b 3r (mppp, mpsj mbm)open_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11831245_04.pdf(mppp, mpsj and mbm) 7.1 mppp...
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APPENDIX 7
BROCHURE FOR 3RS (MPPP, MPSJ AND MBM)
7.1 MPPP BROCHURES
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-1-1
7.1 3Rs Brochures in 3 Languages (MPPP)
3R Brochure in English (page 1)
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-1-2
3R Brochure in English (page 2)
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-1-3
3R Brochure in Malay
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-1-4
3R Brochure in Chinese
7.2 MPSJ BROCHURES
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-2-1
7.2.1 3Rs Brochure (General)
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-2-2
7.2.2 3Rs Brochure (De Palma Condominium)
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-2-3
7.2.3 3Rs Brochure (MPSJ Complex)
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-2-4
7.2.4 3Rs Brochure (South City Plaza)
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-2-5
7.2.5 Poster for South City Plaza Buy-back Centre
7.3 MBM BROCHURES
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-3-1
7.3.1 General 3-R Brochure for Public Awareness
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-3-2
7.3.2 Example of Information Leaflets to Encourage Source Sorting
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-3-3
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-3-4
7.3.3 Door to door collection schedule for Krokop distributed
Tentative date for recyclables collection
oor-to-door collection (Krokop 10 & Tadika Road)
Collection frequency – fortnightly (two week)
Collector - MCC and Buddhist Tzu-Chi Association
All collection will be donated to Buddhist Tzu-Chi Association
The tentative date for collection as shown below
ollection Centre (Krokop 5 & Bulatan Park)
Open on every Sunday from 9.00am until 11.00am
ease refer to press release if have any changes of the collection
ate
回收时间表
上门收集边(珠芭十号路与幼稚园路) • 收集次数 – 每两个星期 • 收集单位 – 美里市政局和慈济功德会 • 全部收集品将捐献给慈济功德会 • 收集时间如下:
回收中心 (珠芭五号路 & 埔奕人造湖公园) • 每星期日早上九时至十一时开放
收集时间若有任何更换, 将以报纸通知
SEPTEMBER 九月 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
OCTOBER 十月 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
NOVEMBER 十一月 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thurs Fri Sat
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Buddhist Tzu-Chi Association 慈济功德会 Miri City Council (MCC) 美里市政局
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-3-5
7.3.4 Background information for Krokop 6
The Study on National Waste Minimisation in Malaysia Final Report VolumeⅢ - Pilot Projects
A7-3-6
7.3.5 Brochures for Dynasty Hotel
APPENDIX 8
“RECYCLING WHEEL” IN PENANG
ISLAND
“R
EC
YC
LIN
G W
HE
EL
” IN
PE
NA
NG
ISL
AN
D
T
HE
PE
NA
NG
MU
NIC
IPA
L C
OU
NC
IL
EX
PER
IEN
CE
IN
SOL
ID W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T
2
CO
NTE
NTS
1.
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N :
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....6
2. P
ENA
NG
ISLA
ND
MU
NIC
IPA
L C
OU
NC
IL:.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
6 3.
TH
E G
OVE
RN
MEN
T SE
T U
P...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.8
3.1
The
Firs
t Tie
r: Th
e Fe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....8
3.
2 Th
e S
econ
d Ti
er G
over
nmen
t: Th
e St
ate
Gov
ernm
ent..
......
......
......
......
....8
3.
3 Th
e Th
ird T
ier G
over
nmen
t: Th
e Lo
cal A
utho
rity.
......
......
......
......
......
......
...9
4. L
AW
AN
D P
OLI
CIE
S...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..9
5. T
HE
PRES
ENT
SITU
ATI
ON
ON
SO
LID
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
......
....1
2 5.
1 TH
E C
OLL
EC
TIO
N...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.12
5.1.
1 Fr
eque
ncy
of C
olle
ctio
n....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....1
8 D
omes
tic W
aste
:....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.18
Indu
stria
l Was
te:..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....1
9 B
ulk
Was
te:.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.19
5.2
THE
TRAN
SFE
R S
TATI
ON
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..20
5.3
THE
LAN
DFI
LL...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..22
5.4
RE
CYC
LIN
G P
RO
GR
AM
ME
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
23
6. P
EWO
G –
A S
MA
RT
PAR
TNER
SHIP
BET
WEE
N L
OC
AL
GO
VER
NM
ENT,
PR
IVA
TE S
ECTO
R &
CO
MM
UN
ITIE
S...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.29
6.1
PEW
OG
’s V
isio
n....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....2
9 6.
2 PE
WO
G’s
Mis
sion
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
29
6.3
Obj
ectiv
e...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.29
6.4
Wor
king
mod
e...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....2
9 6.
5 M
embe
rshi
p....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.30
7. P
RES
ENT
SWM
SC
ENA
RIO
IN P
ENA
NG
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
33
7.1
Com
mun
ity...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....3
3 7.
2 Pr
ivat
e S
ecto
r.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...34
7.
3 M
unic
ipal
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....3
4 8.
DEC
IDIN
G O
N T
HE
APP
RO
PRIA
TE T
ECH
NO
LOG
Y...
......
......
......
......
...35
8.1
ISW
M H
iera
rchy
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...35
8.
2 A
ppro
pria
te M
ix o
f diff
eren
t Tec
hnol
ogie
s an
d Al
tern
ativ
es...
......
......
.....3
6 8.
3 Fl
exib
ility
of c
hose
n te
chno
logi
es to
mee
t fut
ure
chal
leng
es a
nd
chan
ging
sce
nario
s....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.36
8.4
Reg
ular
Mon
itorin
g an
d Ev
alua
tion.
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.36
8.5
Oth
er In
fluen
cing
Fac
tors
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
37
8.5.
1 C
omm
unity
Fac
tors
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...37
8.
5.2
Priv
ate
Sec
tor F
acto
rs...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.38
8.5.
3 M
unic
ipal
Fac
tors
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....3
8 9.
REC
YCLI
NG
AS
A V
IBR
AN
T EC
ON
OM
IC A
CTI
VITY
IN P
ENA
NG
......
..41
9.1
Pap
er...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.43
9.2
Plas
tic...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
45
9.3
Gla
ss b
ottle
s....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
46
9.4
Met
als,
alu
min
ium
can
s, ti
n co
ntai
ners
, etc
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
46
9.5
E-w
aste
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
47
9.6
Old
Clo
thes
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
50
9.7
Kitc
hen/
hous
ehol
d ap
plia
nces
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....5
1
3
10. C
ON
CLU
SIO
N &
LES
SON
S LE
AR
NT
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....5
4 A
PPEN
DIX
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
57
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 1:
ESH
RES
OU
RC
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T SD
N B
HD
......
......
.....
58
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 2
– H
OSP
ITA
L LA
M W
AH
EE
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
60
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 3:
ASE
ELE
CTR
ON
ICS
(M) S
DN
BH
D...
......
......
......
......
......
64
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 4:
SEK
OLA
H M
ENEN
GA
H K
EBA
NG
SAA
N S
G A
RA
......
...67
INST
RU
CTI
ON
AL
GU
IDES
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....7
2 C
OM
POST
ING
INST
RU
CTI
ON
S...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....7
2 SI
MPL
E 3
Rs
(Red
uce,
Reu
se, R
ecyc
le) F
OR
TH
E H
OM
E...
......
......
......
...76
STA
RTI
NG
A R
ECYC
LIN
G C
OM
MU
NIT
Y...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.79
4
AB
STR
AC
T Th
e P
enan
g Is
land
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il is
ess
entia
lly t
he b
ody
prov
idin
g lo
cal
auth
ority
ser
vice
s on
Pen
ang
Isla
nd a
nd is
one
of
the
larg
est
publ
ic s
ecto
r
empl
oyer
s in
th
e st
ate
with
m
ore
than
3,
000
empl
oyee
s.
It ha
s an
adm
inis
tratio
n ar
ea o
f abo
ut 2
99.6
5 sq
km
with
1 n
autic
al m
ile o
ff th
e sh
ore
incl
usiv
e. O
ne o
f its
prio
rity
func
tions
is th
e co
llect
ion
and
disp
osal
of w
aste
,
whi
ch is
und
er th
e ju
risdi
ctio
n of
the
Urb
an S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent.
Pena
ng I
slan
d ge
nera
tes
abou
t 69
0 to
ns o
f ga
rbag
e a
day.
The
Pen
ang
Isla
nd M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
is r
espo
nsib
le to
col
lect
tran
sfer
and
dis
pose
was
te.
This
ser
vice
cov
ers
95%
of
the
popu
latio
n.
The
colle
ctio
n an
d di
spos
al o
f
was
te in
clud
e do
mes
tic, i
ndus
trial
as
wel
l as
was
te in
the
sea
and
river
s. T
his
pape
r di
scus
ses
the
stru
ctur
e,
role
s an
d ac
tiviti
es
of
the
Cou
ncil,
th
e
infra
stru
ctur
e an
d m
echa
nism
s fo
r w
aste
col
lect
ion,
its
com
plex
ities
, is
sues
and
chal
leng
es f
aced
by
the
Cou
ncil
in t
he d
aunt
ing
task
of
serv
icin
g a
mod
ern
and
thriv
ing
city
.
The
pape
r al
so h
ighl
ight
s th
e su
cces
sful
rec
yclin
g pr
ogra
mm
es im
plem
ente
d
by th
e S
tate
Gov
ernm
ent w
ith th
e he
lp P
enan
g E
nviro
nmen
tal W
orki
ng G
roup
(PEW
OG
) un
der
the
ausp
ices
of t
he P
enan
g Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t Con
sulta
tive
Foru
m (
PLG
CF)
. Th
is i
s a
volu
ntar
y w
orki
ng g
roup
(LA
21
styl
ed)
that
is
activ
ely
invo
lved
in b
oth
plan
ning
and
impl
emen
ting
such
pro
gram
mes
on
the
grou
nd w
ith th
e P
enan
g Is
land
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il. P
rogr
amm
es im
plem
ente
d
by P
EW
OG
als
o in
clud
e th
e co
mm
unity
org
aniz
atio
n, s
ettin
g up
net
wor
ks fo
r
recy
clin
g ag
ents
, bu
yers
and
fac
torie
s an
d de
velo
ping
mec
hani
sms
so t
hat
the
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e w
orks
sm
ooth
ly a
nd e
ffici
ently
as
wel
l as
in
a
sust
aina
ble
man
ner.
Thro
ugh
this
effo
rt, n
umer
ous
com
mun
ities
hav
e st
arte
d
recy
clin
g ac
tiviti
es.
This
is
a P
ublic
-Priv
ate
Par
tner
ship
(P
PP
) be
twee
n th
e
Gov
ernm
ent,
com
mun
ity g
roup
s, p
rivat
e bu
sine
sses
and
vol
unte
ers
to ta
ckle
the
was
te p
robl
em th
roug
h re
cycl
ing
and
com
post
ing.
The
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e ha
s go
ne fr
om m
erel
y re
cycl
ing
into
the
col
lect
ion
of h
ouse
hold
haz
ardo
us w
aste
(flu
ores
cent
lam
ps, d
ry c
ell a
nd m
obile
pho
ne
batte
ries
and
aero
sol c
ans)
by
supe
rmar
kets
, w
hich
is a
firs
t in
the
cou
ntry
.
5
This
col
lect
ion
will
be
exte
nded
to w
et m
arke
ts th
at a
re u
nder
the
purv
iew
of
the
Pen
ang
Isla
nd M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil.
Ong
oing
and
futu
re p
rogr
amm
es in
clud
e th
e se
para
tion
of w
et a
nd d
ry w
aste
at h
ouse
hold
leve
l and
its
colle
ctio
n, c
omm
unity
com
post
ing
as w
ell a
s th
e
esta
blis
hmen
ts o
f co
mm
unity
res
ourc
e re
cove
ry c
entre
s. P
enan
g is
als
o th
e
first
Sta
te to
pub
lish
a re
cycl
ing
guid
e bo
ok a
s w
ell a
s a
man
ual f
or h
ouse
hold
com
post
ing.
We
are
look
ing
into
big
sca
le c
omm
erci
al c
ompo
stin
g to
hel
p
rem
ove
arou
nd 4
0% o
f wet
, org
anic
was
te fr
om th
e w
aste
stre
am.
The
Pen
ang
Isla
nd M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
has
also
com
mis
sion
ed a
sur
vey
of e
-
was
te
(ele
ctro
nic
was
te
com
pris
ing
com
pute
r an
d pe
riphe
rals
, el
ectri
cal
appl
ianc
es),
and
will
be
wor
king
out
mec
hani
sms
for
effe
ctiv
e co
llect
ion
and
safe
dis
posa
l of
the
se w
ith t
he c
olla
bora
tive
effo
rts f
rom
civ
il so
ciet
y an
d
priv
ate
ente
rpris
es.
Pena
ng’s
SW
M S
trate
gy fo
r was
te m
inim
izat
ion
and
dive
rsio
n fro
m it
s la
ndfil
l
are
final
ly:
Cle
an
Pro
duct
ion
with
th
e us
e of
no
n-to
xic,
re
cycl
able
, bi
odeg
rada
ble
com
pone
nts
in m
anuf
actu
ring
and
pack
agin
g of
pro
duct
s, e
mph
asiz
e on
Cor
pora
te
Pro
duce
r R
espo
nsib
ility;
an
d R
esou
rce
Rec
over
y.
Res
ourc
e
Rec
over
y w
ould
inc
lude
was
te s
epar
atio
n at
sou
rce
com
post
ing
of o
rgan
ic
mat
eria
ls a
nd re
mov
al o
f hou
seho
ld h
azar
dous
was
te fr
om th
e w
aste
stre
am.
It is
hop
ed t
hat
with
the
im
plem
enta
tion
of p
rope
r st
rate
gies
, P
enan
g w
ill
mov
e to
war
ds “Z
ER
O W
AS
TE”.
We
are
not t
here
yet
but
we
are
on o
ur w
ay!
6
1. IN
TRO
DU
CTI
ON
:
Pena
ng i
s on
e of
the
thi
rteen
sta
tes
of M
alay
sia
situ
ated
nor
th o
f th
e
Pen
insu
lar
with
the
tota
l are
a of
299
.65s
q/K
m. I
t has
a m
ulti
raci
al p
opul
atio
n
of 6
60,0
00 p
eopl
e. T
he e
thni
c gr
oup
dist
ribut
ions
on
the
isla
nd a
re C
hine
se
68%
, Mal
ay 2
4%, I
ndia
n 4%
, oth
ers
4%.
Pena
ng I
slan
d is
a t
ouris
m i
slan
d ni
ckna
med
as
Pear
l of
The
Orie
nt.
The
isla
nd is
als
o kn
own
as th
e Si
licon
Isla
nd o
f Mal
aysi
a du
e th
e la
rge
num
ber o
f
elec
troni
c in
dust
ries
avai
labl
e. T
he i
slan
d ec
onom
y de
pend
ed m
ainl
y on
tour
ism
, m
anuf
actu
ring,
co
nstru
ctio
n,
agric
ultu
ral,
fishi
ng
and
serv
ices
resp
ectiv
ely.
Bein
g a
tour
ist i
slan
d, s
olid
was
te m
anag
emen
t are
con
stan
tly m
onito
red
and
disc
usse
d by
man
y au
thor
ities
incl
udin
g M
inis
try o
f Cul
ture
and
Tou
rism
.
The
larg
e nu
mbe
r of
indu
strie
s an
d op
portu
nity
ava
ilabl
e ha
s at
tract
ed m
any
mig
rant
s lo
cally
and
fore
ign
imm
igra
nts
to m
igra
te to
the
isla
nd th
us c
ausi
ng
quite
a c
halle
nge
on s
ocia
l and
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent.
2. P
ENA
NG
ISLA
ND
MU
NIC
IPA
L C
OU
NC
IL:
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
is t
he t
hird
tie
r in
the
Mal
aysi
a G
over
nmen
t st
ruct
ure.
In
Pena
ng Is
land
, the
orig
ins
of lo
cal g
over
nmen
t can
be
trace
d as
far
back
as
1856
. To
day
the
Mun
icip
al
Cou
ncil
of
Pena
ng
Isla
nd
has
a lo
cal
adm
inis
tratio
n ar
ea o
f ab
out
299.
65 s
q/km
with
1 n
autic
al m
ile o
ff th
e sh
ore
incl
usiv
e.
Prio
r to
1.7.
1974
ther
e w
ere
two
Cou
ncils
in P
enan
g Is
land
i.e.
City
Cou
ncil
of
Geo
rget
own
and
the
Rur
al D
istri
ct C
ounc
il. T
he tw
o co
unci
ls w
ere
inte
grat
ed
on 1
.7.1
974
and
know
n as
the
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il of
Pen
ang
Isla
nd.
The
coun
cil i
s fin
anci
ally
aut
onom
ous
and
is e
ssen
tially
an
orga
nisa
tion
prov
idin
g
7
loca
l au
thor
ity s
ervi
ces
on P
enan
g Is
land
and
is
one
of t
he l
arge
st p
ublic
sect
or e
mpl
oyer
s in
the
stat
e w
ith m
ore
than
3,0
00 e
mpl
oyee
s.
The
coun
cil
exec
utiv
e bo
dy
com
pris
es
a Pr
esid
ent
and
24
Cou
ncilo
rs
appo
inte
d by
the
Stat
e G
over
nmen
t und
er th
e Lo
cal G
over
nmen
t Act
197
6.
The
Full
Cou
ncil
mee
ts
ever
y fo
rtnig
htly
. Th
ere
are
seve
ral
stan
ding
com
mitt
ees
conc
erne
d w
ith th
e pr
imar
y fu
nctio
ns o
f Cou
ncil.
The
mai
n so
urce
of i
ncom
e of
the
Cou
ncil
is d
eriv
ed fr
om r
ates
levi
ed o
n al
l
prop
ertie
s ex
cept
pla
ces
of r
elig
ious
wor
ship
, lic
ense
d bu
rial
grou
nd o
r
crem
ator
ia,
publ
ic s
choo
ls,
publ
ic p
lace
s fo
r ch
arita
ble
purp
oses
or
for
the
purp
ose
of s
cien
ce, l
itera
ture
or f
ine
arts
.
Man
agem
ent c
ontro
l dev
olve
s fro
m th
e Pr
esid
ent t
hrou
gh th
e M
unic
ipal
Secr
etar
y to
the
10 d
epar
tmen
ts a
s fo
llow
s:
1. S
ecre
taria
t
2. E
ngin
eerin
g D
epar
tmen
t
3. F
inan
ce D
epar
tmen
t
4. P
ublic
Hea
lth D
epar
tmen
t
5. B
uild
ing
Dep
artm
ent
6. V
alua
tion
Dep
artm
ent
7. U
rban
Ser
vice
s D
epar
tmen
t 8.
Tow
n P
lann
ing
And
Dev
elop
men
t Dep
artm
ent
9. L
egal
Dep
artm
ent
10.
Lice
nsin
g D
epar
tmen
t
In th
is c
onte
xt, w
e w
ill fo
cus
on th
e U
rban
Ser
vice
s D
epar
tmen
t. Th
e m
ain
func
tions
of th
e D
epar
tmen
t are
man
agin
g th
e co
llect
ion,
tran
spor
t and
dis
posa
l of s
olid
was
te
as w
ell a
s m
aint
aini
ng th
e cl
eanl
ines
s of
pub
lic a
reas
suc
h as
road
s, d
rain
s, m
arke
ts,
food
co
mpl
exes
, ha
wke
r si
tes,
pu
blic
to
ilets
, be
ache
s,
river
s an
d se
a.
The
Dep
artm
ent
also
han
dles
Rec
yclin
g P
rogr
amm
e as
wel
l as
ass
ist
goto
ng r
oyon
g
activ
ities
whi
ch a
re fr
eque
ntly
hel
d du
ring
the
year
by
prov
idin
g m
ater
ials
, equ
ipm
ent
and
vehi
cles
.
The
Urb
an S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent w
as e
stab
lishe
d on
16
Janu
ary
1992
follo
win
g th
e
Cou
ncil’s
to d
ecis
ion
to re
stru
ctur
e its
org
anis
atio
n in
ord
er to
cre
ate
spec
ialis
atio
n of
func
tions
bas
ed o
n th
e st
udy
by J
apan
Inte
rnat
iona
l Coo
pera
tion
Age
ncy
(JIC
A).
The
Urb
an S
ervi
ces
Dep
artm
ent i
s di
vide
d in
to 2
sec
tions
, i.e
. Adm
inis
tratio
n S
ectio
n an
d
Cle
ansi
ng S
ectio
n.
3. T
HE
GO
VER
NM
ENT
SET
UP
As m
entio
ned
earli
er,
the
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t is
the
thi
rd t
ier
gove
rnm
ent.
It is
impo
rtant
to k
now
the
role
of e
ach
tier o
f gov
ernm
ent a
nd it
s ro
le.
3.1
The
Firs
t Tie
r: T
he F
eder
al G
over
nmen
t. Th
e m
ajor
role
s ar
e to
pro
vide
and
form
ulat
e na
tiona
l pol
icie
s or
law
s re
late
d to
sol
id
was
te m
anag
emen
t in
clud
ing
recy
clin
g an
d re
leva
nt e
nviro
nmen
tal
issu
es.
