the axial expansion joint.Make sure that- the expansion joint is not damaged;- the bellows does not get into contact with

shavings.

suitable for �����ax without pre-stressing

7112 00X7122 00X7119 00X7129 00X7179 00X - ME7179 00X - MS7170 00S - ME7918 00X7928 00X7160 00S7162 00S

Pre-stressing tab

Fig. 13

An axial expansion joint is utilized to com-pensate for a pipeline measuring 22 m inlength. The lowest temperature is -15 °C. Thehighest temperature is +165 °C. The maxi-mum anticipated thermal movement equals50 mm at the temperature difference of 180 °C.If the expansion joint is installed at the lowesttemperature it shall be pre-stressed (expan-ded) by 50 % of this movement (25 mm).During operation, the expansion joint will thenbe compressed by the thermal movement of50 mm. When the expansion joint is installed,special care should be taken to assure cor-rect pre-stressing. If the temperature at thetime of installation is not -15°C but +20°C,the corresponding thermal movement of thepipeline is 9 mm (see Fig. 13). This amountmust be subtracted from the original pre-stressing value of the expansion joint:

25 - 9 = 16 mmThe pre-stressing diagram Fig.13 allows todetermine the correct pre-stressing value as

follows:1. Temperature difference between installa-

tion temperature and lowest temperature-15°C � +20°C = 35°C

2. Length of pipeline to be compensated for:22 m

3. Draw a straight line from the point “Lengthof pipeline 22 m” to the “0 °C” point.

4. Draw a vertical line from the “35°C” pointtowards the beam coming from “22 m”.

5. Draw a horizontal line from this intersec-tion to the line “Thermal expansion of pipe-line in mm”; the result is, as stated above,9 mm.

6. Draw a straight line from the “9 mm” pointto “Total anticipated movement”, thisequals 50 mm and go further to “Pre-stressing of expansion joint in mm”.

The intersection shows a pre-stressing of 16mm. This is the value by which the axialexpansion joint is to be expanded duringinstallation.16

Installation

Pre-stressingdiagram

Example to thediagram

-

IWK axial expansion joints types 7179 00Xund 7170 00S are suitable for the compen-sation of axial movements in straight pipe-lines and are especially developed for theMapress system. With the connectionelements welded on both sides, fast and pro-

● Align flange bolt holes.- Ensure flanges are parallel.- Tighten bolts crosswise.

● Make sure that the expansion joint is notexposed to torque.

● Ensure that bellows are free of objects thathinder free movement.

● Align flange bolt holes.- Ensure flanges are parallel.- Ensure gaskets are on center.- Tighten bolts crosswise.

● Make sure that the expansion joint is notexposed to torque.

● Ensure that bellows are free of objects thathinder free movement.

Fig. 15

1 bellows: stainless steelmaterial No. 1.4571

2 support ring: stainless steelmaterial-No. 1.4301

3 threaded socket: type T: gunmetaltype R: stainless steeltype E: brazing fittingtype LF: brazing fitting

4 gasket: Klinger C-44005 shroud: type T: carbon steel, galvanized

soft solderedtype R: brass

soft solderedtype E: stainless steeltype L: brass

soft soldered

Fig. 14

per assembly is possible at site.● When expansion joints are installed in

HAVC systems, the installation guide-lines of the Mannesmann-Pressfitting-System company must be observed.

17

Installationof flangedexpansion joints

Installation ofpipes withpressfittings

Installation ofexpansion jointswith threaded sockets

Installation

7160 00S -TI, -RI, -EI, -TA, -RA, -LF 7162 00S -TI, -RI, -EI, -TA, -RA, -LF

1 3 2 4 3 5 3 2 1 4 3

NOTEDepending on the nominal diameter, theinstallation length EL of the disassembly jointmust be max. 20 to 30 mm longer than theunrestrained total length TL

neutral.

● Install fixed points on each side:With unrestrained expansion joints thethrust must be absorbed by the anchors.

Installation● Flange the disassembly joint with one side

to the pipe end (Fig. 18). On the other side,pull the disassembly joint towards thecomponents (valve, shut-off valve, pumpsetc.) either with long bolts (unrestrained)or with the delivered threaded rods (re-strained) (Fig. 19). When installed correctly,the disassembly joint is restraint.