The
agen
cy in
volv
ed a
t the
fede
ral l
evel
is M
inis
try o
f Hou
sing
and
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t.
The
Min
istry
of H
ousi
ng a
nd L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent i
s di
rect
ly in
cha
rge
of
all t
he L
ocal
Auth
oriti
es in
Mal
aysi
a. It
will
dire
ct p
olic
ies
pass
ed b
y th
e pa
rliam
ent t
o al
l rel
evan
t
Loca
l Aut
horit
y th
roug
h th
e se
cond
tier
gov
ernm
ent k
now
n as
the
Stat
e G
over
nmen
t.
3.2
The
Seco
nd T
ier G
over
nmen
t: Th
e St
ate
Gov
ernm
ent
The
Stat
e G
over
nmen
t w
ill s
tudy
and
del
iber
ate
issu
es o
r po
licie
s pa
ssed
by
the
Min
istry
of
H
ousi
ng
and
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t. R
elat
ed
mat
ters
ar
e br
ough
t fo
r
9
delib
erat
ion
to th
e EX
CO
mem
bers
. In
the
case
of P
enan
g Is
land
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il,
the
EX
CO
invo
lved
is th
e Lo
cal A
utho
rity
and
Traf
fic S
tand
ing
Com
mitt
ee.
Ther
e ar
e 14
7 Lo
cal A
utho
ritie
s in
Mal
aysi
a. E
ach
of th
em h
as a
diff
eren
t set
of b
y-
law
s th
at s
uits
the
loca
l sce
nario
.
Alth
ough
eac
h of
the
Loca
l Aut
horit
y ha
s di
ffere
nt s
ets
of la
w b
ut a
ll by
-law
s cr
eate
d
mus
t be
base
d un
der t
he m
ain
law
i.e.
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t Act
197
6 an
d ap
prov
ed b
y
the
stat
e G
over
nmen
t.
If th
e st
ate
EX
CO
mem
ber
agre
es w
ith t
he p
olic
y or
pol
icie
s pa
ssed
dow
n by
the
Min
istry
of
Hou
sing
and
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t, it
will
the
n be
dire
cted
to
the
Loca
l
Auth
ority
invo
lved
for i
t to
be e
xecu
ted.
3.3
The
Third
Tie
r Gov
ernm
ent:
The
Loca
l Aut
horit
y.
The
Loca
l A
utho
rity
upon
rec
eivi
ng t
he p
olic
y or
pol
icie
s w
ill h
ave
to e
xecu
te i
t.
Ther
e is
no
muc
h ro
om f
or d
elib
erat
ion
or d
iscu
ssio
n gi
ven
at t
he L
ocal
Aut
horit
y
leve
l. S
omet
imes
thes
e si
tuat
ions
cre
ate
a no
n-co
nduc
ive
rela
tion
betw
een
the
Sta
te
Gov
ernm
ent
and
the
Loca
l Aut
horit
y. B
asic
ally
the
Loc
al A
utho
rity
has
to c
arry
out
wha
teve
r po
licie
s gi
ven
upon
. Nor
mal
ly p
olic
ies
or is
sues
forw
arde
d by
the
Min
istry
of H
ousi
ng a
nd L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent w
ill th
en b
e de
liber
ated
at t
he C
ounc
il le
vel.
As fa
r
as s
olid
was
te m
atte
rs a
re c
once
rned
the
mat
ters
will
be b
roug
ht f
orw
ard
to t
he
Cle
ansi
ng H
ealth
and
Pub
lic E
duca
tion
Stan
ding
Com
mitt
ee. A
s m
entio
ned
earli
er,
the
stan
ding
com
mitt
ee c
an d
elib
erat
e th
e m
atte
r bu
t mos
t of t
he ti
me
it ca
rries
no
wei
ght.
4. L
AW
AN
D P
OLI
CIE
S C
urre
ntly
the
re i
s no
nat
iona
l po
licy
on s
olid
was
te m
anag
emen
t. H
owev
er t
he
gove
rnm
ent i
s fo
rmul
atin
g th
e N
atio
nal S
olid
Was
te A
ct. I
t is
in th
e pr
oces
s of
tabl
ing
to th
e pa
rliam
ent f
or a
ppro
val.
The
Min
istry
of H
ousi
ng a
nd L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent h
as
10
been
giv
en th
e ta
sk to
form
ulat
e th
e m
entio
ned
act.
The
secr
ecy
and
the
sile
nce
of it
have
cau
sed
rest
less
ness
am
ong
the
NG
Os
and
envi
ronm
enta
l act
ivis
t.
Mos
t of
the
NG
Os
and
envi
ronm
enta
l ac
tivis
t vi
ewed
tha
t pu
blic
inp
ut s
houl
d be
cons
ider
ed b
efor
e dr
aftin
g th
e ac
t.
The
Nat
iona
l Sol
id W
aste
Act
will
inco
rpor
ate
an in
tegr
ated
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent
syst
em t
hat
cove
rs t
he c
olle
ctio
n to
dis
posa
l of
was
te i
n a
mor
e sy
stem
atic
and
stan
dard
ised
man
ner.
The
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t int
ende
d to
priv
atis
ed th
e so
lid w
aste
man
agem
ent t
o m
ost
of th
e w
est c
oast
of t
he c
ount
ry u
nder
the
natio
nal p
rivat
izat
ion
prog
ram
me.
Und
er t
he a
ct,
the
natio
n w
ill b
e se
ctio
naliz
ed i
nto
3 zo
nes.
The
Nor
ther
n, T
he
Cen
tral
and
Sou
ther
n Zo
ne.
Cur
rent
ly t
he C
entra
l an
d S
outh
ern
Zone
s is
alre
ady
bein
g
priv
atis
ed a
nd o
pera
tiona
l.
The
Nor
ther
n Zo
ne w
ill i
nclu
de 3
mor
e st
ates
und
er t
he n
atio
nal
priv
atis
atio
n
prog
ram
me.
Am
ong
othe
r re
ason
s th
e go
vern
men
t de
cide
d to
pr
ivat
ised
th
e so
lid
was
te
man
agem
ent
is t
o cu
rb th
e irr
egul
ar p
ract
ices
by
loca
l cou
ncils
. It
is a
lso
mea
nt t
o
solv
e th
e cr
itica
l pro
blem
of m
anpo
wer
face
d by
mos
t cou
ncil
in th
e co
untry
due
to
the
gove
rnm
ent p
olic
y to
dow
nsiz
e th
e pu
blic
ser
vice
s se
ctor
.
Mos
t of t
he lo
cal c
ounc
il in
the
coun
try d
oes
have
a s
anita
ry la
ndfil
l. It
is h
ope
that
with
the
int
egra
tion
of s
olid
was
te m
anag
emen
t to
the
loc
al c
ounc
ils t
hrou
gh t
his
priv
atiz
atio
n pr
ogra
mm
e w
ill h
elp
to s
olve
the
prob
lem
s in
the
long
run.
11
The
pres
ent l
aw w
hich
mos
t of
the
Loc
al A
utho
rity
in M
alay
sia
is a
pply
ing
on s
olid
was
te m
anag
emen
t is:
• LO
CA
L G
OV
ERN
ME
NT
AC
T 19
76 (N
atio
nal L
aw)
• ST
REE
T D
RAI
NAN
GE
AN
D B
UIL
DIN
G A
CT
1974
(Nat
iona
l Law
)
• P
UB
LIC
CLE
AN
SIN
G A
ND
SAF
ETY
BY-
LAW
S 1
980
(App
licab
le t
o P
enan
g
Isla
nd M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil)
Not
e th
at it
was
men
tione
d ea
rlier
tha
t ea
ch L
ocal
Aut
horit
y ha
s its
ow
n se
t of
by-
law
s. S
ome
of th
e by
-law
s m
ay b
e id
entic
al, a
s Lo
cal C
ounc
ils d
uplic
ate
each
oth
er’s
law
whe
re a
pplic
able
. S
ome
may
be
mod
ified
to
suit
the
loca
l nee
ds.
Mos
t of
the
time
smal
l Loc
al A
utho
rity
lear
ned
and
dupl
icat
e la
ws
from
the
bigg
er L
ocal
Aut
horit
y.
By-
law
s ar
e es
sent
ial t
o Lo
cal A
utho
ritie
s as
they
pro
vide
mor
e en
forc
emen
t pow
ers.
Mos
t of
the
nat
iona
l ac
ts p
rovi
de p
ower
to
enab
le L
ocal
Aut
horit
y to
tak
e le
gal
mat
ters
to
cour
t w
here
as b
y-la
ws
prov
ides
pow
er t
o co
mpo
und
the
offe
nder
. Th
e
acts
hav
e th
e pr
ovis
o to
com
poun
d bu
t it i
s on
ly t
o ce
rtain
offe
nces
. The
refo
re th
e
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent A
ct p
rovi
des
a cl
ause
to e
nabl
e Lo
cal A
utho
rity
to c
reat
e its
ow
n
by-la
ws.
Mos
t Lo
cal
Aut
horit
y in
Mal
aysi
a pr
efer
s to
com
poun
d th
e of
fend
er a
s it
fast
and
effe
ctiv
e. L
egal
mat
ters
take
n to
cou
rt ta
kes
time,
som
etim
es y
ears
to s
ettle
due
to
larg
e nu
mbe
r of o
ther
unr
elat
ed c
ases
.
Seve
ral L
ocal
Aut
horit
ies
had
built
thei
r ow
n co
urt i
.e. M
unic
ipal
Cou
rt to
set
tle a
ll th
e
mun
icip
al c
ases
with
out
invo
lvin
g no
n-m
unic
ipal
cas
es.
The
Fede
ral
Gov
ernm
ent
enco
urag
es L
ocal
Aut
horit
ies
to s
et u
p th
eir o
wn
Mun
icip
al C
ourt.
Eve
n th
ough
the
enco
urag
emen
t is
wel
l rec
eive
d by
som
e Lo
cal A
utho
rity
but m
any
coul
d no
t bui
ld th
eir o
wn
cour
t due
to u
nava
ilabi
lity
of m
agis
trate
s, s
taff,
land
s, s
pace
and
fund
s. O
ther
fact
ors
are
that
the
Mag
istra
te a
ppoi
nted
mus
t be
from
the
Fede
ral
Gov
ernm
ent
but
the
payc
heck
w
ill be
bo
rne
by
the
Loca
l Au
thor
ity
invo
lved
.
Wha
teve
r fin
es im
pose
d up
on th
e of
fend
er w
ill g
o to
the
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t.
12
5. T
HE
PRES
ENT
SITU
ATI
ON
ON
SO
LID
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
5.1
THE
CO
LLEC
TIO
N
The
Pena
ng I
slan
d ge
nera
tes
abou
t 65
0 to
ns a
day
of
garb
age.
The
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il is
resp
onsi
ble
to c
olle
ct tr
ansf
er a
nd d
ispo
se th
em.
The
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il co
vers
abo
ut 9
5% o
f th
e po
pula
tion
on g
arba
ge
colle
ctio
n as
maj
or p
ortio
n of
the
Isla
nd is
wel
l dev
elop
ed. 5
% a
re th
e pr
emis
es th
at
are
not
with
in r
each
. Th
ese
are
prem
ises
situ
ated
on
hills
and
iso
late
d. I
t is
not
econ
omic
al t
o pr
ovid
e se
rvic
es t
o su
ch e
xten
d. T
he r
esid
ents
of
the
prem
ises
men
tione
d ar
e m
ostly
invo
lved
in m
arke
t ga
rden
bus
ines
ses
and
plan
tatio
ns.
They
norm
ally
bu
rn
or
bury
th
eir
garb
age.
Fe
w
depe
nded
on
co
mpo
stin
g fo
r th
eir
plan
tatio
ns a
nd m
arke
t ga
rden
s du
e to
rea
dily
ava
ilabl
e of
che
mic
al a
nd o
rgan
ic
ferti
lizer
s. H
owev
er, c
ompo
stin
g is
pra
ctic
ed b
y so
me
of th
em a
t a s
mal
l sca
le.
The
Cou
ncil
has
priv
atis
ed it
s co
llect
ion
sinc
e th
e ea
rly 8
0’s.
It c
over
s on
ly th
e ci
ty o
f
Geo
rget
own.
In
1984
, 6
cont
ract
ors
wer
e ap
poin
ted
to c
over
gre
ater
par
t of
the
Isla
nd. C
ounc
il la
ter
mad
e a
deci
sion
to a
ppoi
nt o
nly
4 co
ntra
ctor
s to
cov
er 8
0% o
f
the
Isla
nd in
199
3. T
he p
rivat
e co
ntra
ctor
s co
vers
80%
of t
he Is
land
col
lect
ion
and
the
rem
aind
er 2
0% i
s by
the
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il. T
he C
ounc
il ke
eps
the
rem
aind
er 2
0% a
s a
back
up
serv
ice
in c
ase
any
of th
e co
ntra
ctor
s fa
il to
car
ry o
ut
thei
r dut
y or
term
inat
ed.
In t
he b
egin
ning
, th
e C
ounc
il pa
ys t
he c
ontra
ctor
s by
wei
ght
but
ther
e w
ere
som
e
mis
cond
uct o
n th
e si
de o
f the
con
tract
ors.
The
y be
gin
to c
heat
the
Cou
ncil
by a
ddin
g
wat
er,
rock
s, p
lank
s, c
oncr
ete
or w
hate
ver
avai
labl
e to
incr
ease
the
wei
ght
of t
he
garb
age.
The
Cou
ncil
saw
this
and
opt
ione
d to
pay
by
flat r
ate.
A n
ew p
robl
em a
rose
from
this
flat
rate
sys
tem
. As
men
tione
d ea
rlier
dev
elop
men
t in
Pena
ng Is
land
is r
apid
. Mor
e hi
gh r
ise
build
ings
ere
cted
, mor
e in
dust
ries
emer
ged,
mor
e co
mm
erci
al a
reas
dev
elop
ed b
ut t
he s
ame
num
ber
of c
ontra
ctor
s in
volv
ed.
Con
sequ
ently
the
con
tract
ors
are
faci
ng q
uite
a p
ress
ure.
The
con
tract
ors
are
13
oper
atin
g w
ith a
n ex
tend
ed w
orkf
orce
but
get
s th
e sa
me
amou
nt a
s ag
reed
in t
he
agre
emen
t. Th
is h
as c
ause
d th
e co
ntra
ctor
s to
sla
ck d
own
on s
ervi
ces.
Anot
her
prob
lem
enc
ount
ered
was
, in
the
agre
emen
t, th
e C
ounc
il cl
early
stip
ulat
ed
the
use
of c
ompa
ctor
lorr
ies
and
the
roro
bin
s. T
he c
ontra
ctor
s ha
ve t
o us
e 10
0%
com
pact
or lo
rrie
s fo
r col
lect
ion.
The
roro
or m
ulti-
lift a
s it
is c
alle
d in
Pen
ang
are
only
allo
wed
fo
r co
mm
erci
al
area
s w
ith
high
ge
nera
tion
of
garb
age
i.e.
mar
kets
,
supe
rmar
kets
and
hyp
erm
arke
ts.
This
aro
se fr
om th
e ha
bit o
f con
tract
ors
crea
ting
little
dum
psite
s al
l ove
r th
e Is
land
.
The
cont
ract
ors
wer
e th
en p
ract
icin
g do
uble
-han
dlin
g sy
stem
, w
hich
is a
gain
st t
he
Cou
ncil’s
pol
icy.
Gar
bage
col
lect
ed b
y th
e la
bour
ers
from
pre
mis
es i
s du
mpe
d at
little
dum
psite
s. T
he l
orrie
s w
ill t
hen
pick
it
up t
o th
e la
ndfil
l. Th
is h
as s
tirre
d up
med
ia a
nd p
ublic
out
cry.
Obj
ectio
ns f
rom
pol
itica
l sec
tors
cam
e po
urin
g in
. N
ot t
o
men
tion
from
the
tou
rism
sec
tor.
Und
er p
ress
ure,
the
Cou
ncil
cam
e ou
t w
ith t
he
ultim
atum
for
the
cont
ract
ors
to p
ract
ice
sing
le-h
andl
ing
syst
em i.
e. h
ouse
to h
ouse
colle
ctio
n.
Dev
elop
men
t m
ay b
e ra
pid
in P
enan
g bu
t th
ere
are
still
unde
rdev
elop
ed a
reas
on
the
Isla
nd.
The
exis
tenc
e of
ille
gal s
quat
ter
area
s is
one
of
the
prob
lem
s al
thou
gh
not
a m
ajor
one
. Th
ese
area
s ar
e m
ostly
ina
cces
sibl
e by
lor
ries
or e
ven
min
i
com
pact
ors.
The
way
out
is to
pla
ce ro
ro b
ins
or m
ulti-
lift b
ins.
Aga
in it
goe
s ba
ck to
doub
le-h
andl
ing
syst
em b
ut t
he p
robl
ems
of l
ittle
dum
psite
s ar
e ta
ken
care
of.
Ple
ase
note
that
the
Cou
ncil
also
ser
vice
d th
e ill
egal
squ
atte
rs.
Pena
ng I
slan
d M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
prac
tices
“A
Peop
le F
riend
ly C
ounc
il” a
ppro
ach.
Sin
ce 1
995
to t
he e
nd o
f 20
02 t
he C
ounc
il su
pplie
d 57
,692
uni
ts o
f fre
e 80
lite
r
HD
PE
bins
to a
ll la
nded
pro
perty
pre
mis
es. H
ence
forth
, sta
rted
its fi
rst a
ltern
ate
day
colle
ctio
n se
rvic
es w
ith th
e 4
appo
inte
d co
ntra
ctor
s.
Col
lect
ions
are
fre
e of
cha
rge.
Ass
essm
ent
char
ge i
s le
vied
on
rate
paye
rs.
The
asse
ssm
ent r
ate
cove
rs a
ll th
e se
rvic
es r
ende
red
by th
e C
ounc
il bu
t did
not
spe
cify
the
amou
nt f
or c
olle
ctio
n se
rvic
es.
The
asse
ssm
ent
rate
s ar
e de
term
ined
by
the
Valu
atio
n D
epar
tmen
t of t
he C
ounc
il.
14
The
Cou
ncil
divi
ded
the
Isla
nd in
to 7
zon
es f
or c
olle
ctio
n se
rvic
es.
6 zo
nes
by t
he
cont
ract
ors
and
1 zo
ne w
ere
by th
e C
ounc
il.
The
map
abo
ve s
how
s th
e di
strib
utio
n of
the
7 zo
nes.
Not
e th
at th
e C
ounc
il co
ntro
ls
a la
rge
porti
on o
f the
Isla
nd. H
owev
er, t
his
porti
on is
not
hig
hly
deve
lope
d.
ZONE
X
NORT
H ZO
NE
ZONE
AIR
IT
AM A
ZONE
Y SO
UTH
ZONE
ZONE
AIR
ITAM
B
COUN
CIL
15
Ta
ble
2: P
enan
g: S
ecto
ral S
hare
of G
ross
Dom
estic
Pro
duct
(%)
19
90
1995
20
00
2001
20
02
2003
(f)
Agri,
fore
stry
, fis
hing
2.
9 1.
6 1.
3 1.
6 1.
6 1.
5
M&Q
0.
3 1.
2 1.
1 1.
2 1.
1 1.
1
Man
ufac
turin
g 43
.1
43.9
45
.7
41.3
41
.3
41.6
Con
stru
ctio
n 3.
1 3.
3 2.
4 2.
4 2.
1 2.
1
Terti
ary
50.6
50
.0
49.5
53
.5
53.8
53
.7
Tota
l 10
0.0
100.
0 10
0.0
100.
0 10
0.00
100.
00
Sou
rce:
Pen
ang
Stra
tegi
c D
evel
opm
ent P
lan
2 (P
SD
P2)
& S
ER
I
Tabl
e 1:
Pen
ang
Stat
e W
aste
Com
posi
tion
Dat
a
Com
posi
tion
Tota
l Was
te (%
) M
unic
ipal
Was
te (%
)D
iffer
ence
(%
)
Food
39
.51
53.2
4 (1
3.73
)
Pap
er
12.6
4 13
.49
(0.8
5)
Gre
ens
5.59
1.
75
3.84
Woo
d 1.
96
1.31
0.
65
Plas
tics
10.7
3 10
.54
0.19
Text
iles
2.16
2.
87
(0.7
1)
Rub
ber
0.04
0.
04
-
Gla
ss
1.77
2.
35
(0.5
8)
Met
als
5.79
4.
79
1.00
Bul
k 1.
25
1.75
(0
.50)
Agg
rega
tes
(Con
stru
ctio
n &
Dem
oliti
on)
12.7
0 0.
87
11.8
3
Wat
er
5.86
6.
99
(1.1
3)
Tota
l 10
0.00
99
.99
0.01
Sou
rce:
NW
I Tec
hnic
al M
aste
rpla
n fo
r Priv
atis
atio
n of
Sol
id W
aste
Man
agem
ent:
Nor
ther
n
Reg
ion,
199
6
16
The
mai
n co
ntrib
utor
s to
Pen
ang’
s G
DP
are
the
man
ufac
turin
g se
ctor
(41
.6%
) an
d
the
terti
ary
sect
or
(53.
7%).
Thes
e fig
ures
in
dica
te
the
pres
ence
of
m
any
mul
tinat
iona
l co
mpa
nies
as
w
ell
as
smal
l an
d m
ediu
m
indu
strie
s in
P
enan
g.
Pen
ang’
s te
rtiar
y se
ctor
com
pris
es m
ainl
y of
ser
vice
s, w
hich
cat
er f
or t
he t
ouris
m
sect
or.
The
garb
age
colle
cted
are
cat
egor
ized
into
4 d
iffer
ent t
ypes
cur
rent
ly:
1. D
omes
tic W
aste
2. In
dust
rial W
aste
3. B
ulk
Was
te
4. S
ea W
aste
5. R
iver
Was
te –
effe
ctiv
e in
200
4, 2
1 riv
ers
in th
e Is
land
will
be
surr
ende
red
to th
e
Cou
ncil.
The
vehi
cles
use
d fo
r the
col
lect
ion
are
as fo
llow
s:
TYPE
S O
F VE
HIC
LES
USE
D F
OR
CO
LLEC
TIO
N
TYPE
C
OU
NC
IL
CO
NTR
AC
TOR
S
CO
MPA
CTO
R
(12
Cu.
M)
7 50
CO
MPA
CTO
R
( 6
Cu.
M)
5
SID
E LO
ADER
(7.5
Cu.
M)
3 2
RO
RO
(
12 C
u.M
) 7
3
RO
RO
(
6 C
u.M
) 7
HIG
H S
IDE
TIPP
ER
10
UTI
LITY
VAN
3
2
TOTA
L 42
57
17
TYPE
S O
F VE
HIC
LES
USE
D F
OR
CO
LLEC
TIO
N A
ND
CLE
AN
SIN
G S
ERVI
CES
Not
e: 1
US
D =
RM
3.80
Cer
tain
pre
mis
es s
uch
as in
dust
ries
and
hote
ls h
ave
thei
r ow
n co
ntra
ctor
to c
olle
ct
thei
r gar
bage
. The
Cou
ncil
allo
ws
the
prac
tice
but t
he c
ontra
ctor
s ap
poin
ted
mus
t be
notif
ied
to th
e C
ounc
il in
clud
ing
thei
r ve
hicl
e re
gist
ratio
n nu
mbe
rs. T
his
is e
ssen
tial
to m
onito
r the
gar
bage
col
lect
ed a
nd d
ispo
sed.
All g
arba
ge v
ehic
les
will
be
regi
ster
ed a
t the
wei
ghbr
idge
(Tr
ansf
er S
tatio
n) fo
r da
ta
colle
ctio
n pu
rpos
es a
nd t
o en
sure
tha
t al
l gar
bage
veh
icle
s du
mp
thei
r ga
rbag
e at
the
Cou
ncil’
s tra
nsfe
r sta
tion.
The
Cou
ncil
has
mad
e it
man
dato
ry fo
r al
l org
anic
, dom
estic
and
indu
stria
l was
te to
be d
umpe
d at
the
Cou
ncil’s
Tra
nsfe
r S
tatio
n. N
on-o
rgan
ic w
aste
is p
rohi
bite
d at
the
Cou
ncil’s
Tra
nsfe
r Sta
tion.
TYPE
C
OST
(RM
)
CO
MPA
CTO
R
(12
Cu.
M)
208
,800
CO
MPA
CTO
R
( 6
Cu.
M)
111,
200
SID
E L
OA
DE
R (7
.5 C
u.M
)
RO
RO
(
12 C
u.M
) 11
0,00
0
RO
RO
(
6 C
u.M
) 96
,200
HIG
H S
IDE
TIP
PER
16
3,00
0
4 X
4 PI
CK
UP
VAN
77
,742
.88
UTI
LITY
VAN
48
,685
.35
ART
GU
LLY
EM
PTIE
R
347,
000
ALL
LIT
TER
VAC
CU
M (
RS
) 99
,800
RO
AD S
WEE
PER
(4.5
Cu.
M)
349,
500
RO
AD S
WEE
PER
(6 C
u.M
) 55
0,00
0
RU
BB
ER
/ D
RYE
RS
36,0
00
STR
EE
T W
AS
HE
R
96,0
00
SKID
STE
ER L
OAD
ER
10
8,00
0
MIN
I MO
BIL
E H
IGH
PR
ES. J
ET
208,
000
18
Bulk
was
te a
nd n
on-o
rgan
ic w
aste
is d
umpe
d at
the
Jel
uton
g La
ndfil
l. B
ulk
was
te
cons
ists
of
furn
iture
, co
nstru
ctio
n de
bris
, re
frige
rato
rs,
othe
r bu
lky
appl
ianc
es,
bulk
met
als,
tree
s an
d su
ch.
Dum
ping
of o
rgan
ic w
aste
at t
he J
elut
ong
Land
fill i
s st
rictly
pro
hibi
ted.
The
Cou
ncil
does
not
levy
any
cha
rge
to a
ny p
ublic
who
wan
ts to
dum
p th
eir
was
te
at th
e Je
luto
ng L
andf
ill or
the
Cou
ncil’s
Tra
nsfe
r St
atio
n. T
his
prac
tice
star
ted
in th
e
early
200
2 to
cur
b th
e pr
oble
m o
f pub
lic d
umpi
ng th
eir
garb
age
at p
ublic
or
hidd
en
plac
es.
How
ever
, th
e pu
blic
nee
ds t
o in
form
the
Eng
inee
ring
Dep
artm
ent
of t
heir
inte
ntio
n fo
r adm
inis
trativ
e pu
rpos
es.
Befo
re th
is p
ract
ice,
the
Eng
inee
ring
Dep
artm
ent l
evie
d a
char
ge o
f RM
10.0
0 fo
r a
perm
it to
dum
p. It
is n
ot th
e ch
arge
that
hin
ders
the
publ
ic b
ut th
e ha
ssle
of h
avin
g to
go th
roug
h th
e ad
min
istra
tive
proc
edur
es. K
now
ing
this
bei
ng a
pro
blem
, the
Cou
ncil
deci
ded
to d
o aw
ay w
ith th
e ch
arge
.
It is
hop
ed th
at b
y m
akin
g th
ings
sim
ple
for t
he p
ublic
, it w
ill e
ncou
rage
them
to s
top
disp
osin
g th
eir w
aste
indi
scrim
inat
ely
but t
he d
ump
cont
inue
s, v
ery
min
imal
thou
gh.
5.1.
1 Fr
eque
ncy
of C
olle
ctio
n D
omes
tic W
aste
:
Prio
r to
1995
the
Cou
ncil
prac
tice
a da
ily c
olle
ctio
n th
roug
h ou
t the
Isla
nd. U
nder
the
reco
mm
enda
tion
of J
apan
ese
Inte
rnat
iona
l Coo
pera
tion
Agen
cy, t
he fr
eque
ncy
was
alte
red
to a
ltern
ate
day
colle
ctio
n. It
was
adv
ised
that
a d
aily
col
lect
ion
incu
rs a
lot o
f
expe
nditu
re. C
onse
quen
tly it
had
bee
n ch
ange
to th
e pr
esen
t sys
tem
– th
e al
tern
ate
day
colle
ctio
n.
Nev
erth
eles
s th
e pe
ople
of P
enan
g ac
cept
ed d
aily
dis
char
ge o
f was
te a
s a
“way
of
life”
. To
date
ther
e ar
e st
ill p
eopl
e th
at c
ould
not
acc
ept t
he a
ltern
ate
day
colle
ctio
n
syst
em th
us c
ontin
ues
to d
ump
thei
r gar
bage
out
side
the
colle
ctio
n da
y.
19
The
alte
rnat
e da
y co
llect
ion
syst
em is
app
licab
le to
land
ed p
rope
rty p
rem
ises
onl
y.
For
the
high
ris
e re
side
ntia
l, a
daily
col
lect
ion
has
to b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t du
e to
hig
h
gene
ratio
n of
was
te.
The
tota
l cos
t for
the
vario
us s
ervi
ces
are
foun
d in
the
tabl
e be
low
:
Tabl
e 3:
Cos
ts fo
r Was
te C
olle
ctio
n, T
rans
fer a
nd D
ispo
sal a
t Lan
dfill
Ope
ratio
n C
ost p
er T
on
(RM
)
Col
lect
ion
70.0
0
Tran
sfer
35
.90
Land
fill
27.0
0
Tota
l
132
.90
US
D
35.0
0
Indu
stria
l Was
te:
Mos
t of
the
ind
ustri
al p
rem
ises
hav
e th
eir
own
cont
ract
with
con
tract
ors.
The
frequ
ency
of c
olle
ctio
n de
pend
s on
the
dem
and
and
need
s of
the
parti
cula
r ind
ustry
.
Maj
ority
of
the
indu
strie
s pr
efer
the
Ror
o bi
n sy
stem
due
to
heav
y ge
nera
tion
of
garb
age
and
avai
labi
lity
of s
pace
to
plac
e th
e R
oro
bin.
It
is b
eing
a p
refe
renc
e
beca
use
it is
con
veni
ent
and
fast
. It
is e
asy
to r
emov
e an
d re
plac
e w
ithou
t m
uch
labo
ur fo
rce
and
the
capa
city
sui
ts th
e ge
nera
tion
of w
aste
.
Bul
k W
aste
:
The
Cou
ncil
prov
ides
a f
ree
wee
kly
bulk
was
te t
o th
e pu
blic
. N
ever
thel
ess,
if
the
publ
ic n
eeds
an
urge
nt s
ervi
ce o
utsi
de th
e co
llect
ion
day,
he
or s
he w
ill ha
ve to
pay
RM
50.
00 fo
r a tr
ip o
f cle
aran
ce.
The
char
ge le
vied
is a
sub
sidi
sed
rate
at R
M50
.00
per t
rip c
ompa
re to
priv
ate
lorr
y
com
pany
that
cha
rges
aro
und
RM
220.
00 p
er tr
ip.
20
Sea
Was
te:
Sin
ce C
ounc
il is
als
o th
e au
thor
ity w
ithin
1 n
autic
al m
ile o
ff th
e co
ast,
the
task
of s
ea
clea
ning
is th
e re
spon
sibl
e of
the
Cou
ncil.
Fol
low
ing
that
, on
Janu
ary
2001
the
Stat
e
Gov
ernm
ent
appo
inte
d 2
cont
ract
ors
to c
lean
the
sea
und
er t
he s
uper
visi
on o
f th
e
Cou
ncil.
Boa
ts a
nd n
ettin
gs a
re u
sed
in c
arry
ing
out t
he jo
b. T
he fr
eque
ncy
of s
ea
clea
ning
is
4 tim
es a
wee
k. G
arba
ge c
olle
cted
is
dum
ped
at d
emar
cate
d la
ndin
g
poin
ts a
nd la
ter c
olle
cted
by
tippe
rs to
the
Tran
sfer
Sta
tion.
Beac
h cl
eani
ng
is
inco
rpor
ated
in
th
e se
a cl
eani
ng
prog
ram
me.
A
sepa
rate
cont
ract
or w
as a
ppoi
nted
by
the
Cou
ncil
to c
arry
out
the
job.
The
bea
ch c
lean
ing
is
carr
ied
out d
aily
exc
ept S
unda
y.
Tabl
e 4:
Cos
ts o
f Was
te C
olle
ctio
n M
PPP
C
ON
TRA
CTO
R
PR
IVAT
E TO
TAL
DIS
-
PO
SE
D
AVE
RA
GE
@D
AY
AM
OU
NT
PAID
CO
ST/
TON
(TO
N)
(TO
N)
(TO
N)
(TO
N)
(TO
N)
(RM
) TO
N
YEA
R
(RM
)
1998
45
,813
12
7,31
9 1,
554
174,
686
479
8,41
3,59
7 66
.08
1999
47
,580
12
7,71
5 2,
778
178,
073
487
9,32
3,40
9 73
2000
49
,595
14
6,09
1 3,
499
199,
185
545
9,86
0,71
9 67
.49
2001
44
,656
14
6,31
0 8,
912
199,
878
547
10,2
27,2
67
69.9
2002
47
,901
.29
152,
875.
10
37,2
06.8
123
7,98
3.20
652
10,5
68,9
43
69.1
3
5.2
THE
TRA
NSF
ER S
TATI
ON
Th
e C
ounc
il ha
s a
trans
fer s
tatio
n lo
cate
d at
Bat
u M
aung
, Sou
thea
st o
f the
Isla
nd. I
t
was
bui
lt an
d op
erat
ed b
y a
priv
ate
cont
ract
or a
ppoi
nted
by
the
Cou
ncil.
The
Cou
ncil
pays
the
com
pany
RM
660.
000
per m
onth
bas
ing
on th
e fo
rmul
a A
x D
x
R.
as a
gree
d up
on.
A =
Ave
rage
Dai
ly T
onna
ge F
or T
he F
irst
Six
Mon
th O
f
Com
men
cem
ent O
f Ser
vice
s, D
= D
ays
30.4
2, R
= R
ate
of R
M 3
5.90
per
ton.
21
On
Aug
ust 2
001,
Cou
ncil
had
inst
ruct
ed a
ll or
gani
c w
aste
to b
e di
spos
ed a
t the
Bat
u
Mau
ng T
rans
fer S
tatio
n. T
he T
rans
fer S
tatio
n op
ens
daily
from
6.3
0 am
to 1
0.00
pm
.
How
ever
, the
Cou
ncil
has
the
right
to in
stru
ct th
e Tr
ansf
er S
tatio
n to
be
open
ed to
the
desi
red
time.
On
fest
ive
seas
ons,
the
Tran
sfer
Sta
tion
will
oper
ate
24 h
ours
.
The
Tran
sfer
Sta
tion
occu
pies
an
area
of
1.29
5 he
ctar
es in
clus
ive
of in
gres
s an
d
egre
ss o
f veh
icle
s, a
wei
ghbr
idge
, an
offic
e, lo
rrie
s pa
rkin
g ba
ys a
nd a
jetty
.
The
wei
ghbr
idge
bel
ongs
to th
e C
ounc
il an
d it
is e
quip
ped
with
com
pute
rs to
rec
ord
daily
act
iviti
es o
n si
te.
The
Tran
sfer
Sta
tion
prov
ides
8 b
ays
for g
arba
ge v
ehic
les
to d
ump
the
garb
age
into
met
al c
onta
iner
s re
adily
ava
ilabl
e. E
ach
cont
aine
r co
uld
cont
ain
12 t
o 15
ton
s of
garb
age.
Fully
lade
n co
ntai
ners
are
tran
spor
ted
onto
bar
ges
by lo
rrie
s. E
ach
barg
e co
uld
load
up 1
5 to
20
cont
aine
rs d
epen
ding
on
the
size
of
the
barg
e. T
here
are
4 b
arge
s
oper
atin
g cu
rren
tly.
Con
tain
ers
are
take
n to
a s
anita
ry la
ndfil
l on
the
mai
nlan
d vi
a se
a 22
nau
tical
mile
s
off
Pen
ang
Isla
nd. T
rans
porta
tion
by s
ea ta
kes
abou
t 3 1
/2 to
4 h
ours
to r
each
the
sani
tary
land
fill d
epen
ding
on
tides
and
cur
rent
.
The
cont
aine
rs a
re fu
lly c
over
ed to
avo
id g
arba
ge fa
lling
into
the
sea
due
to s
trong
win
ds a
t tim
es.
The
barg
es a
re d
esig
ned
in s
uch
man
ner
that
trap
s al
l lea
chat
e fro
m th
e co
ntai
ners
into
the
hull
thus
avo
idin
g th
e po
llutio
n of
sea
. Lea
chat
e fro
m th
e ba
rges
as
wel
l as
from
the
Tra
nsfe
r St
atio
n ar
e pu
mpe
d in
to t
anks
and
tra
nspo
rted
to t
he s
anita
ry
land
fill
for
treat
men
t. V
ecto
rs a
nd o
dour
con
trol
are
bein
g ca
rrie
d ou
t th
roug
h th
e
oper
atio
n.
22
5.3
THE
LAN
DFI
LL
Pres
ently
the
Cou
ncil
is u
sing
2 la
ndfil
ls. T
he 2
land
fill a
re :
1. J
elut
ong
Land
fill s
ituat
ed in
out
skirt
of G
eorg
etow
n C
ity, P
enan
g Is
land
2. P
ulau
Bur
ong
Land
fill s
ituat
ed in
mai
nlan
d S
eber
ang
Pera
i
Jelu
tong
Lan
dfill
- is
not a
san
itary
land
fill.
It is
bas
ical
ly a
dum
ping
gro
und.
It ha
s a
land
are
a of
20
hact
ares
. Cur
rent
ly th
e la
ndfil
l cat
ers
for
non-
orga
nic
was
te
only
. Th
e C
ounc
il pl
anne
d to
upg
rade
the
land
fill t
o le
vel 1
by
the
year
200
4. T
he
Cou
ncil
owns
and
ope
rate
s th
e la
ndfil
l. It
was
a r
ecla
imed
land
that
bel
onge
d to
the
Sta
te G
over
nmen
t.
The
Pul
au B
uron
g S
anita
ry L
andf
ill –
It is
a l
evel
3 s
anita
ry l
andf
ill.
A p
rivat
e
com
pany
app
oint
ed b
y th
e S
tate
Gov
ernm
ent o
pera
tes
the
sani
tary
land
fill.
It ha
s an
area
of 6
6 he
ctar
es w
ith a
n op
erat
iona
l are
a of
33
hect
ares
. Cur
rent
ly th
e op
erat
or is
upgr
adin
g th
e la
ndfil
l to
leve
l 4. I
t is
expe
cted
to b
e at
leve
l 4 b
y th
e en
d of
this
yea
r
(200
3)
The
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il bo
ught
a p
ortio
n of
the
land
fill f
rom
S
eber
ang
Per
ai
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il an
d sh
ared
the
land
fill.
A d
esig
nate
d sp
ot is
rese
rved
spe
cial
ly fo
r
garb
age
from
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il. A
lthou
gh P
enan
g M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
shar
es
the
grou
nd w
ith S
eber
ang
Pera
i Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il, g
arba
ge f
rom
bot
h co
unci
l are
not m
ixed
.
The
Pul
au B
uron
g la
ndfil
l has
a je
tty to
rec
eive
gar
bage
from
the
Isla
nd o
f Pen
ang
but t
here
is n
o w
eigh
brid
ge a
s w
eigh
ing
is b
eing
don
e at
the
Bat
u M
aung
Tra
nsfe
r
Stat
ion.
The
san
itary
lan
dfill
is
of t
he F
ukuo
ka T
ype
know
n to
be
first
of
its k
ind
outs
ide
Japa
n w
hen
it w
as c
onst
ruct
ed in
Aug
ust
2001
.It is
equ
ippe
d w
ith p
rimar
y
and
seco
ndar
y le
ach
ate
treat
men
t pla
nt.
23
Sinc
e th
e sa
nita
ry la
ndfil
l is
by th
e se
a, c
onst
ant m
onito
ring
of s
ea p
ollu
tion
is b
eing
carr
ied
out.
The
mon
itorin
g is
co
nduc
ted
by
the
Dep
artm
ent
of
Env
ironm
ent,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Sci
ence
Mal
aysi
a an
d th
e co
mpa
ny’s
lab.
The
land
fill h
andl
es a
bout
150
0 to
ns p
er d
ay fr
om b
oth
loca
l cou
ncils
. The
life
spa
n
of t
he la
ndfil
l is
expe
cted
to
last
for
ano
ther
4 y
ear
with
pre
sent
33
hect
ares
. Th
e
Pena
ng M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
pays
a t
ippi
ng f
ee o
f R
M32
per
ton
for
indu
stria
l was
te
and
RM
27 p
er to
n fo
r dom
estic
was
te. A
n av
erag
e of
mor
e th
an h
alf a
milli
on ri
nggi
t
is b
eing
pai
d m
onth
ly to
the
com
pany
.
5.4
REC
YCLI
NG
PR
OG
RA
MM
E M
alay
sia
laun
ched
its
firs
t re
cycl
ing
prog
ram
me
in t
he e
arly
80’
s w
ith t
he c
aptio
n
“Gun
a Se
mul
a” w
hich
mea
ns R
EUS
E. It
was
late
r cha
nged
in th
e ea
rly 9
0’s
to “K
itar
Sem
ula”
whi
ch m
eans
RE
CYC
LE.
Was
te R
ecyc
ling
Pro
gram
me
in P
enan
g, M
alay
sia
The
solid
was
te m
anag
emen
t stra
tegy
of t
he S
tate
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Pen
ang,
Mal
aysi
a,
revo
lves
aro
und
Was
te R
ecyc
ling
and
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery,
a s
trate
gy w
hich
has
been
fre
quen
tly a
nnou
nced
by
Y.B
. D
ato’
Dr.
Teng
Hoc
k N
an,
the
Sta
te E
xco
Mem
ber
in c
harg
e of
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t, Tr
affic
Man
agem
ent,
Info
rmat
ion
and
Com
mun
ity R
elat
ions
.