Disassembly● Untie the long bolts or threaded rods. The

disassembly joint swings back, creating agap, which is necessary for comfortableassembly and disassembly of the compo-nents.

Installation ofBOA

disassemblyjoints

18

Installation

TL neutral

Fig. 17

Fig. 18

Fig. 19

Type 7160 00S

Fig. 16

Pipe support / guide

Anchor Anchor

Pipe support / guide

Installation length and 2 gaskets

Type 7162 00S

Pipe support / guide Pipe support / guide

Anchor AnchorInstallation length and 2 gaskets

Before starting-up, make sure that:- the pipeline is installed with an inclination

to avoid water pockets;- there is sufficient drainage;- pipe anchors and pipe supports/guides are

completely installed prior to filling andpressure testing the system;

- the expansion joint is not exposed to torque(with the exception of types 7918 ... and7928 ... which are equipped with a torqueprotection). This is especially important forthe expansion joints with threaded sockets.

CAUTION● During pressure testing and operation, the

permissible test pressure or operatingpressure for the expansion joint must notbe exceeded.

- the flow direction has been observed forexpansion joints with internal sleeves,

- the steel bellows is free from dirt, weldingchips, plaster or mortar splatter or any othersoiling – clean, if necessary;

- all screwed connections are tightenedproperly;

- in general, special care is taken to avoidcorrosion damages, e.g. in water treatmentor measures to avoid galvanic corrosionin copper and galvanized pipes.

- The restrictions listed in the ”Axial Expan-sion Joints” brochure, section “TechnicalData”, must not be exceeded.

● Excessive pressure peaks as a conse-quence of closing valves too quickly andwater hammers, etc. are not permitted.

● Avoid contact with aggressive media.● Steam pipelines must be started in such a

way that condensate can drain off in time.

Insulation Axial expansion joints shall be insulated likethe complete pipeline unless stated other-wise.● Protect the bellows by means of a suitable

cover to avoid insulation material droppinginto the convolutions.

MaintenanceThe axial expansion joints are maintenance-free.● Prior to disassembly and maintenance the

system must be- depressurized,- cooled down, and- drained.Failure to do so can result in seriousaccidents !

- If the pipeline will be cleaned with steam,make sure that no steam hammers occuras they may damage the expansion joint.

● If the axial expansion joint will be installedunder plaster, the bellows again requiresprotection to avoid that plaster and otherbuilding material negatively affects the freemovement of the bellows. The utilizationof IWK expansion joints with a standardbellows cover is to be considered.

19

Control

Start-up of thesystem

Maintenance

Unacceptablemodes ofoperation

Insulation

Installation

20

Expansionjoint data sheet

Type of expansion joint: Nominal diameter DN:

Design conditionsDesign pressure barDesign temperature o CMovements– axial compress.+/– mm– axial extension +/– mm– lateral +/– mm– angular +/– degr.Vibrations frequency Hz

amplitude mmType of vibration

Number of cyclesFlow mediumFlow velocity

Limitations mechanical properties:axial spring rate N/mmlateral spring rate N/mmangular spring rate Nm/degr.axial force Nlateral force Nangular moment Nmpressure thrust N

Quality tests:Hydraulic press. test � yes � noLeak test

with air � yes � nowith helium � yes � nopermissible leak rate mbar l/s

Auxiliary items:Inner sleeve � yes � noExternal shroud � yes � noOther items (specify)

Size/End fittings: material:� Weld ends� Fixed flange� Loose flange� Other (specify)

Space:maximum length: mmmaximum diameter: mm

Additional NDE BL RL BRR RR other itemsX-ray examination %dye penetrant examination %ultrasonic examination %magnetic particle examination %

BL = bellows longitudinal weld seam RL = pipe longitudinal weld seamBRR = bellows to pipe circumferential weld seam RR = pipe circumferential weld seam

QA/QC requirementsDesign codeSpecial specificationsCertificationAuthorized inspection party

60 0

00 3

52B

K.0

612.

3.1.

en.S

to.2

238

BOA Balg- und Kompensatoren-

Technologie GmbH

Lorenzstrasse 2-6

D-76297 Stutensee

Postfach 11 62

D-76288 Stutensee

Phone: +49 (0)7244 99-0

Fax: +49 (0)7244 99-372

E-Mail: kompensatoren@boa-bkt.com

Internet: www.boagroup.com