Was
te R
ecyc
ling
in P
enan
g an
d M
alay
sia
date
s ba
ck a
long
tim
e –
from
the
days
of
the
“ting
-ting
bot
ol m
an”,
the
man
who
wen
t ho
use
to h
ouse
to
colle
ct b
ottle
s an
d
met
al c
onta
iner
s.
Whe
n th
e Fe
dera
l Min
istry
of H
ousi
ng a
nd L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Mal
aysi
a, la
unch
ed it
s
first
was
te r
ecyc
ling
cam
paig
n in
199
3, t
he P
enan
g S
tate
Gov
ernm
ent
faith
fully
follo
wed
with
a k
erb-
side
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e in
Hills
ide,
Tan
jong
Bun
gah.
24
In 2
000,
the
Fed
eral
Min
istry
impl
emen
ted
the
3-co
lour
ed b
in s
yste
m –
bro
wn
for
glas
s,
blue
fo
r pa
per
and
oran
ge
for
plas
tic
and
met
al.
The
Pen
ang
Sta
te
Gov
ernm
ent f
ollo
wed
in 2
001.
In 2
002,
the
Fed
eral
Min
istry
pro
vide
d fu
nds
to l
ocal
gov
ernm
ents
to
build
was
te
recy
clin
g co
llect
ion
cent
res.
Pen
ang
was
luck
y to
rec
eive
thes
e fu
nds
and
has
built
seve
ral c
entre
s.
On
12th
Oct
ober
200
2, Y
.A.B
. Tan
Sri
Dr.
Koh
Tsu
Koo
n, C
hief
Min
iste
r of
Pen
ang,
laun
ched
Pen
ang’
s C
omm
unity
Rec
yclin
g Pr
ogra
mm
e, a
fter
a 2-
year
pilo
t pr
ojec
t
prov
ed s
ucce
ssfu
l.
Toda
y, P
enan
g’s
was
te r
ecyc
ling
and
safe
dis
posa
l pro
gram
me
incl
udes
(1)
was
te
recy
clin
g of
ino
rgan
ic g
ener
al w
aste
, (2
) sa
fe d
ispo
sal
of h
azar
dous
was
te,
(3)
com
post
ing
of
orga
nic
was
te
and
(4)
recy
clin
g an
d sa
fe
disp
osal
of
e-
was
te
(ele
ctric
al a
nd e
lect
roni
c w
aste
).
Like
in
othe
r pa
rts o
f th
e co
untry
, re
cycl
ing
and
safe
dis
posa
l of
che
mic
al a
nd
heal
thca
re w
aste
are
sup
ervi
sed
by th
e D
epar
tmen
t of E
nviro
nmen
t (D
OE)
.
In P
enan
g, th
e C
hief
Min
iste
r of
Pen
ang
laun
ched
the
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e in
199
3
as p
ilot p
roje
cts
in 2
hou
sing
are
as. T
he p
rogr
amm
e st
arte
d w
ell b
ut w
ithou
t a p
rope
r
Publ
ic P
rivat
e Pa
rtner
ship
s fo
r th
e U
rban
Env
ironm
ent
(PPP
UE)
app
roac
h. T
he
prog
ram
me
is s
till s
urvi
ving
but
har
dly
livin
g. T
he p
artie
s in
volv
ed in
the
prog
ram
me
are
the
resi
dent
s of
the
hou
sing
are
a, a
rec
yclin
g ve
ndor
and
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al
Cou
ncil.
Pena
ng M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
took
a d
iffer
ent
appr
oach
. W
e go
t th
e N
GO
s an
d th
e
publ
ic in
volv
ed. T
he C
ounc
il ca
mpa
igne
d fo
r m
ore
recy
clin
g ve
ndor
s to
regi
ster
with
the
Cou
ncil.
The
Cou
ncil
star
ted
with
onl
y 6
vend
ors,
4 fr
om P
enan
g its
elf a
nd 2
from
the
capi
tal c
ity, K
uala
Lum
pur.
Toda
y th
e C
ounc
il ha
s 28
ven
dors
inv
olve
d in
the
Pen
ang
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e. T
he u
se o
f th
e ve
ndor
sys
tem
is w
orka
ble
and
sust
aina
ble.
Thro
ugh
the
syst
em th
e C
ounc
il is
bei
ng k
ept f
ree
from
the
colle
ctio
n jo
bs a
nd a
ble
25
to c
once
ntra
te m
ore
on th
e ed
ucat
ion
and
prom
otio
n pa
rt of
it. I
t als
o cr
eate
s a
win
-
win
situ
atio
n to
all
parti
es in
volv
ed.
The
Cou
ncil
prov
ides
free
dom
for
the
publ
ic to
cho
ose
whi
chev
er v
endo
rs th
ey fe
el
com
forta
ble
with
to d
o th
e co
llect
ion
of re
cycl
able
s.
Pena
ng re
gist
ered
a re
cycl
ing
rate
of 8
.25%
in th
e Ye
ar 2
003
but i
n 20
04 le
aped
to 1
5.56
%, u
noffi
cial
rat
es p
ut th
is fi
gure
s hi
gher
at u
p to
20%
(ba
sed
on e
stim
ated
wei
ght
of r
ecyc
labl
es b
y Iti
nera
nt W
aste
Buy
ers
not
capt
ured
by
MPP
P’s
surv
ey)
This
hig
her t
han
the
natio
nal a
vera
ge o
f 3-
5%.
The
othe
r ap
proa
ch u
sed
is t
hrou
gh t
he i
nvol
vem
ent
of P
enan
g En
viro
nmen
tal
Wor
king
Gro
up k
now
n as
PE
WO
G. P
EWO
G is
und
er th
e au
spic
es o
f Pen
ang
Loca
l
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
sulta
tive
Foru
m (
PLG
CF)
, w
hich
is d
irect
ly u
nder
the
aut
horit
y of
the
Sta
te G
over
nmen
t. Th
is i
s a
volu
ntar
y w
orki
ng g
roup
(LA
21
styl
ed)
that
is
activ
ely
invo
lved
in
plan
ning
and
im
plem
entin
g pr
ogra
mm
es w
ith P
enan
g Is
land
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il.
26
Tabl
e 5:
Rec
yclin
g To
nnag
e fr
om 1
993
- 200
4
Year
Was
te
(met
ric
tons
) Pe
r Ye
ar
Was
te
(met
ric
tons
) pe
r da
y
R
ecyc
ling
Wei
ghts
(M
etric
To
ns)
Tot
al
Was
te
Gen
erat
ed
(Met
ric
Tons
) R
ecyc
ling
Rat
es %
(A
) (B
) (C
)
(A+C
=D)
(C/D
)
1992
18
4,81
250
5
1993
20
5,97
356
4
40.8
3
206,
013.
83
0.02
%
1994
23
2,62
563
7
91.8
9
232,
716.
89
0.04
%
1995
19
2,01
652
6
126.
74
19
2,14
2.74
0.
07%
1996
18
7,92
151
5
300.
41
18
8,22
1.41
0.
16%
1997
18
4,77
650
6
85.2
5
184,
861.
25
0.05
%
1998
17
4,68
647
9
74.6
0
174,
760.
60
0.04
%
1999
17
8,07
348
7
75.2
0
178,
148.
20
0.04
%
2000
19
9,18
554
5
57.5
4
199,
242.
54
0.03
%
2001
19
9,87
854
7
319.
63
20
0,19
7.63
0.
16%
2002
23
7,98
365
2
3,84
4.74
241,
827.
74
1.59
%
2003
25
2,21
569
1
22,6
69.2
9
274,
884.
29
8.25
%
2004
23
9,24
265
5
44,0
93.1
7
283,
335.
17
15.5
6%
27
To a
chie
ve t
his
is n
o ea
sy f
eat
and
diffe
rent
app
roac
hes
wer
e us
ed t
o in
crea
se
publ
ic a
war
enes
s an
d ed
ucat
ion.
The
follo
win
g ap
proa
ches
wer
e em
ploy
ed.
1. D
irect
App
roac
h: (A
pac
kage
: Tal
ks +
Rec
ycle
Bin
Sup
ply)
M
PPP
cond
ucts
it’s
ow
n ca
mpa
ign
dire
ctly
with
the
targ
et g
roup
thro
ugh
talk
s,
brie
fings
and
exh
ibiti
ons.
Ta
rget
gr
oups
ar
e no
rmal
ly
Scho
ols,
H
ighe
r Le
arni
ng
Inst
itutio
ns,
Kind
erga
rten,
Org
anis
atio
ns, F
acto
ries,
Priv
ate
Firm
s, H
ospi
tals
, Gov
ernm
ent
Age
ncie
s, A
ssoc
iatio
ns, N
GO
s et
c.
Ta
rget
gro
ups
wer
e ta
ught
in d
etai
l the
Dos
and
Don
’ts a
nd w
hat m
ater
ial c
an
be re
cycl
ed a
nd w
hat c
anno
t be
recy
cled
Pu
blic
ed
ucat
ion
cam
paig
ns
wer
e co
nduc
ted
thro
ugh
KAP
(K
now
ledg
e,
Atti
tude
, P
ract
ice)
, 3
P (
Pas
sion
, P
atie
nce,
Pat
ient
) 3
R (
Red
uce,
Reu
se,
Rec
ycle
)
AVA
is w
idel
y us
ed in
this
app
roac
h. S
ampl
es a
nd d
ispl
ays
are
very
ess
entia
l
to d
emon
stra
te w
hat w
aste
sep
arat
ion
is a
ll ab
out.
M
ore
of m
otiv
atin
g ap
proa
ch u
sed
durin
g ta
lks
and
brie
fing
2. V
endo
rs A
ppro
ach:
The
Ven
dor S
yste
m w
as in
trodu
ced
to th
e co
mm
unity
to e
nsur
e a
sust
aina
ble
and
mor
e sy
stem
atic
col
lect
ion.
Thi
s S
yste
m le
aves
a fr
ee h
and
for
MPP
P to
focu
s on
fu
ture
pl
anni
ng,
new
st
rate
gies
an
d ot
her
envi
ronm
enta
l
prog
ram
mes
. Th
ere
is l
ittle
nee
d fo
r th
e lo
cal
auth
ority
to
focu
s on
the
colle
ctio
n is
sue
as th
is is
sel
f sus
tain
ing.
24 c
ompa
nies
are
list
ed a
s re
cycl
ing
vend
ors
pres
ently
. V
endo
rs li
st in
the
form
of
a R
ecyc
ling
Dire
ctor
y is
dis
tribu
ted
to p
ublic
/ c
omm
unity
nor
mal
ly
afte
r the
talk
s
The
Pub
lic a
re g
iven
the
rig
ht t
o ch
oose
whi
chev
er c
ompa
ny (
vend
or)
they
feel
com
forta
ble
to w
ork
with
.
28
3. N
etw
orki
ng A
ppro
ach:
a)
Ven
dors
Net
wor
king
–
The
Vend
ors
Net
wor
king
con
cept
was
int
rodu
ced
to a
ll th
e lis
ted
vend
ors
thro
ugh
wor
ksho
ps o
r m
eetin
gs.
Ven
dors
are
req
uire
d to
col
lect
all
kind
of
recy
clab
les
with
no
exce
ptio
ns.
They
wer
e in
trodu
ced
to e
ach
othe
r du
ring
wor
ksho
ps o
r mee
tings
Vend
ors
are
requ
ired
to s
tate
thei
r pre
fere
nces
and
spe
cial
ty in
the
item
s th
ye
colle
ct e
.g. g
lass
, pla
stic
e-w
aste
etc
. Ve
ndor
s ar
e th
en
able
to
ei
ther
exch
ange
thei
r rec
ycla
bles
or t
rade
with
eac
h ot
her
b) P
ublic
- P
rivat
e N
etw
orki
ng:
Appr
oach
us
ed
is
thro
ugh
a st
ruct
ure
intro
duce
d by
U
nite
d N
atio
n
Dev
elop
men
t Pro
gram
me
(UN
DP
) w
hich
is k
now
n as
PPP
UE
(Pub
lic P
rivat
e
Partn
ersh
ip fo
r Urb
an E
nviro
nmen
t)
c) P
EWO
G N
etw
orki
ng:
PE
WO
G w
as e
stab
lishe
d un
der
the
Pen
ang
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
sulta
tive
Foru
m (
PLG
CF)
by
the
Pen
ang
Stat
e G
over
nmen
t. M
embe
rs o
f PE
WO
G –
MP
PP
, M
PS
P,
DO
E,
NG
Os,
Env
ironm
enta
l A
ctiv
ists
, C
AP,
MN
S,
Nat
iona
l
Poi
son
Cen
tre,
Rec
ycle
Com
pani
es,
and
indi
vidu
als.
Stra
tegi
es a
re p
lann
ed
and
impl
emen
ted
thro
ugh
this
ne
twor
king
ta
king
in
to
cons
ider
atio
n th
e
com
men
ts a
nd d
eman
ds b
y th
e pu
blic
.
RECY
CLIN
G W
HEE
L
PRO
CESS
SOR
S(D
ism
antle
rs, C
rush
ers e
tc)
BUY
ERS
BUY
ERS
CON
SUM
ER/W
AST
E G
ENER
ATO
R(P
eopl
e, C
ompa
nies
, etc
.)
AG
ENTS
(Bus
ines
s)
COLL
ECTO
RS(C
omm
unity
)C
ON
VER
TER
S(B
usin
ess)
GO
VER
NM
ENT
(Coo
rdin
ator
)
CON
SUM
ER/W
AST
E G
ENER
ATO
R(P
eopl
e, C
ompa
nies
, etc
.)
AG
ENTS
(Bus
ines
s)
COLL
ECTO
RS(C
omm
unity
)C
ON
VER
TER
S(B
usin
ess)
GO
VER
NM
ENT
(Coo
rdin
ator
)
29
Dat
o D
r O
ng h
ean
Tee,
Cha
irman
of P
EWO
G a
ptly
sum
mar
izes
the
role
s of
the
vario
us s
take
hold
ers
in th
e R
ecyc
ling
Whe
el d
iagr
am a
bove
.
6. P
EWO
G –
A S
MA
RT
PAR
TNER
SHIP
BET
WEE
N L
OC
AL
GO
VER
NM
ENT,
PR
IVA
TE S
ECTO
R &
CO
MM
UN
ITIE
S Th
e Pe
nang
Env
ironm
ent W
orki
ng G
roup
(PE
WO
G)
is a
con
sulta
tive,
pla
nnin
g an
d
coor
dina
ting
envi
ronm
enta
l bod
y se
t up
by th
e S
tate
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t Com
mitt
ee
of P
enan
g, M
alay
sia.
PEW
OG
is a
wor
king
gro
up s
et u
p by
the
Pen
ang
Loca
l Gov
ernm
ent
Con
sulta
tive
Foru
m w
hen
the
Foru
m w
as fo
rmed
in Y
ear 2
000
by Y
.B. D
ato’
Dr.
Teng
Hoc
k N
an,
Stat
e Ex
ecut
ive
Cou
ncil
Mem
ber
and
Cha
irman
of
th
e Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Envi
ronm
ent a
nd T
raffi
c M
anag
emen
t Com
mitt
ee, S
tate
Gov
ernm
ent o
f Pen
ang.
(The
C
omm
ittee
w
as
rena
med
th
e Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Traf
fic
Man
agem
ent,
Info
rmat
ion
and
Com
mun
ity
Rel
atio
ns
Com
mitt
ee
afte
r th
e co
untry
’s
Gen
eral
Elec
tions
in M
arch
200
4).
6.1
PEW
OG
’s V
isio
n To
be
a co
ntrib
utin
g an
d in
tern
atio
nally
reco
gniz
ed e
nviro
nmen
tal b
ody.
6.2
PEW
OG
’s M
issi
on
To a
ssis
t the
Pen
ang
Stat
e G
over
nmen
t and
the
Mal
aysi
an F
eder
al G
over
nmen
t to
achi
eve
a cl
ean
and
safe
livi
ng e
nviro
nmen
t for
the
peop
le o
f Pen
ang
and
Mal
aysi
a.
6.3
Obj
ectiv
e To
be
a cl
earin
g ho
use
of e
nviro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s in
the
Stat
e of
Pen
ang,
par
ticul
arly
in
loca
l gov
ernm
ent,
envi
ronm
ent,
agric
ultu
re a
nd e
co-to
uris
m.
6.4
Wor
king
mod
e
A co
nsul
tativ
e an
d co
oper
ativ
e tri
parti
te (
LA21
) fo
rum
for
com
mun
ity,
gove
rnm
ent
and
priv
ate
sect
or t
o w
ork
toge
ther
on
envi
ronm
enta
l mat
ters
con
cern
ing
Pena
ng,
Mal
aysi
a an
d th
e W
orld
. PE
WO
G’s
pro
ject
s ar
e fu
nded
par
tially
by
the
Pen
ang
Sta
te
30
Gov
ernm
ent
with
con
tribu
tions
fro
m p
rivat
e se
ctor
s an
d vo
lunt
eer
effo
rts f
rom
its
mem
bers
. Th
e C
hairm
ansh
ip i
s he
aded
by
Dat
o D
r O
ng H
ean
Tee
who
is
also
curr
ently
the
Stat
e R
ecyc
ling
Prog
ram
me
Coo
rdin
ator
.
6.5
Mem
bers
hip
PEW
OG
is m
ade
up o
f 25
and
mor
e in
divi
dual
s an
d bo
dies
fro
m t
he c
omm
unity
,
gove
rnm
ent a
nd p
rivat
e se
ctor
in P
enan
g.
Com
mun
ity m
embe
rs in
clud
e:
1. Is
land
Par
k R
ukun
Tet
angg
a (N
eigh
bour
hood
) Mov
emen
t (R
TIP)
2. M
alay
sian
Nat
ure
Soc
iety
(MN
S), P
enan
g Br
anch
3. P
enan
g In
shor
e Fi
sher
men
’s W
elfa
re A
ssoc
iatio
n (P
IFW
A)
4. C
onsu
mer
s’As
soci
atio
n of
Pen
ang
(CAP
)
5. D
alat
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sch
ool
6. G
reen
Lan
e C
omm
unity
Cen
tre (G
LCC
)
7. S
ahab
at A
lam
Mal
aysi
a (S
AM)
8. In
divi
dual
s fro
m th
e co
mm
unity
.
Gov
ernm
ent m
embe
rs in
clud
e:
1. M
ajlis
Per
band
aran
Pul
au P
inan
g (M
PPP
, Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il of
Pen
ang
Isla
nd)
2. M
ajlis
Per
band
aran
Seb
eran
g P
erai
(MPS
P, M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
of S
eber
ang
Per
ai)
3. J
abat
an A
lam
Sek
itar (
Dep
artm
ent o
f Env
ironm
ent,
DO
E)
4. J
abat
an P
enga
iran
dan
Sal
iran
(Dra
inag
e &
Irrig
atio
n D
epar
tmen
t, D
ID)
5. P
usat
Rac
un N
egar
a, U
nive
rsiti
Sai
ns M
alay
sia
(Nat
iona
l Poi
sons
Cen
tre).
Priv
ate
sect
or m
embe
rs in
clud
e:
1. E
e S
heng
Hua
t Sdn
. Bhd
.
2. E
uras
ia E
xpre
ss S
dn. B
hd.
3. Id
aman
Ber
sih
Sdn
. Bhd
.
4. L
HT
Kita
rsem
ula
Sdn.
Bhd
.
5. M
uda
Hol
ding
s Bh
d.
6. N
KH
Car
tridg
es T
radi
ng
7. P
inan
g R
esou
rces
Sdn
. Bhd
.
8. S
inar
an M
atah
ari (
SIM
A)
9. A
lif T
ekno
logi
(M) S
dn. B
hd.
31
10. C
entra
l Mal
aya
Pap
er S
dn. B
hd.
11. E
lizar
Env
iro C
onsu
lt S
dn. B
hd.
12. O
K Sc
rap
Trad
ing
Inte
rnat
iona
l Lin
kage
s
1. G
loba
l Allia
nce
for I
ncin
erat
or A
ltern
ativ
es (G
AIA)
2. W
aste
Not
Asi
a.
They
are
see
king
link
ages
to:
3. H
ealth
Car
e W
ithou
t Har
m (H
CW
H)
4. T
oxic
Lin
ks.
The
Com
mun
ity P
rogr
amm
e is
coo
rdin
ated
by
the
Envi
ronm
ent
Wor
king
Gro
up o
f
the
Pena
ng L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent
Con
sulta
tive
Foru
m,
unde
r th
e pa
trona
ge o
f th
e
Pena
ng
Exco
C
omm
ittee
on
Lo
cal
Gov
ernm
ent,
Env
ironm
ent
and
Traf
fic
Man
agem
ent.
The
Rec
yclin
g P
rogr
amm
e in
Pen
ang
has
thre
e ph
ases
:
(1) P
hase
O
ne:
Pilo
t Pr
ojec
t of
th
e C
omm
unity
R
ecyc
ling
Prog
ram
me
and
Aw
aren
ess
Cam
paig
n fro
m 3
1st J
uly
2001
to 3
0th
July
200
2 (o
ne y
ear)
(2) P
hase
Tw
o: I
nfor
mat
ion
Col
lect
ion
and
Dis
sem
inat
ion
Prog
ram
me
from
31s
t Jul
y
2002
to 3
0th
July
200
3 (o
ne y
ear)
, and
(3) P
hase
Thr
ee:
Exp
ansi
on o
f the
Com
mun
ity R
ecyc
ling
Pro
gram
me
from
31s
t Jul
y
2003
to 3
1st D
ecem
ber 2
005
(two
and
a ha
lf ye
ars)
.
PEW
OG
has
als
o or
gani
zed
awar
enes
s ca
mpa
igns
, se
min
ars,
wor
ksho
ps a
nd
exhi
bitio
ns t
o pr
omot
e re
cycl
ing.
App
reci
atio
n C
ertif
icat
es h
ave
also
bee
n aw
arde
d
to r
ecyc
ling
agen
ts, o
rgan
isat
ions
and
indi
vidu
als
who
are
act
ive
in r
ecyc
ling
in th
e
Sta
te.
Thro
ugh
PEW
OG
’s A
war
enes
s C
ampa
ign,
abo
ut 1
50 c
omm
uniti
es a
nd o
ther
bod
ies
have
st
arte
d th
eir
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
es
with
or
w
ithou
t as
sist
ance
fro
m
the
gove
rnm
ent.
32
Ong
oing
and
fut
ure
prog
ram
mes
inc
lude
the
sep
arat
ion
of w
et a
nd d
ry w
aste
at
hous
ehol
d le
vel
and
its
colle
ctio
n,
com
mun
ity
com
post
ing
as
wel
l as
th
e
esta
blis
hmen
ts o
f co
mm
unity
res
ourc
e re
cove
ry c
entre
s. P
enan
g is
als
o th
e fir
st
Stat
e to
pu
blis
h a
recy
clin
g gu
ideb
ook
as
wel
l as
a
man
ual
for
hous
ehol
d
com
post
ing.
We
are
look
ing
into
big
sca
le c
omm
erci
al c
ompo
stin
g to
hel
p re
mov
e
arou
nd 4
0-50
% o
f wet
, org
anic
was
te fr
om th
e w
aste
stre
am.
33
7. P
RES
ENT
SWM
SC
ENA
RIO
IN P
ENA
NG
Th
e fo
llow
ing
scen
ario
s fro
m t
he c
omm
unity
, pr
ivat
e se
ctor
and
loc
al a
utho
ritie
s
shou
ld b
e ta
ken
into
acc
ount
to
prov
ide
an o
vera
ll vi
ew o
f ex
istin
g ef
forts
and
prog
ram
mes
:
7.1
Com
mun
ity
• A
ctiv
e re
cycl
ing
in c
omm
uniti
es g
oing
on
and
grow
ing
with
the
parti
cipa
tion
of
175
com
mun
ities
suc
h as
RTs
, R
As,
JKK
Ks,
NG
Os,
Ins
titut
ions
(su
ch a
s
scho
ols,
un
iver
sitie
s,
hosp
itals
), co
mm
erci
al
bodi
es
(suc
h as
pr
ivat
e
busi
ness
es, t
radi
ng c
ompa
nies
and
fact
orie
s) a
nd G
over
nmen
t age
ncie
s
• Pe
nang
regi
ster
ed a
recy
clin
g ra
te o
f 15.
5% (2
004)
• A
war
enes
s of
rec
yclin
g am
ong
the
publ
ic a
nd w
illin
gnes
s to
rec
ycle
is h
igh
but
the
lack
of
infra
stru
ctur
e su
ppor
t an
d le
gisl
atio
n ca
uses
a h
igh
leve
l of
frust
ratio
n th
at v
erge
s on
cyn
icis
m.
• R
elia
nce
on (
the
sam
e gr
oup
of)
volu
ntee
rs l
eave
s co
mm
unity
rec
yclin
g
prog
ram
mes
vul
nera
ble
to c
olla
pse
• H
ouse
hold
co
mpo
stin
g ef
forts
be
ing
prom
oted
an
d ha
ve
gain
ed
stro
ng
acce
ptan
ce a
mon
g th
e pe
ople
of P
enan
g
34
7.2
Priv
ate
Sect
or
• St
rong
rec
yclin
g ne
twor
ks h
ave
been
est
ablis
hed
for
certa
in c
omm
oditi
es
such
as
pa
per
and
met
al,
how
ever
, ot
her
linka
ges
need
to
be
fu
rther
stre
ngth
ened
to c
over
com
mod
ities
suc
h as
pla
stic
, gla
ss, w
ood
etc.
• C
ompe
titio
n an
d un
der c
uttin
g ex
ist a
mon
g re
cycl
ing
agen
ts a
nd b
uyer
s
• D
ell h
as in
trodu
ced
a H
ome
PC
Rec
yclin
g Pr
ogra
mm
e th
at o
ffers
take
bac
k of
com
pute
rs
and
perip
hera
ls.
In
conj
unct
ion
with
th
is,
seve
ral
perm
anen
t
colle
ctio
n ce
nter
s ha
ve b
een
set u
p w
ith th
e ai
d of
the
2 lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s.
• Th
e se
ctor
is
over
whe
lmin
gly
com
mod
ities
-orie
nted
and
pric
es a
re h
ighl
y
vola
tile
ofte
n re
sulti
ng in
non
-col
lect
ion
of c
erta
in r
ecyc
labl
es w
hen
the
pric
e
drop
s.
• A
few
far-
sigh
ted
entre
pren
eurs
are
set
ting
up re
sour
ce re
cove
ry c
ente
rs a
nd
wor
king
with
sho
ppin
g co
mpl
ex to
offe
r reb
ates
for p
arki
ng fo
r the
col
lect
ion
of
recy
clab
les.
• Th
ere
is a
dequ
ate
end-
use
mar
ket d
eman
d to
sup
port
the
recy
clin
g ac
tiviti
es
in P
enan
g.
• M
any
MN
Cs
have
inb
uilt
into
the
ir m
anag
emen
t a
prop
er a
nd s
yste
mat
ic
was
te d
ispo
sal
syst
em,
how
ever
, th
is d
oes
not
hold
tru
e fo
r m
any
SM
Is i
n
Pena
ng
7.3
Mun
icip
al
• Lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s ar
e ve
ry e
ffect
ive
solid
was
te m
anag
ers
• So
lid w
aste
col
lect
ion
is p
rivat
ized
out
to c
ontra
ctor
s
• Th
e w
aste
co
ntra
ctor
s ar
e al
read
y ex
ceed
ing
the
colle
ctio
n ef
ficie
ncy
achi
eved
by
the
conc
essi
onai
res
in th
e C
entra
l and
Sou
ther
n re
gion
s.
• W
aste
col
lect
ion
fees
to
the
cont
ract
ors
have
bee
n ra
ised
onl
y on
ce i
n 10
year
s.
• At
RM
27
per
ton
(RM
32
for
indu
stria
l was
te),
the
land
fill c
ost
is p
roba
bly
bein
g su
bsid
ised
.
• N
o co
sts
for
was
te d
ispo
sal a
nd m
anag
emen
t ar
e cu
rren
tly p
asse
d al
ong
to
resi
dent
s in
the
form
of a
dire
ct fe
e;
35
• Th
e P
enan
g w
aste
man
agem
ent s
yste
m is
in th
e pr
oces
s of
mod
erni
zatio
n,
• Bu
lk w
aste
and
non
-org
anic
was
te a
re d
umpe
d at
the
Jelu
tong
Lan
dfill.
The
se
cons
ist o
f fur
nitu
re, c
onst
ruct
ion
debr
is, r
efrig
erat
ors,
oth
er b
ulky
app
lianc
es,
bulk
met
als,
tree
s et
c
• Al
l co
llect
ed o
rgan
ic,
dom
estic
and
ind
ustri
al w
aste
are
tra
nspo
rted
to t
he
Cou
ncil’s
Mar
ine
Tran
sfer
Sta
tion
at B
atu
Mau
ng th
en tr
ansf
erre
d by
bar
rage
to th
e P
ulau
Bur
ung
San
itary
Lan
dfill
• Th
e Pu
lau
Buru
ng S
anita
ry la
ndfil
l is
pres
ently
bei
ng u
pgra
ded
from
a C
lass
III to
a C
lass
IV la
ndfil
l with
the
addi
tion
of le
acha
te tr
eatm
ent f
acili
ties.
• Li
fesp
an o
f lan
dfill
is li
mite
d an
d di
min
ishi
ng ra
pidl
y.
• Th
ere
is m
uch
diffi
culty
in g
ettin
g ne
w s
ite fo
r lan
dfill
• Th
e P
enan
g Is
land
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il ha
s in
itiat
ed h
ouse
hold
haz
ardo
us
was
te c
olle
ctio
n po
ints
in s
ever
al s
uper
mar
kets
and
wet
mar
kets
8. D
ECID
ING
ON
TH
E A
PPR
OPR
IATE
TEC
HN
OLO
GY
Ther
e ar
e va
rious
tec
hnol
ogie
s an
d op
tions
ava
ilabl
e to
sol
ve t
he p
robl
em o
f
mun
icip
al s
olid
was
te, h
owev
er, t
hese
sho
uld
not b
e tre
ated
as
stan
d al
one
solu
tions
but
mus
t be
int
egra
ted
with
oth
er f
acto
rs t
hat
affe
cts
the
over
all
situ
atio
n of
sol
id
was
te m
anag
emen
t.
Som
e pr
imar
y co
nsid
erat
ions
to lo
ok in
to in
the
proc
ess
of d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
are:
8.1
ISW
M H
iera
rchy
The
ISW
M
hier
arch
y of
sou
rce
redu
ctio
n, r
ecyc
ling,
was
te t
rans
form
atio
n an
d
land
fillin
g pr
ovid
es a
gen
eral
gui
de to
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent p
ract
ices
and
sho
uld
be
adhe
red
to.
Sele
ctio
n of
ap
prop
riate
te
chno
logi
es
shou
ld
cons
ider
th
e
prog
ram
mes
and
act
iviti
es t
hat a
re a
lread
y be
ing
impl
emen
ted
at e
ach
leve
l of
the
hier
arch
y.
36
8.2
App
ropr
iate
Mix
of d
iffer
ent T
echn
olog
ies
and
Alte
rnat
ives
Th
ere
is a
w
ide
varie
ty o
f al
tern
ativ
e pr
ogra
mm
es a
nd t
echn
olog
ies
that
are
avai
labl
e fo
r an
Inte
grat
ed S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t. S
ome
of th
e co
nsid
erat
ions
to
be ta
ken
into
acc
ount
in th
e ch
oice
of a
ppro
pria
te te
chno
logi
es th
at a
re :
1. A
mou
nt o
f was
te g
ener
ated
2. R
ecyc
ling
Rat
e
3. A
mou
nt o
f com
post
able
was
te
4. A
mou
nt o
f res
idua
l was
te to
land
fill.
5. E
nviro
nmen
tal f
riend
lines
s
6. S
ocia
l acc
epta
bilit
y
8.3
Flex
ibili
ty o
f cho
sen
tech
nolo
gies
to m
eet f
utur
e ch
alle
nges
and
cha
ngin
g sc
enar
ios
Sele
cted
ISW
M t
echn
olog
ies
shou
ld a
lso
addr
ess
futu
re c
halle
nges
and
cha
ngin
g
scen
ario
s an
d al
so b
e fle
xibl
e en
ough
to
adap
t to
the
m.
Som
e of
the
im
porta
nt
fact
ors
that
nee
d to
be
take
n in
to s
erio
us c
onsi
dera
tion
are:
1. C
hang
es th
e co
mpo
sitio
n of
the
was
te s
tream
suc
h as
the
effe
ct o
f rec
yclin
g
prog
ram
mes
and
sep
arat
ion
at s
ourc
e
2. C
hang
es in
the
amou
nt o
f the
was
te s
tream
3. C
hang
es in
the
mar
ket s
ituat
ion
of r
ecyc
labl
e ite
ms
such
as
pric
es o
f pap
er,
met
al e
tc
4. C
hang
es in
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent t
echn
olog
ies
8.4
Reg
ular
Mon
itorin
g an
d Ev
alua
tion
Reg
ular
mon
itorin
g an
d ev
alua
tion
is n
eces
sary
to
mai
ntai
n a
dyna
mic
sol
id w
aste
man
agem
ent
syst
em.
Thi
s fe
atur
e m
ust
be in
here
nt in
the
sys
tem
s so
tha
t tim
ely
chan
ges
can
be m
ade
to th
e sy
stem
to re
flect
the
chan
ges
in th
e am
ount
and
type
of
was
te, m
arke
t vol
atili
ty o
f rec
ycla
bles
and
futu
re c
hang
es in
tech
nolo
gy.
37
8.5
Oth
er In
fluen
cing
Fac
tors
In
ord
er to
pro
vide
a d
ynam
ic a
nd m
ore
inte
grat
ed s
olid
was
te m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
for
the
Sta
te,
fact
ors
that
affe
ct t
he c
omm
unity
, pr
ivat
e bu
sine
sses
and
loc
al
auth
oriti
es m
ust
be a
ddre
ssed
. Fu
rther
sup
port
to e
xist
ing
prog
ram
mes
and
effo
rts
need
to
be im
plem
ente
d to
tie
-in w
ith t
he a
ppro
pria
te c
hoic
e of
tec
hnol
ogy.
Som
e
actio
ns t
hat
need
to
be t
aken
in
the
com
mun
ity,
priv
ate
busi
ness
and
mun
icip
al
area
s ar
e:
8.5.
1 C
omm
unity
Fac
tors
• Pr
actic
e th
e 3R
s in
ord
er to
redu
ce w
aste
• In
corp
orat
e re
cycl
ing
activ
ities
as
part
of t
he a
ctiv
ities
for
all
RTs
, R
As a
nd
JKKK
s
• In
trodu
ce C
omm
unity
Com
post
ing
Pro
gram
mes
as
the
next
ste
p fo
llow
ing
the
succ
ess
of t
he H
ouse
hold
Com
post
ing
Prog
ram
mes
. Th
ese
will
focu
s on
hous
ing
esta
tes,
co
mm
unity
ga
rden
s in
m
ulti-
fam
ily
dwel
lings
(e
.g.
apar
tmen
ts a
nd c
ondo
s) a
nd o
ther
ins
titut
ions
suc
h as
uni
vers
ities
and
scho
ols
with
ade
quat
e sp
ace.
• In
trodu
ce
was
te
sepa
ratio
n at
so
urce
in
ta
ndem
w
ith
the
Com
mun
ity
Rec
yclin
g Pr
ogra
mm
es
to
mak
e re
sour
ce
reco
very
m
ore
effic
ient
an
d
effe
ctiv
e
• C
hang
e at
titud
es
and
min
dset
of
pe
ople
to
su
ppor
t th
e G
over
nmen
t’s
prog
ram
mes
on
recy
clin
g th
roug
h co
ntin
uous
pub
lic a
war
enes
s an
d ed
ucat
ion
prog
ram
mes
• O
rgan
ize
Trai
ning
of
Tr
aine
rs’
cour
ses
to
recr
uit
new
“c
ham
pion
s”
and
enla
rge
the
pool
of e
xist
ing
reso
urce
per
sons
• En
cour
age
furth
er o
utre
ach
to th
e co
mm
unity
to in
crea
se p
ublic
aw
aren
ess
• C
onsi
der
prov
idin
g in
cent
ives
to
com
mun
ities
pra
ctic
ing
recy
clin
g si
nce
the
Gov
ernm
ent s
aves
mon
ey o
n tra
nspo
rtatio
n co
sts
and
tippi
ng fe
es fr
om w
aste
dive
rsio
n aw
ay fr
om th
e la
ndfil
l.
38
8.5.
2 Pr
ivat
e S
ecto
r Fac
tors
• E
stab
lish
new
net
wor
ks to
mee
t fut
ure
chal
leng
es
• Es
tabl
ish
mor
e dr
op o
ff re
cycl
ing
prog
ram
mes
in s
hopp
ing
com
plex
es
• E
xpan
d ex
istin
g P
C R
ecyc
ling
Pro
gram
me
into
a H
ouse
hold
Ele
ctro
nic
and
Elec
trica
l Ap
plia
nces
Col
lect
ion
Prog
ram
me
invo
lvin
g m
ore
priv
ate
sect
or
parti
cipa
tion
• Pr
ovid
e in
cent
ives
for
priv
ate
com
pani
es p
ract
icin
g re
cycl
ing
and
inst
allin
g
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
tect
ion
equi
pmen
t
• E
ncou
rage
priv
ate
busi
ness
es t
o co
llect
and
pur
chas
e bu
lk i
tem
s su
ch a
s
furn
iture
and
obs
olet
e eq
uipm
ent
• Se
tup
a m
echa
nism
to
mon
itor
high
ly v
olat
ile m
arke
t pr
ices
of
recy
clab
le
item
s
• Pr
ovid
e su
bsid
ies
as a
form
of G
over
nmen
t int
erve
ntio
n in
the
case
of s
harp
pric
e dr
ops
of re
cycl
able
s re
sulti
ng in
non
-col
lect
ion.
• D
eriv
e w
in-w
in s
olut
ions
and
red
uce
unde
rcut
ting
prac
tices
in
orde
r fo
r
recy
clin
g bu
sine
sses
to re
mai
n su
stai
nabl
e
• In
trodu
ce ta
x in
cent
ives
for p
urch
ase
of e
quip
men
t for
pro
cess
ing
recy
clab
les
• Pr
ovid
e so
ft lo
ans
to b
usin
esse
s in
volv
ed in
recy
clin
g an
d m
ater
ial r
ecov
ery
8.5.
3 M
unic
ipal
Fac
tors
• Es
tabl
ish
a so
und
legi
slat
ive
basi
s fo
r was
te m
inim
izat
ion
and
man
agem
ent
• In
frast
ruct
ure
supp
ort
for
recy
clin
g is
stil
l la
ckin
g an
d ne
eds
to b
e fu
rther
stre
ngth
ened
e.
g.
colle
ctio
n ce
ntre
s,
colle
ctio
n of
ho
useh
old
haza
rdou
s
mat
eria
ls e
tc.
• E
xpan
d pr
esen
t ho
useh
old
haza
rdou
s w
aste
col
lect
ion
poin
ts t
hrou
ghou
t
Pena
ng
• Se
t up
a H
azar
dous
Was
te c
olle
ctio
n de
pot
for
othe
r ho
useh
old
haza
rdou
s
item
s su
ch a
s pa
ints
, oil,
aci
ds, a
eros
ol c
ans,
etc
.
• Ex
pand
the
pres
ent e
-was
te c
olle
ctio
n pr
ogra
mm
e in
to H
ouse
hold
ele
ctro
nic
& E
lect
rical
App
lianc
es (
e.g.
ref
riger
ator
s, w
ashi
ng m
achi
nes,
TVs
, to
aste
rs,
39
elec
tric
oven
s, r
adio
s et
c) p
rogr
amm
e in
col
labo
ratio
n w
ith p
rivat
e re
cycl
ing
busi
ness
es
• Se
t up
a m
echa
nism
for t
he c
olle
ctio
n of
bul
k fu
rnitu
re.
• Se
lect
ap
prop
riate
te
chno
logi
es
for
mat
eria
l/ re
sour
ce
reco
very
an
d
com
post
ing
at th
e m
unic
ipal
leve
l
The
abov
e-m
entio
ned
fact
ors
and
actio
n m
ust
be i
nteg
rate
d w
ith t
he p
rimar
y
conc
erns
to
prom
ote
mat
eria
l re
cove
ry a
nd t
o ex
tend
the
life
span
of
the
exis
ting
land
fill w
hen
sele
ctin
g th
e co
rrec
t tec
hnol
ogic
al s
olut
ion
to th
e m
unic
ipal
sol
id w
aste
prob
lem
. The
func
tiona
l tri
parti
te
inte
r-re
latio
nshi
ps
betw
een
the
Gov
ernm
ent,
Com
mun
ity a
nd P
rivat
e Se
ctor
and
the
ir pr
imar
y ro
les
tow
ards
ach
ievi
ng a
n
Inte
grat
ed S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
can
be
sum
mar
ized
in th
e ch
art
belo
w.
40
GO
VER
NM
ENT
• Le
gisl
atio
n •
Infra
stru
ctur
e •
Sol
id W
aste
Dis
posa
l •
Pub
lic A
war
enes
s &
Edu
catio
n •
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
• C
ompo
stin
g •
Ince
ntiv
es
• W
aste
Aud
its
CO
MM
UN
ITY
• P
ract
ice
3Rs
• C
omm
unity
R
ecyc
ling
• S
ourc
e S
epar
atio
n •
Com
post
ing
PRIV
ATE
SE
CTO
R
• G
reen
Pro
duct
ion
• E
co-fr
iend
ly p
rodu
cts
• E
xten
ded
Pro
duce
r R
espo
nsib
ility
• B
uy B
ack
Pro
gram
mes
•
Rec
yclin
g A
gent
s •
Buy
ers
• P
roce
ssor
s •
Con
verte
rs
INTE
GR
ATE
D
SOLI
D W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T(IS
WM
) To
war
ds
Zero
Was
te
FUN
CTI
ON
AL
REL
ATI
ON
SHIP
OF
STA
KEH
OLD
ERS
IN P
ENA
NG
’S IS
WM
SYS
TEM
©
SER
I 200
4
41
9. R
ECYC
LIN
G A
S A
VIB
RA
NT
ECO
NO
MIC
AC
TIVI
TY IN
PE
NA
NG
H
OU
SEH
OLD
HA
ZAR
DO
US
WA
STE
The
Sta
te G
over
nmen
t is
par
ticul
arly
con
cern
ed a
bout
the
saf
e di
spos
al o
f
hous
ehol
d ha
zard
ous
was
te t
hat
is p
rese
ntly
bei
ng d
umpe
d in
to t
he n
orm
al
dom
estic
was
te b
ins
and
thes
e w
ill ul
timat
ely
end
up in
the
land
fill.
This
will
caus
e en
viro
nmen
tal p
ollu
tion.
The
col
lect
ion
of h
ouse
hold
haz
ardo
us w
aste
(fluo
resc
ent l
amps
, dry
cel
l and
mob
ile p
hone
bat
terie
s an
d ae
roso
l can
s) b
y
supe
rmar
kets
, hyp
erm
arke
ts a
nd s
hopp
ing
com
plex
es, i
s th
e fir
st o
f its
kin
d in
the
coun
try. T
his
colle
ctio
n w
ill b
e ex
tend
ed to
wet
mar
kets
that
are
und
er th
e
purv
iew
of t
he P
enan
g Is
land
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il.
Each
day
, an
estim
ated
10,
000
tonn
es o
f gar
bage
(al
so k
now
n as
Mun
icip
al
was
te) i
s pr
oduc
ed a
nd s
ent f
or d
ispo
sal n
atio
nwid
e. T
he p
reva
iling
pra
ctic
e is
still
dis
posa
l in
lan
dfills
whi
le p
roce
ssin
g of
sol
id w
aste
bef
ore
disp
osal
is
rare
ly p
erfo
rmed
in
Mal
aysi
a. H
owev
er,
due
to l
and
scar
city
, la
ndfil
ls a
re
incr
easi
ngly
bec
omin
g an
obs
olet
e op
tion
and
the
gove
rnm
ent
is lo
okin
g at
inci
nera
tion
as a
n al
tern
ativ
e in
stea
d. If
the
was
tes
are
proc
esse
d or
recy
cled
,
it ca
n be
take
n ou
t fro
m th
e w
aste
stre
am, w
hich
mea
ns le
ss w
aste
will
end
up in
dum
psite
s or
land
fills
. Thi
s tra
nsla
tes
not o
nly
to fi
nanc
ial s
avin
gs fr
om
was
te d
ispo
sal c
osts
but
als
o pr
ofits
for
tho
se e
ngag
ed in
pro
cess
ing
of t
he
was
te, i
n pa
rticu
lar r
ecyc
ling
activ
ities
.
Inde
ed, t
here
are
vas
t pot
entia
ls in
was
te. T
his
may
com
e in
the
form
of d
irect
econ
omic
be
nefit
s,
for
inst
ance
, in
sa
les
rece
ipts
an
d pr
ofits
fo
r
esta
blis
hmen
ts e
ngag
ed in
the
recy
clin
g bu
sine
ss,
wag
es p
aid
to w
orke
rs in
thes
e es
tabl
ishm
ents
and
oth
er “r
ippl
e ef
fect
s” s
uch
as c
ompa
nies
and
peo
ple
invo
lved
in c
olle
ctio
n, s
ortin
g an
d tra
nspo
rtatio
n of
recy
clab
les.
Acc
ordi
ng to
a
stud
y in
the
US
, rec
yclin
g cr
eate
s te
n tim
es m
ore
jobs
than
land
fills
! Ind
irect
mon
etar
y be
nefit
s, m
eani
ng m
oney
sav
ed f
rom
the
cos
ts o
f di
spos
al a
nd
treat
men
t of h
ighe
r vol
umes
of w
aste
if re
cycl
ing
is n
ot p
ract
ised
, can
als
o be
subs
tant
ial.
42
Mor
e th
an
that
, th
e en
viro
nmen
tal
and
heal
th
bene
fits
of
recy
clin
g fa
r
outw
eigh
the
burd
ens
of c
olle
ctio
n, p
roce
ssin
g an
d tra
nspo
rtatio
n of
rec
ycle
d
mat
eria
ls.
Both
lan
dfills
and
inc
iner
ator
s m
ake
for
poor
nei
ghbo
urs
as t
hey
can
pote
ntia
lly
emit
toxi
c ch
emic
als
know
n to
ca
use
heal
th
prob
lem
s.
Rec
yclin
g, m
oreo
ver,
subs
tant
ially
red
uces
gre
en h
ouse
gas
es t
hat
caus
e
glob
al w
arm
ing
as w
ell a
s pr
eser
ves
natu
ral r
esou
rces
suc
h as
tree
s, e
nerg
y
and
wat
er.
It w
as t
he a
bove
con
side
ratio
ns t
hat
spur
red
this
inv
estig
atio
n in
to t
he
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry in
Pen
ang.
The
pur
pose
of
this
arti
cle
is t
o do
cum
ent
the
econ
omic
act
iviti
es g
ener
ated
by
Pen
ang'
s re
cycl
ing
and
reus
e in
dust
ry a
nd
expl
ore
how
its
ben
efits
can
be
max
imis
ed.
As t
here
is n
o se
cond
ary
data
avai
labl
e, th
e re
sear
ch is
car
ried
out t
hrou
gh a
rap
id s
urve
y th
at in
volv
es th
e
gath
erin
g of
prim
ary
data
from
dire
ct in
terv
iew
s an
d fie
ld v
isits
. The
find
ings
of
the
rapi
d su
rvey
onl
y pr
ovid
es a
par
tial p
ictu
re b
ecau
se t
he m
ajor
ity o
f th
e
esta
blis
hmen
ts a
re i
nvol
ved
in t
he e
arly
sta
ges
of t
he r
ecyc
ling
loop
, i.e
.
colle
ctio
n an
d pr
oces
sing
. Th
e m
anuf
actu
rers
th
at
use
thes
e re
cove
red
mat
eria
ls to
pro
duce
fini
shed
pro
duct
s ar
e m
ostly
loca
ted
outs
ide
of P
enan
g,
whi
ch is
bey
ond
the
cove
rage
of t
his
artic
le.
The
surv
ey r
evea
led
that
rec
yclin
g co
uld
be a
pot
entia
lly v
iabl
e bu
sine
ss a
nd
inco
me
gene
rato
r. Th
e bi
gger
pla
yers
incl
ude
regi
onal
age
nts
who
are
act
ing
on b
ehal
f of
the
pro
duce
rs o
f re
cycl
able
pro
duct
s. T
hey
may
als
o ac
t as
trade
rs
who
pe
rform
th
e m
iddl
e-pe
rson
ro
le
in
mar
ketin
g an
d lo
gist
ics
func
tions
.
Ther
e ar
e al
so
smal
l tim
e op
erat
ors
who
ar
e fu
nctio
ning
as
ba
ckya
rd
indu
strie
s: b
uy b
ack
cent
res,
who
lesa
lers
, co
llect
ors
to t
he w
aste
pic
kers
,
sorte
rs a
nd c
lean
ers.
In te
rms
of lo
catio
n, th
ey a
re s
catte
red
all o
ver t
he s
tate
,
with
sig
nific
ant
conc
entra
tion
in t
he B
atu
Mau
ng a
rea,
ind
ustri
al a
reas
in
Sebe
rang
Per
ai a
nd in
enc
lave
s th
e in
ner
city
of
Geo
rge
Tow
n, s
uch
as in
Arm
enia
n St
reet
and
Vic
toria
Stre
et.
Besi
des
the
stric
tly c
omm
erci
al u
nder
taki
ngs,
the
eco
nom
ic d
imen
sion
s of
recy
clin
g ar
e al
so m
anife
sted
in
num
erou
s ch
arita
ble
caus
es.
Pen
ang
is
witn
ess
to v
ario
us c
omm
unity
org
aniz
atio
ns t
hat
are
usin
g re
cycl
ing
as a
43
mea
ns t
o ra
ise
fund
s fo
r th
eir
activ
ities
, su
ch a
s pr
ovid
ing
jobs
for
the
disa
bled
or
givi
ng f
ree
med
ical
tre
atm
ent
to t
he n
eedy
. Th
is,
of c
ours
e, i
s
feas
ible
onl
y be
caus
e la
bour
cos
t can
be
take
n ou
t fro
m th
e ca
lcul
atio
ns w
hen
recy
clin
g fo
r cha
rity
is c
arrie
d ou
t thr
ough
vol
unte
ers.
Thi
s ar
ticle
will
, how
ever
,
limit
itsel
f to
dis
cuss
ing
the
pote
ntia
l eco
nom
ic b
enef
its f
rom
rec
yclin
g as
a
busi
ness
con
cern
.
The
only
sol
id w
aste
com
posi
tion
surv
ey a
vaila
ble
for
Pen
ang,
whi
ch w
as
carr
ied
out
by J
ICA
in 1
995,
sho
wed
tha
t or
gani
c w
aste
is
the
high
est
com
pone
nt o
f our
was
te s
tream
with
44%
bei
ng p
aper
and
car
dboa
rd (
21%
),
follo
wed
by
plas
tic a
nd r
ubbe
r (1
7%),
glas
s &
sto
ne (
6%),
text
ile (
4%),
woo
d
(4%
), an
d m
etal
(2.
8%).
Alth
ough
the
stu
dy is
no
long
er v
ery
up t
o da
te,
it
give
s us
an
idea
of h
ow m
uch
reso
urce
s w
e co
uld
pote
ntia
lly r
ecov
ered
if w
e
proc
ess
thes
e w
aste
s.
The
disc
ussi
on in
this
arti
cle
is b
ased
on
the
abov
e ca
tego
rizat
ion.
How
ever
,
we
wou
ld li
ke to
hig
hlig
ht a
noth
er e
mer
ging
was
te c
ateg
ory
- `e-
was
te',
whi
ch
is in
crea
sing
ly b
ecom
ing
sign
ifica
nt in
our
mod
ern
daily
livi
ng.
9.1
Pape
r Pa
per w
aste
is th
e m
ost h
eavi
ly c
olle
cted
item
in th
e w
aste
stre
am. T
here
are
vario
us ty
pes
of w
aste
pap
er c
olle
cted
, inc
ludi
ng d
oubl
e lin
er c
raft,
pur
e w
hite
,
old
new
spap
ers,
old
cor
ruga
ted
carto
n, m
ixed
col
our,
pape
r cor
es, e
tc. P
rices
of t
he d
iffer
ent
type
s of
pap
er v
ary
acco
rdin
g to
the
ir qu
ality
. Fo
r in
stan
ce,
pure
whi
te p
aper
fet
ches
RM
0.60
- R
M0.
70 p
er k
g, w
hile
mix
ed c
olou
red
pape
r is
pric
ed a
t R
M0.
15 t
o R
M0.
18 p
er k
g. T
hese
are
jus
t in
dica
tions
of
pric
es p
aid
for w
aste
pap
er d
eliv
ered
to th
e pr
emis
e of
the
agen
t.
Was
te p
aper
is
colle
cted
by
scav
enge
rs,
smal
l ag
ents
, ch
arity
gro
ups
or
mun
icip
al w
orke
rs.
They
are
the
n so
ld t
o an
age
nt,
who
wou
ld p
roce
ss t
he
was
te p
aper
bef
ore
ship
men
t. In
Pen
ang,
the
re a
re o
nly
a ha
ndfu
l of
big
agen
ts.
Usu
ally
, th
ese
agen
ts h
ave
stor
age
faci
litie
s an
d em
ploy
wor
kers
to
do s
ortin
g an
d sh
redd
ing
in t
heir
plan
t. Fr
om o
ur o
bser
vatio
ns,
the
wor
kers
cons
ist m
ostly
of f
orei
gn n
atio
nals
. Loc
al e
lder
ly w
omen
are
als
o ta
ken
on a
s
part
time
sorte
rs.
One
of
the
pape
r ag
ents
in P
enan
g pl
aces
ope
n tru
cks
in
stra
tegi
c lo
catio
ns,
e.g.
cha
rity
orga
niza
tion,
hot
els,
fac
torie
s an
d sc
hool
s.
44
Whe
n th
e tru
cks
are
full,
the
load
will
be
trans
porte
d ba
ck t
o th
e pl
ant.
To
attra
ct t
he c
orpo
rate
sec
tor,
the
agen
t als
o pr
ovid
es s
hred
ding
mac
hine
s fo
r
exte
rnal
use
free
of c
harg
e.
The
was
tepa
per i
s pa
cked
into
500
kg o
r 1-to
nne
bails
. Onc
e pa
cked
, the
y ar
e
deliv
ered
to p
aper
mills
for t
he p
ulpi
ng p
roce
ss w
here
by w
aste
pap
er is
mix
ed
with
wat
er a
nd a
gita
ted
in a
pul
ping
vat
to m
ake
a lu
sh. I
mpu
ritie
s lik
e st
aple
s
and
bind
ing
mat
eria
ls a
re re
mov
ed b
y sc
reen
s. T
he re
cycl
ed p
aper
, rol
led
into
jum
bo re
els
are
then
del
iver
ed to
con
sum
ers.
The
onl
y pa
per m
anuf
actu
rer i
n
Pena
ng is
Mud
a P
aper
Mills
. The
big
gest
pap
er m
ill th
at u
ses
was
te p
aper
is
Mal
aysi
an N
ewsp
rint
Indu
strie
s (M
NI),
loc
ated
in
Tem
erlo
h. B
oth
are
maj
or
pape
r m
anuf
actu
rers
in
Mal
aysi
a an
d in
vest
hea
vily
in
R &
D o
f re
cycl
ing
tech
nolo
gies
. It
take
s 1.
2 to
nnes
of
was
te p
aper
to
mak
e 1.
0 to
nne
of n
ew
pape
r. M
ost
pape
r m
anuf
actu
rers
fac
e pr
oble
ms
of lo
w s
uppl
y, i.
e. t
here
is
sim
ply
not e
noug
h w
aste
pap
er to
rec
ycle
; so
muc
h so
that
was
te p
aper
has
to b
e im
porte
d.
Unl
ike
othe
r pa
per
mills
, M
uda
Pap
er,
whi
ch o
pera
tes
a 50
-acr
e pl
ant
in
Sim
pang
Em
pat,
is a
ble
to g
et 1
00%
of i
ts r
aw r
ecyc
labl
e pa
per
loca
lly, a
s it
has
esta
blis
hed
a lo
ng h
isto
ry o
f ne
twor
king
with
the
loc
al s
uppl
iers
. It
empl
oys
mor
e th
an 4
20 w
orke
rs a
nd h
as a
pro
duct
ion
capa
city
of
300,
000
tonn
es o
f rec
ycle
d pa
per p
er y
ear.
Acco
rdin
g to
Mud
a P
aper
, in
term
s of
pric
e,
the
recy
cled
pap
er is
qui
te c
ompe
titiv
e co
mpa
red
with
pap
er p
rodu
ced
from
raw
mat
eria
ls.
Bes
ides
pap
er m
ills,
whi
ch a
re t
he k
ey c
onsu
mer
of
was
te p
aper
, th
ere
are
also
age
nts
who
dea
l with
`ref
urbi
shm
ent'
of w
aste
pap
er b
oard
s. O
ne o
f the
m
is lo
cate
d at
Bat
u M
uang
. Car
ton
boxe
s an
d pa
perb
oard
s ar
e re
conv
erte
d to
new
pro
duct
s in
cus
tom
ized
siz
es.
Sou
rces
of
the
mat
eria
l com
e fro
m u
sed
corr
ugat
ed c
arto
ns b
oxes
fro
m s
uper
mar
kets
or
fact
orie
s. T
he a
gent
wou
ld
cust
omiz
e ne
w c
arto
n bo
xes
from
the
old
boa
rds,
em
ploy
ing
sim
ple
man
ual
proc
esse
s su
ch a
s cu
tting
, sta
plin
g, p
rintin
g of
new
logo
s an
d pa
ckin
g. T
hey
are
then
sol
d lo
cally
to fo
od/te
xtile
/sta
tione
ry/e
lect
roni
c ou
tlets
.
45
9.2
Pla
stic
Th
e ge
nera
l pe
rcep
tion
has
been
tha
t pl
astic
s ar
e th
e le
ast
recy
clab
le
prod
ucts
. Af
ter
cond
uctin
g vi
sits
to
seve
ral
recy
clin
g pl
ants
in
Pen
ang,
our
perc
eptio
ns h
ave
som
ewha
t cha
nged
. In
fact
, mos
t pla
stic
s ca
n be
recy
cled
in
one
way
or
anot
her,
thou
gh th
eir
pric
es a
re n
ot c
ompa
rabl
e to
that
of p
aper
and
alum
inum
can
s. P
ost
cons
umer
pla
stic
s in
clud
e pl
astic
bag
s, m
iner
al
wat
er a
nd s
oft
drin
k bo
ttles
, po
lyst
yren
e pa
ckag
ing
and
cups
, pl
astic
cut
lery
and
plat
es, c
onta
iner
s, s
ham
poo
and
dete
rgen
t bot
tles.
Pres
ently
, it
is e
stim
ated
tha
t th
ere
are
only
11-
12 p
last
ics
recy
cler
s in
Pena
ng.
Plas
tic p
rodu
cts
are
colle
cted
eith
er f
rom
sca
veng
ers
or t
hrou
gh
cont
ract
ual w
aste
col
lect
ion
from
fact
ory
outle
ts. P
last
ics
are
eith
er p
roce
ssed
loca
lly o
r ba
iled
for
expo
rt. T
he f
acto
ries
recy
cle
an a
ssor
tmen
t of
pla
stic
s,
rang
ing
from
AB
S p
last
ics,
Nyl
on, p
olya
mid
e, P
C, P
E, P
P, P
oly(
poly
prop
ylen
e
oxid
e),
PS,
Styr
ene-
acry
loni
trile
pla
stic
and
oth
er p
last
ics
mad
e fro
m m
ixin
g
diffe
rent
resi
ns a
nd o
ther
mat
eria
ls. T
hese
pla
stic
recy
cler
s ar
e m
ainl
y lo
cate
d
in S
eber
ang
Pera
i, w
ith s
ome
larg
er o
pera
tions
in t
he K
ulim
Ind
ustri
al a
rea,
whi
ch a
lso
obta
in th
eir p
ost c
onsu
mer
pla
stic
s st
ock
from
Pen
ang.
A fe
w o
ther
com
pani
es m
elt
dow
n th
e pl
astic
s su
ch a
s P
E an
d P
P,
and
rem
anuf
actu
re
them
into
low
er g
rade
pla
stic
resi
ns w
hich
are
sen
t to
Chi
na.
One
par
ticul
ar c
ompa
ny t
hat
oper
ates
in
the
Kulim
are
a ob
tain
s its
pla
stic
scra
ps,
espe
cial
ly L
DP
E,
from
sca
veng
ers
in t
he m
unic
ipal
dum
ps.
The
owne
rs,
how
ever
, co
mpl
ain
of n
ot h
avin
g en
ough
fee
dsto
ck f
or m
eltin
g an
d
are
curr
ently
ope
ratin
g at
onl
y 50
-60%
cap
acity
. Th
ey c
ompl
ain
also
of
low
qual
ity a
nd h
ighl
y co
ntam
inat
ed p
last
ics
from
loca
l sou
rces
. To
sup
plem
ent
the
inad
equa
te lo
cal s
uppl
y, th
ey h
ave
been
impo
rting
hig
her q
ualit
y an
d le
ss
cont
amin
ated
sto
ck f
rom
Eur
ope
(odd
s an
d en
ds o
f su
perm
arke
t ba
gs).
How
ever
, th
is p
ract
ice
was
sto
pped
whe
n th
e D
epar
tmen
t of
Env
ironm
ent
(DO
E) re
cent
ly re
clas
sifie
d su
ch fe
edst
ock
as S
ched
uled
Was
te.
Ironi
cally
, w
hile
so
me
plas
tics
man
ufac
ture
rs
have
to
im
port
recy
clab
le
plas
tics,
loca
l pla
stic
was
te is
shi
pped
to fo
reig
n m
arke
ts. O
ne re
cycl
ing
plan
t
in B
atu
Mau
ng,
for
inst
ance
, w
hich
is
supp
osed
ly t
he `
bigg
est
play
er’
and
deal
ing
with
all
kind
s of
pla
stic
s, h
as b
een
expo
rting
pla
stic
s to
ove
rsea
s
mar
kets
. The
vol
ume
proc
esse
d pe
r mon
th ra
nges
from
20
to 2
5 to
nnes
. The
proc
esse
s in
volv
ed in
this
pla
nt in
clud
e so
rting
, rem
oval
of s
ticke
rs, c
rush
ing,
46
and
baili
ng, b
efor
e tra
nspo
rtatio
n to
the
harb
our a
nd s
hipp
ing
to T
haila
nd a
nd
Indo
nesi
a.
9.3
Gla
ss b
ottle
s
Gen
eral
ly,
glas
s is
100
% r
ecyc
labl
e. H
owev
er,
ther
e ar
e va
rious
typ
es o
f
glas
s pr
oduc
ts,
the
mos
t co
mm
on o
nes
bein
g gl
ass
bottl
es a
nd f
lat
glas
s.
Ther
e is
a l
ow v
olum
e of
gla
ss m
ater
ial
in t
he m
unic
ipal
was
te s
tream
beca
use
the
glas
s is
usu
ally
col
lect
ed b
y w
aste
pic
kers
bef
ore
the
was
te
reac
hes
the
dum
psite
. How
ever
, the
re a
re a
lso
recy
clin
g ag
ents
who
con
tract
with
hot
els,
spo
rt cl
ubs,
and
sup
erm
arke
ts to
col
lect
gla
ss b
ottle
s fro
m th
em
perio
dica
lly. E
ven
thou
gh p
hysi
cally
gla
ss b
ottle
s ar
e 10
0% r
ecyc
labl
e, s
ome
recy
cler
s in
Pen
ang
feel
tha
t it
is n
ot f
easi
ble
as i
t in
curs
hig
h co
sts
in
trans
porta
tion
and
spac
e fo
r st
orag
e. T
hese
gla
ss b
ottle
s ne
ed t
o be
sto
red
until
a c
erta
in v
olum
e is
rea
ched
bef
ore
bein
g re
turn
ed t
o th
e pr
oduc
ers,
whi
ch a
re o
ften
loca
ted
outs
ide
Pen
ang.
The
key
man
ufac
ture
r th
at u
ses
recy
clab
le g
lass
is K
L G
lass
loca
ted
in c
entra
l Pen
insu
lar M
alay
sia.
Ther
e ar
e al
so s
mal
l tra
ditio
nal
`bot
ol' s
hops
, w
hich
hav
e ex
iste
d as
sm
all
back
yard
ind
ustri
es i
n P
enan
g fo
r de
cade
s. T
hey
oper
ate
in j
unky
ards
and
buy
from
sca
veng
ers
or s
mal
l tim
e co
llect
ors.
The
se o
pera
tions
inv
olve
sorti
ng,
was
hing
, sc
rapi
ng o
ff th
e la
bels
, dr
ying
and
pac
king
in g
unny
sack
s
befo
re th
e bo
ttles
are
col
lect
ed b
y ag
ents
for f
acto
ries
such
as
Car
lsbe
rg a
nd
Gui
nnes
s St
out.
Pric
es v
ary
acco
rdin
g to
typ
es o
f bo
ttles
and
whe
ther
the
y
are
proc
esse
d. F
or in
stan
ce, f
or b
eer
bottl
es, t
he b
uyin
g pr
ice
is R
M0.
05 p
er
bottl
e; a
nd s
ellin
g pr
ice
is R
M0.
15 a
fter
was
hing
and
pac
k. F
or s
auce
bot
tles,
the
buyi
ng p
rice
is R
M0.
15 a
nd th
ey a
re s
old
at R
M0.
40 a
fter c
lean
ing.
9.4
Met
als,
alu
min
ium
can
s, ti
n co
ntai
ners
, etc
To
geth
er w
ith w
aste
pap
er, a
lum
inum
pro
duct
s ar
e on
e of
the
high
est p
riced
recy
clab
les.
The
pric
e pa
id to
a c
olle
ctor
can
be
as h
igh
as R
M2.
50 p
er k
g.
Alth
ough
can
s ar
e 10
0% r
ecyc
labl
e, t
he r
ecyc
ling
tech
nolo
gies
are
onl
y
avai
labl
e ov
erse
as, w
here
bau
xite
is a
vaila
ble
and
whe
re th
ere
is e
cono
my
of
scal
e. H
ence
the
rec
ycla
bles
are
bei
ng e
xpor
ted
over
seas
. In
tur
n, c
an
man
ufac
ture
rs in
Mal
aysi
a us
e im
porte
d al
umin
um c
oils
as
raw
mat
eria
l.
47
Rec
yclin
g of
alu
min
um c
ans
in P
enan
g an
d M
alay
sia
gene
rally
, are
lim
ited
to
colle
ctio
n, p
roce
ssin
g an
d ex
port.
The
maj
or p
laye
rs in
volv
ed in
this
exe
rcis
e
incl
ude
was
te p
icke
rs,
dum
psite
col
lect
ors,
sm
all
deal
ers,
and
ove
rsea
s
buye
rs.
Post
co
nsum
er
alum
inum
w
aste
m
ay
com
e fro
m
a ne
twor
k of
colle
ctor
s, d
eale
rs a
nd tr
ader
s. T
hey
usua
lly g
et th
eir
supp
ly fr
om o
rgan
ized
sour
cing
or f
rom
sm
all t
ime
colle
ctor
s.
Ther
e ar
e al
so s
mal
ler
colle
ctor
s, c
once
ntra
ted
in V
icto
ria a
nd A
rmen
ian
Stre
et, w
ho d
epen
d on
junk
yard
act
iviti
es to
sou
rce
thei
r m
ater
ials
. The
y bu
y
alum
inum
can
s, s
crap
met
als,
iron
, cop
per,
tap
head
s, p
ipes
from
indi
vidu
als
or s
cave
nger
s. T
hese
met
als
are
then
sor
ted
into
var
ious
cat
egor
ies
and
sold
to b
igge
r age
nts,
who
will
then
sel
l to
Mal
ayaw
ata.
Oth
er it
ems
such
as
bisc
uit
tins
and
Milo
tin
s ar
e ke
pt a
nd s
old
to w
alk-
in c
usto
mer
s du
ring
fest
ival
s.
Apar
t fro
m m
etal
and
alu
min
ium
, th
ese
junk
yard
ope
rato
rs a
lso
deal
with
all
sorts
of o
ther
rec
ycla
ble
item
s, s
uch
as g
unny
sack
s, w
ood,
old
clo
cks,
sm
all
mac
hine
equ
ipm
ents
, et
c. S
ome
of t
he p
rodu
cts
can
even
be
cust
omiz
ed
acco
rdin
g to
spe
cific
atio
ns.
Thes
e in
clud
e w
ood
plan
ks,
old
door
s, g
lass
louv
ers
and
zinc
roo
f, w
hich
are
sal
vage
d fro
m h
ouse
dem
oliti
on/re
nova
tion.
They
are
sys
tem
atic
ally
dis
play
ed a
ccor
ding
to ty
pes.
9.5
E-w
aste
M
alay
sia
aim
s to
be
the
IT h
ub fo
r th
e re
gion
and
in it
s ef
fort
to p
ursu
e th
is
visi
on,
the
Gov
ernm
ent
has
emba
rked
on
a pr
ogra
mm
e to
enc
oura
ge I
T
liter
acy
amon
g its
peo
ple.
Eac
h ho
useh
old
is e
ncou
rage
d to
ow
n at
leas
t a
com
pute
r with
the
targ
et o
f “on
e ho
use
one
PC” t
o pr
omot
e an
IT c
ultu
re. I
t is
hope
tha
t th
is w
ill e
vent
ually
boo
st u
p th
e nu
mbe
r of
ski
lled
IT
wor
kers
for
Mal
aysi
a’s
futu
re w
orkf
orce
. Pen
ang’
s C
hief
Min
iste
r w
ho c
hairs
the
Pen
ang
K-IC
T (K
now
ledg
e In
form
atio
n A
nd C
omm
unic
atio
n Te
chno
logy
) C
ounc
il ha
s
deve
lope
d a
K-IC
T M
aste
rpla
n to
tur
n P
enan
g in
to a
n I-L
and
(Inte
llige
nt
Isla
nd).
How
ever
, th
e C
ounc
il is
con
cern
ed
abou
t th
e sa
fe
disp
osal
of
com
pute
r an
d its
per
iphe
rals
. In
addi
tion
to th
is, t
here
are
als
o ot
her
type
s of
e-w
aste
suc
h as
ele
ctro
nic
equi
pmen
t and
hom
e ap
plia
nces
to b
e de
alt w
ith.
The
influ
x of
che
ap s
hort-
lived
ele
ctric
al a
nd e
lect
roni
c ap
plia
nces
has
furth
er
aggr
avat
ed th
e pr
oble
m.
48
In o
rder
to
addr
ess
this
iss
ue,
the
Pen
ang
Isla
nd M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
has
com
mis
sion
ed a
sur
vey
of e
-was
te (
elec
troni
c w
aste
com
pris
ing
com
pute
r
and
perip
hera
ls,
elec
trica
l app
lianc
es),
and
will
be
wor
king
out
mec
hani
sms
for e
ffect
ive
colle
ctio
n an
d sa
fe d
ispo
sal o
f the
se w
ith th
e co
llabo
rativ
e ef
forts
from
civ
il so
ciet
y an
d pr
ivat
e en
terp
rises
.
E-w
aste
enc
ompa
sses
a b
road
and
gro
win
g ra
nge
of e
lect
roni
c de
vice
s
rang
ing
from
la
rge
hous
ehol
d ap
plia
nces
su
ch
as
refri
gera
tors
, ai
r
cond
ition
ers,
han
d-he
ld c
ellu
lar
phon
es,
pers
onal
ste
reos
, an
d co
nsum
er
elec
troni
cs to
com
pute
rs. E
-was
te h
as b
ecom
e a
prob
lem
of c
risis
pro
porti
ons
beca
use
of t
wo
prim
ary
char
acte
ristic
s: i
t is
haz
ardo
us;
it is
gen
erat
ed a
t
alar
min
g ra
tes
due
to o
bsol
esce
nce
as te
chno
logy
pro
gres
ses.
Dis
card
ed c
ompu
ters
, tel
evis
ions
and
oth
er e
lect
roni
c de
vice
s ar
e be
com
ing
a
sign
ifica
nt d
ispo
sal p
robl
em in
Pen
ang.
E-w
aste
con
tain
s ov
er 1
,000
diff
eren
t
subs
tanc
es,
man
y of
whi
ch a
re t
oxic
, an
d cr
eate
ser
ious
pol
lutio
n up
on
disp
osal
. W
ith t
he a
dvan
ce i
n in
form
atio
n an
d co
mm
unic
atio
n te
chno
logy
,
elec
troni
c pr
oduc
t lif
e sp
ans
beco
me
incr
easi
ngly
sho
rter.
New
mod
els
of
som
e el
ectro
nic
prod
ucts
are
bei
ng p
rodu
ced
ever
y 3
mon
ths.
The
re i
s a
trend
tow
ards
sho
rter
usef
ul l
ives
of
elec
troni
c eq
uipm
ent,
parti
cula
rly P
Cs
and
cell
phon
es.
The
mai
n so
urce
s of
e-
was
te
foun
d in
Pe
nang
ar
e O
EM
s, i
ndiv
idua
ls,
busi
ness
es,
inst
itutio
ns,
gove
rnm
ent
and
com
mun
ity.
Pres
ently
, e-
was
te i
s
mai
nly
disc
arde
d as
gar
bage
and
col
lect
ed b
y th
e M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncils
. Lar
ge
corp
orat
ions
and
man
ufac
ture
rs o
f ne
w e
quip
men
t te
nd t
o ha
ve a
muc
h
high
er ra
te o
f ele
ctro
nic
was
te re
cycl
ing
than
indi
vidu
als
and
smal
l bus
ines
ses
whe
reby
mos
t of
the
e-w
aste
fro
m t
he la
tter
conc
erns
wou
ld e
nd u
p in
the
Pula
u B
uron
g la
ndfil
l as
ther
e is
pre
sent
ly n
o m
echa
nism
for r
ecyc
ling
or s
afe
disp
osal
fo
r co
mm
unity
-gen
erat
ed
e-w
aste
. Ex
istin
g co
llect
ion/
disp
osal
syst
ems
are
inap
prop
riate
and
ina
dequ
ate
to h
andl
e th
ese
mat
eria
ls.
Man
y
faci
litie
s ar
e un
able
to h
andl
e el
ectro
nic
was
te d
ue to
con
stra
ints
in s
pace
and
hand
ling
prob
lem
s.
49
At p
rese
nt, t
here
are
a n
umbe
r of f
irms,
bot
h on
Pen
ang
Isla
nd a
nd S
eber
ang
Per
ai,
whi
ch a
re c
olle
ctin
g an
d re
cycl
ing
e-w
aste
. S
mal
ler
oper
atio
ns a
long
Arm
enia
n St
reet
and
Vic
toria
Stre
et b
uy d
irect
ly fr
om c
usto
mer
s fo
r a m
inim
al
pric
e an
d se
ll th
em to
peo
ple
who
are
look
ing
for
spar
e pa
rts fo
r re
pair
wor
k
or to
ope
ratio
ns th
at r
efur
bish
com
pute
rs fo
r reu
se. T
hese
are
ofte
n co
llect
ed
in s
mal
l qua
ntiti
es fr
om in
divi
dual
s w
ho e
ither
giv
e th
em fr
ee o
f cha
rge
or fo
r a
toke
n su
m to
the
buye
rs. S
uch
smal
l ope
ratio
ns a
re o
ften
not w
ell o
rgan
ized
and
do n
ot re
ally
dis
man
tle o
r pro
cess
e-w
aste
for p
rope
r rec
yclin
g.
Larg
er o
pera
tions
als
o ex
ist o
n bo
th th
e Is
land
and
Seb
eran
g P
erai
. The
y ar
e
bette
r or
gani
zed
as t
hey
rece
ive
the
e-w
aste
sto
cks
from
fac
torie
s. M
any
of
thes
e se
t-ups
are
als
o ve
ndor
s of
man
ufac
turin
g fir
ms
in t
he B
ayan
Lep
as
Free
Tra
de Z
ones
. The
y ar
e us
ually
ass
ured
of a
sta
ble
volu
me
and
quan
tity
from
OEM
s, w
ho e
ither
sel
l the
m th
eir
defe
ctiv
e pr
oduc
ts o
r sc
raps
from
the
man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
s. V
endo
rs a
re e
ngag
ed a
s co
ntra
ctor
s to
scr
ap s
uch
item
s an
d no
t se
lling
the
m a
s se
cond
-han
d pr
oduc
ts.
Such
ope
ratio
ns a
lso
acce
pt e
lect
roni
c w
aste
from
oth
er c
ount
ries.
The
se a
re th
en d
ism
antle
d an
d
sepa
rate
d in
to v
ario
us p
arts
and
com
pone
nts,
pac
ked
for
resa
le l
ocal
ly o
r
expo
rted
to o
ther
cou
ntrie
s su
ch a
s C
hina
and
Ind
ones
ia.
Ope
ratio
ns a
re
mai
nly
man
ual w
ith th
e ai
d of
som
e m
achi
nes.
Ther
e al
so e
xist
wel
l-org
aniz
ed v
endo
rs t
hat
colle
ct c
ompu
ters
fro
m t
he
com
mun
ity a
nd e
ven
supp
liers
fro
m o
vers
eas
for
refu
rbis
hmen
t an
d re
sale
.
One
par
ticul
ar e
xam
ple
is D
ell,
whi
ch h
as s
tarte
d a
volu
ntar
y “P
C R
ecyc
ling
Prog
ram
me”
to c
olle
ct e
-was
te. U
nder
this
pro
gram
me,
the
publ
ic c
an c
all u
p
Del
l rep
rese
ntat
ives
to
colle
ct f
rom
hou
seho
lds
and
offic
es u
pon
requ
est
at
zero
cos
ts. T
he P
Cs
are
then
han
ded
over
to a
com
pany
, whi
ch w
ill d
ism
antle
and
dist
ribut
e th
e pa
rts t
o ot
her
com
pani
es f
or r
euse
. Be
side
s D
ell,
a fe
w
mor
e co
mpa
nies
hav
e al
so v
oice
d in
tere
st in
col
lect
ing
e-w
aste
.
Per
haps
it is
tim
e fo
r Pen
ang
to e
mul
ate
the
exam
ple
of th
e Eu
rope
an U
nion
,
whi
ch i
s lo
okin
g in
to p
assi
ng a
dire
ctiv
e on
Was
te f
rom
Ele
ctric
al a
nd
Ele
ctro
nic
Equ
ipm
ent
(WEE
E),
base
d on
prin
cipl
e of
“ex
tend
ed p
rodu
cers
resp
onsi
bilit
ies”
, whi
ch d
eman
ds ta
ke b
ack
of e
lect
roni
c eq
uipm
ent a
t the
end
of it
s lif
e an
d ba
ns th
e us
e of
toxi
c he
avy
met
als
in it
s pr
oduc
tion.
50
The
tota
l am
ount
of e
-was
te c
olle
cted
is s
how
n in
the
tabl
e be
low
:
2004
20
05
Tota
l C
ompa
ny
(kg)
N
KH
e-W
aste
Tr
adin
g
22
,521
44
,673
67
,194
Del
l
26
,667
14
,092
40
,759
Tota
l
49
,188
58
,765
10
7,95
3 9.
6 O
ld C
loth
es
Whe
n a
soci
ety
beco
mes
ric
her
econ
omic
ally
, it
is o
ften
refle
cted
in
the
cons
umpt
ive
lifes
tyle
of
its
pe
ople
. P
enan
g is
on
e su
ch
case
. Th
is
is
man
ifest
ed in
the
disc
arde
d fa
shio
n an
d cl
othi
ng it
ems,
man
y of
whi
ch a
re s
till
usab
le a
nd fa
irly
new
. Usu
ally
thes
e ol
d cl
othi
ng a
re d
onat
ed to
cha
rity
hom
es.
How
ever
, due
to th
e hi
gh v
olum
e th
at th
ese
char
ity o
rgan
izat
ions
hav
e be
en
rece
ivin
g, th
ey u
sual
ly s
ell t
hem
to g
ener
ate
fund
s.
Our
vis
it to
old
clo
thes
recy
cler
s ha
s re
veal
ed th
at th
e un
pret
entio
us re
cycl
ing
of o
ld c
loth
es c
ould
act
ually
be
a vi
able
bus
ines
s ve
ntur
e. T
here
is a
com
pany
whi
ch o
pera
tes
its p
lant
in P
erai
, whi
ch is
per
haps
the
only
old
clo
thin
g tra
der
that
is c
arry
ing
out
its o
pera
tion
as a
n “in
dust
rial”
activ
ity,
it is
per
haps
the
only
`fa
ctor
y' t
hat
deal
s in
the
tra
ding
of
old
clot
hes
on a
lar
ge s
cale
. It
oper
ates
usi
ng 6
to 7
lorr
ies
daily
and
em
ploy
s 20
to 3
0 w
orke
rs in
its
plan
ts.
Oth
er c
loth
ing
recy
cler
s ar
e m
ainl
y ru
n as
fam
ily b
usin
esse
s an
d so
ld in
loca
l
mar
kets
.
They
hav
e a
syst
emat
ic c
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
to
colle
ct o
ld c
loth
s fro
m c
harit
y
orga
niza
tions
and
oth
er c
olle
ctor
s. T
he re
cycl
able
item
s ar
e bo
ught
at a
pric
e
(RM
0.70
to
RM
0.80
per
kg)
. Th
e co
mpa
ny a
lso
impo
rts o
ld c
loth
ing
from
Taiw
an, K
orea
, Jap
an a
nd G
erm
any.
The
impo
rted
clot
hing
is s
orte
d to
geth
er
with
the
lo
cal
ones
by
em
ploy
ing
wom
en
wor
kers
fro
m E
ast
Mal
aysi
a.
Com
para
tivel
y, t
he i
mpo
rted
clot
hing
fet
ch h
ighe
r pr
ices
com
pare
d to
loc
al
ones
. M
anua
l lab
our
is u
sed
to s
epar
ate
the
clot
hing
acc
ordi
ng t
o ty
pe a
nd
qual
ity. T
hey
are
then
pac
ked
in 5
0-kg
and
100
-kg
bails
and
exp
orte
d ag
ain
to
coun
tries
suc
h as
Ind
ones
ia,
Thai
land
and
Cam
bodi
a. S
ome
of t
he b
ette
r
qual
ity o
nes
are
sent
to o
ther
sta
tes
in M
alay
sia
whe
re th
e ite
ms
will
be s
old
in P
asar
Mal
am o
r in
bun
dle
shop
s in
rur
al a
reas
. Acc
ordi
ng to
the
boss
, “As
wor
ld p
opul
atio
n gr
ows,
pro
porti
onat
ely,
the
re w
ill b
e m
ore
poor
peo
ple
51
com
pare
d to
ric
h pe
ople
, so
the
old
clo
thin
g bu
sine
ss h
as a
hug
e po
tent
ial
mar
ket”.
9.7
Kitc
hen/
hous
ehol
d ap
plia
nces
Se
cond
-han
d ki
tche
n or
ho
useh
old
appl
ianc
es
can
usua
lly
be
foun
d in
road
side
sta
lls a
nd fl
ee m
arke
ts in
Lor
ong
Kul
it or
Arm
enia
n S
treet
. But
larg
e
scal
e sp
ecia
lized
sho
ps o
r fu
rnitu
re w
areh
ouse
s ar
e st
ill ne
w in
Pen
ang.
We
foun
d ou
t tha
t the
re is
at l
east
one
of t
hese
sho
ps th
at fu
nctio
n as
an
All-i
n-
One
sec
ond-
hand
hou
seho
ld i
tem
s w
areh
ouse
in
Pena
ng.
It is
loc
ated
in
Vict
oria
Stre
et a
nd d
eals
with
all
kind
s of
hou
seho
ld a
pplia
nces
suc
h as
kitc
hen
uten
sils
, m
attre
ss,
and
com
pute
r pe
riphe
rals
, pr
ecio
us a
ntiq
ues,
fax
mac
hine
s, v
ideo
rec
orde
r, w
oode
n fu
rnitu
re,
etc.
It is
not
an
exag
gera
tion
to
say
that
one
can
equ
ip a
new
indu
stria
l kitc
hen
just
by
sour
cing
the
nece
ssar
y
item
s fro
m t
his
shop
. Its
sup
ply
is m
ainl
y ob
tain
ed t
hrou
gh b
arte
r tra
de o
r
cash
tra
nsac
tions
. U
sual
ly t
he it
ems
will
be
sent
to
them
dire
ctly
and
thi
s is
how
the
cost
of t
rans
porta
tion
is s
aved
. Wor
kers
are
em
ploy
ed to
rep
air
and
refu
rbis
h so
me
of th
e pr
oduc
ts b
efor
e th
ey a
re re
sold
. The
onl
y pr
oble
m fa
ced
by th
e op
erat
or is
lack
of s
pace
for s
tora
ge.
Issu
es a
risin
g
The
recy
clin
g ac
tivity
in
Pen
ang
is b
asic
ally
run
in a
n op
en m
arke
t sy
stem
with
out
any
form
of
cont
rol
or s
uppo
rt. I
t is
thu
s en
tirel
y a
“sur
viva
l of
the
fitte
st”
busi
ness
. Th
ere
is n
o su
ppor
ting
mec
hani
sm o
r ef
fort
in c
oord
inat
ion
and
netw
orki
ng e
ither
fro
m t
he g
over
nmen
t or
fro
m t
he i
ndus
try p
laye
rs
them
selv
es.
As a
res
ult,
ther
e is
a lo
t of
ove
rlap
and
unne
cess
ary
was
te o
f
reso
urce
s st
emm
ing
from
unh
ealth
y co
mpe
titio
n, l
ack
of i
nfor
mat
ion,
and
wea
k in
frast
ruct
ure
supp
ort.
The
mai
n so
urce
s of
dis
card
ed m
ater
ial f
or r
ecyc
ling
are
pres
ently
fro
m t
he
indu
stria
l and
hou
seho
ld s
ecto
rs. T
he in
dust
rial r
ecyc
labl
e w
aste
is w
ell t
aken
care
d of
, i.e
. firm
s of
ten
cont
ract
out
thei
r w
aste
to s
peci
fic v
endo
rs a
nd th
e
vend
ors
enjo
y a
cons
tant
and
ste
ady
supp
ly o
f m
ater
ials
as
frequ
ency
and
quan
tity
is o
ften
assu
red.
The
re a
re a
lot
of b
idde
rs in
thi
s se
ctor
and
it is
ofte
n ha
rd f
or n
ew p
laye
rs t
o br
eak
into
est
ablis
hed
netw
orks
. Th
e se
cond
sour
ce i
s fro
m h
ouse
hold
s an
d co
mm
uniti
es.
They
are
ofte
n un
pred
icta
ble
52
and
low
in v
olum
e. In
clud
ed in
this
cat
egor
y is
the
disc
arde
d m
ater
ial f
rom
the
mun
icip
al w
aste
stre
am b
ut th
ese
are
ofte
n hi
ghly
con
tam
inat
ed a
nd h
ard
to
acce
ss a
s m
uch
of it
goe
s to
the
sani
tary
land
fill a
t Pul
au B
uron
g.
Due
to th
e un
pred
icta
ble
natu
re o
f the
sup
ply,
man
y re
cycl
ers
ofte
n re
sort
to
impo
rting
dis
card
s fro
m o
ther
cou
ntrie
s. T
his
is o
ften
true
for p
last
ic a
nd p
aper
recy
clin
g in
dust
ries
whe
re
oper
atio
ns
are
alw
ays
shor
t of
m
ater
ials
fo
r
recy
clin
g. It
was
repo
rted
that
eve
ry m
onth
, 100
tonn
es o
f pla
stic
s ne
ed to
be
impo
rted
for
recy
clin
g. S
imila
rly,
Mal
aysi
a is
impo
rting
25,
000
tonn
es o
f ol
d
new
spap
er fo
r rec
yclin
g, b
ut it
was
sai
d th
at 6
0% o
f old
new
spap
er e
nds
up in
land
fills
(NS
T, 1
2/8/
03).
The
impo
rting
of p
last
ic w
aste
has
bee
n ba
nned
by
the
DO
E re
cent
ly d
ue to
conc
erns
ove
r im
porte
d ha
zard
ous
was
te.
Man
y pl
astic
rec
yclin
g op
erat
ions
have
clo
sed
dow
n an
d ou
r in
terv
iew
s w
ith m
ajor
pla
stic
rec
yclin
g op
erat
ions
indi
cate
that
ther
e ar
e ha
rdly
any
left
in th
e K
L re
gion
and
onl
y ab
out 4
-5 le
ft
in t
he c
ount
ry.
Ther
e ar
e, h
owev
er,
man
y tra
ders
who
cru
sh,
com
pact
and
bale
the
plas
tics
and
then
exp
ort t
hem
to c
ount
ries
like
Chi
na, I
ndon
esia
and
Thai
land
.
Anot
her m
ajor
issu
e af
fect
ing
the
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry is
the
risin
g co
st o
f lab
our.
The
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry is
labo
ur-in
tens
ive,
but
due
to
the
high
ly m
anua
l and
tedi
ous
natu
re o
f th
e jo
b, t
here
are
few
loca
ls w
ho a
re w
illing
tak
e it
up.
As
such
, mos
t of t
he e
stab
lishe
d re
cycl
ers
have
no
choi
ce b
ut to
em
ploy
fore
ign
labo
urer
s. L
abou
r is
one
of th
e m
ajor
pro
blem
s fa
ced
by th
e re
cycl
ing
indu
stry
.
Alth
ough
the
app
licat
ion
proc
edur
es f
or f
orei
gn l
abou
r ha
s be
en r
elax
ed t
o
incl
ude
a w
ider
ran
ge o
f na
tiona
litie
s, r
espo
nses
fro
m t
he r
ecyc
lers
and
trade
rs s
how
ed t
hat
they
stil
l fa
ce p
robl
ems
and
dela
ys i
n th
eir
appl
icat
ion
proc
ess.
Rec
yclin
g te
chno
logi
es r
equi
res
high
cap
ital
inve
stm
ent.
This
is
need
ed i
n
both
pro
duct
dev
elop
men
t an
d pr
oces
sing
tec
hnol
ogie
s. M
achi
nery
is
ofte
n
expe
nsiv
e to
impo
rt an
d di
ffere
nt ty
pes
of m
achi
nery
are
requ
ired
for r
ecyc
ling
of d
iffer
ent t
ypes
of p
last
ics,
for
inst
ance
. Per
haps
, if i
t is
bette
r co
nsol
idat
ed
and
orga
nize
d,
i.e.
if th
ere
are
som
e fo
rm o
f m
erge
rs a
nd s
harin
g of
reso
urce
s, t
he i
ndus
try c
an t
hen
oper
ate
as c
ongl
omer
ates
and
rea
p th
e
bene
fits
from
the
econ
omy
of s
cale
.
53
The
rapi
d st
udy
has
reve
aled
that
ther
e is
inde
ed w
ealth
in w
aste
, if w
e kn
ow
how
to
optim
ise
it an
d if
the
abov
e-m
entio
ned
prob
lem
s ca
n be
res
olve
d. I
n
fact
, th
e vi
abili
ty o
f th
e in
dust
ry d
epen
ds o
n ho
w w
ell
the
play
ers
and
stak
ehol
ders
can
wor
k in
syn
ergy
. Net
wor
king
is a
cru
cial
par
t of t
he re
cycl
ing
chai
n. T
he n
etw
ork
loop
com
pris
es w
aste
gen
erat
ors,
col
lect
ors,
age
nts,
buye
rs a
nd fa
ctor
ies
that
per
form
the
actu
al re
cycl
ing.
The
recy
clin
g w
heel
will
not f
unct
ion
wel
l if t
here
is a
bre
ak o
r dis
rupt
ion
in th
is c
hain
. Thu
s, s
ome
kind
of m
echa
nism
nee
ds to
be
esta
blis
hed
to e
nsur
e th
is c
hain
is c
ompl
ete
and
runs
effi
cien
tly.
The
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry i
s an
ind
ustry
tha
t is
wor
th p
ublic
supp
ort
and
priv
ate
sect
or r
esou
rce
inve
stm
ents
. The
Gov
ernm
ent
is c
ruci
al
in p
rovi
ding
the
cata
lytic
role
in e
nsur
ing
that
the
whe
el ru
ns s
moo
thly
.
Sinc
e la
ndfil
ls a
re n
o lo
nger
an
optio
n fo
r fu
ture
han
dlin
g of
was
tes,
ther
e is
an u
rgen
t ne
ed t
o lo
ok i
nto
vario
us a
ltern
ativ
e te
chno
logi
es a
vaila
ble.
In
char
ting
the
new
stra
tegi
es fo
r the
futu
re s
olid
was
te m
anag
emen
t in
Pen
ang,
the
gove
rnm
ent n
eeds
to ta
ke re
sour
ce c
onse
rvat
ion
and
long
-term
eco
nom
ic
viab
ility
as
two
impo
rtant
crit
eria
in it
s de
cisi
ons.
It
shou
ld s
trive
to
crea
te a
win
-win
situ
atio
n w
here
all
sect
ors
coul
d be
nefit
fro
m a
n in
tegr
ated
and
coor
dina
ted
mec
hani
sm.
The
gove
rnm
ent
need
s to
se
rious
ly
look
in
to
inte
grat
ed a
nd o
rgan
ized
res
ourc
e re
cove
ry te
chno
logi
es o
r fa
cilit
ies,
as
it is
not o
nly
an o
ptio
n th
at c
ould
sol
ve th
e w
aste
man
agem
ent p
robl
em, b
ut a
lso
cont
ribut
e to
war
ds p
rote
ctio
n of
env
ironm
ent
and
gene
ratio
n of
eco
nom
ic
oppo
rtuni
ties.
The
se s
uppo
rt m
echa
nism
s co
uld
take
man
y fo
rms,
suc
h as
prov
isio
n of
a c
entra
lized
spa
ce f
or s
tora
ge;
logi
stic
s an
d in
frast
ruct
ure;
enab
ling
law
s; a
s w
ell a
s pr
ovid
ing
ince
ntiv
es to
mak
e su
re th
at th
e re
cycl
ing
busi
ness
is v
iabl
e to
all
stak
ehol
ders
in th
e co
mpo
nent
s of
the
whe
el.
54
10. C
ON
CLU
SIO
N &
LES
SON
S LE
AR
NT
Res
ults
indi
cate
d th
at t
he a
mou
nt o
f re
cycl
able
s di
verte
d fro
m t
he S
anita
ry
Land
fill j
umpe
d fro
m 5
8 m
etric
tons
in 2
000
to 4
4,09
4 m
etric
tons
in 2
004.
The
savi
ngs
from
thi
s di
vers
ion
is R
M13
3 X
44,
093
whi
ch is
abo
ut R
M5.
86
mill
ion
(US$
1.54
mill
ion)
in
2004
. Th
is d
oes
not
take
int
o ac
coun
t th
e
inta
ngib
le b
enef
its.
The
prog
ram
me
to r
educ
e w
aste
and
div
ert w
aste
to th
e
land
fill i
s su
stai
nabl
e as
all
the
stak
ehol
ders
are
invo
lved
in t
he p
rogr
amm
e
and
not d
epen
dent
onl
y on
the
Gov
ernm
ent’s
effo
rts. C
omm
unity
aw
aren
ess
and
invo
lvem
ent i
s a
cruc
ial f
acto
r to
this
sel
f sus
tain
ing
effo
rt.
To fu
rther
impr
ove
the
dive
rsio
n ra
te to
the
land
fill,
com
post
ing
at h
ouse
hold
,
com
mun
ity a
nd m
unic
ipal
leve
l is
bein
g pl
anne
d. e
-was
te is
als
o be
ing
colle
cted
by
recy
clin
g ag
ents
and
pro
cess
ors
for r
esou
rce
reco
very
. The
Sta
te
Gov
ernm
ent i
s co
nsid
erin
g th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent o
f res
ourc
e re
cove
ry c
entre
s at
the
exis
ting
Tran
sfer
Sta
tion
and
Sani
tary
Lan
dfill.
Oth
er s
ubst
antia
l res
ults
and
inta
ngib
le b
enef
its in
clud
e:
o
Com
plem
entin
g th
e G
over
nmen
t’s e
fforts
to p
rom
ote
recy
clin
g an
d
com
post
ing
o
No
addi
tiona
l sta
ff ne
eded
to b
e em
ploy
ed b
y M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
o
Activ
e in
volv
emen
t of N
eigh
bour
hood
Wat
ch G
roup
s
o
Form
atio
n a
netw
ork
of re
cycl
ing
agen
ts a
nd s
take
hold
ers
in th
e
recy
clin
g in
dust
ry
o
Info
rmat
ion
and
data
base
on
SW
M in
Pen
ang
star
ted.
o
1-st
op re
fere
nce
poin
t for
peo
ple
on S
WM
o
Incr
ease
d aw
aren
ess
of th
e ci
tizen
s re
gard
ing
recy
clin
g an
d
com
post
ing
o
Em
ploy
men
t cre
atio
n th
roug
h re
cycl
ing
and
reso
urce
reco
very
.
o
Web
site
: ww
w.p
ewog
.org
cre
ated
and
mai
ntai
ned
thro
ugh
priv
ate
sect
or e
fforts
.
The
PPP
mod
el a
nd t
he e
stab
lishm
ent
of P
EWO
G t
o in
volv
e th
e va
rious
stak
ehol
ders
is
a lo
w c
ost
mec
hani
sm t
hat
is b
ased
on
smar
t pa
rtner
ship
s
and
win
-win
ap
proa
ch.
The
tripa
rtite
re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n G
over
nmen
t,
55
Com
mun
ity a
nd P
rivat
e B
usin
esse
s pu
ts e
qual
em
phas
is o
n th
e im
porta
nce
of th
e ro
les
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of e
ach
partn
er. T
his
mod
el is
sus
tain
able
and
can
be e
asily
repl
icat
ed a
t the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent l
evel
.
The
Pena
ng M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
and
PEW
OG
is
cont
inui
ng i
ts e
fforts
to
impr
ove
the
situ
atio
n. T
he S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t pro
gram
me
prop
osed
for
Pen
ang
is
a st
rate
gy
for
furth
er
reso
urce
re
cove
ry
utiliz
ing
Was
te
Man
agem
ent
Cen
tres
that
inco
rpor
ate
was
te s
epar
atio
n p
roce
sses
cou
pled
with
th
e re
cycl
ing
of
inor
gani
c w
aste
, co
mpo
stin
g of
or
gani
c w
aste
at
mun
icip
al l
evel
. Th
is i
s w
orks
in
tand
em w
ith t
he e
fforts
for
rec
yclin
g an
d
com
post
ing
at c
omm
unity
leve
l. Th
e w
ill b
e a
sign
ifica
nt d
iver
sion
of
was
te
ente
ring
the
land
fill a
s re
cycl
able
s an
d co
mpo
st is
take
n aw
ay fr
om th
e w
aste
stre
am.
The
resi
due
that
fin
ally
ent
ers
the
land
fill w
ill b
e as
low
as
15-2
0%.
This
pro
long
s th
e lif
espa
n of
the
land
fill f
rom
4 -
6 ye
ars
to lo
nger
.
The
func
tiona
l tri
parti
te
inte
r-re
latio
nshi
ps
betw
een
the
Gov
ernm
ent,
Com
mun
ity a
nd P
rivat
e Se
ctor
and
the
ir pr
imar
y ro
les
tow
ards
ach
ievi
ng a
n
Inte
grat
ed S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
can
be
sum
mar
ized
in th
e ch
art
belo
w.
Inte
rnat
iona
l age
ncie
s ha
ve a
lso
iden
tifie
d P
enan
g Is
land
for
impl
emen
tatio
n
of p
roje
cts
on S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t:
2003
/04
UN
DP-
PPPU
E P
ublic
Priv
ate
Partn
ersh
ips
in C
omm
unity
Was
te
Rec
yclin
g an
d W
aste
Man
agem
ent.
2005
JI
CA
Stu
dy o
n N
atio
nal W
aste
Min
imiz
atio
n in
Mal
aysi
a –
Pilo
t
Proj
ect
for
Loca
l Rec
yclin
g N
etw
ork
and
Sou
rce
Sep
arat
ion
of
Mun
icip
al S
olid
Was
te in
the
Pena
ng M
unic
ipal
cou
ncil
(PP-
II)
2005
G
reen
Pro
duct
ivity
Dem
onst
ratio
n Pr
ogra
m In
Mal
aysi
a - S
olid
Was
te M
anag
emen
t and
Gre
enin
g of
The
Hot
el B
elt i
n B
atu
Ferri
nghi
and
Uni
vers
iti S
ains
Mal
aysi
a, P
enan
g
The
Pen
ang
Isla
nd M
unic
ipal
Cou
ncil
and
Sta
te G
over
nmen
t is
very
opt
imis
tic
that
its
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e w
ill fu
rther
gro
w a
nd e
xpan
d w
ith th
e co
ntin
uing
56
colla
bora
tion
of c
omm
unity
, ci
vil s
ocie
ty o
rgan
isat
ion,
priv
ate
sect
or a
nd t
he
Fede
ral G
over
nmen
t. P
enan
g’s
SW
M S
trate
gy f
or w
aste
min
imiz
atio
n an
d
dive
rsio
n fro
m it
s la
ndfil
l are
fin
ally
;
Cle
an P
rodu
ctio
n w
ith t
he u
se o
f no
n-
toxi
c, r
ecyc
labl
e, b
iode
grad
able
com
pone
nts
in m
anuf
actu
ring
and
pack
agin
g
of p
rodu
cts,
em
phas
ize
on C
orpo
rate
Pro
duce
r R
espo
nsib
ility
; and
Res
ourc
e
Rec
over
y. T
he R
ecyc
ling
Whe
el s
how
n be
low
sho
ws
role
of
the
diffe
rent
play
ers
in t
he r
ecyc
ling
proc
ess.
The
dev
elop
men
t of
Pen
ang’
s re
cycl
ing
netw
ork
is b
ased
on
this
pro
cess
of m
ater
ial f
low
and
the
diffe
rent
app
roac
hes
are
also
dev
elop
ed a
roun
d th
is m
odel
.
Res
ourc
e R
ecov
ery
wou
ld in
clud
e w
aste
sep
arat
ion
at s
ourc
e co
mpo
stin
g of
orga
nic
mat
eria
ls a
nd r
emov
al o
f hou
seho
ld h
azar
dous
was
te fr
om th
e w
aste
stre
am. I
t is
hope
d th
at w
ith th
e im
plem
enta
tion
of p
rope
r st
rate
gies
, Pen
ang
will
hea
d to
war
ds “
ZER
O W
ASTE
”. W
e ar
e no
t th
ere
yet
but
we
are
on o
ur
way
!
57
APP
END
IX
CA
SE S
TUD
IES:
C
ase
Stu
dy 1
: E
SH
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t Sdn
Bhd
Cas
e S
tudy
2:
Hos
pita
l Lam
Wah
Ee
Cas
e St
udy
3: A
SE E
lect
roni
cs (M
) Sdn
Bhd
Cas
e S
tudy
4:
Sek
olah
Men
enga
h K
eban
gsaa
n S
unga
i Ara
58
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 1:
ESH
RES
OU
RC
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T SD
N B
HD
Fr
om w
aste
pic
ker t
o pa
per r
ecyc
ling
gian
t - a
per
sona
l suc
cess
sto
ry
Sinc
e 14
, Le
slie
Lim
Yu
Chi
n ha
s
vow
ed
to
beco
me
a su
cces
sful
entre
pren
eur.
Leav
ing
scho
ol w
as a
natu
ral
choi
ce f
or h
im a
nd h
e ha
s
sinc
e he
ld v
ario
us j
obs
such
as
a
haw
ker,
wai
ter,
furn
iture
app
rent
ice
and
popc
orn
selle
r. H
is
shee
r
dete
rmin
atio
n an
d in
volv
emen
t in
the
busi
ness
wor
ld a
t a v
ery
youn
g ag
e he
lped
to p
ave
the
way
for
his
succ
ess
late
r. A
t the
age
of 1
8, w
hile
wal
king
on
the
road
one
day
, he
disc
over
ed th
at
rubb
ish
was
dum
ped
at t
he r
oads
ide
indi
scrim
inat
ely.
Tha
t ga
ve h
im a
n
insp
iratio
n, h
e th
ough
t, “W
hy d
on’t
I tu
rn t
he w
aste
to
mon
ey?”
With
thi
s
brilli
ant i
dea,
he
star
ted
to c
olle
ct n
ewsp
aper
s fro
m h
ouse
to h
ouse
in K
uala
Lum
pur,
usin
g a
smal
l van
. La
ter,
he d
ecid
ed t
o m
ove
to P
enan
g as
he
felt
that
Pen
ang
has
a bi
gger
pot
entia
l mar
ket.
At a
tim
e w
hen
nobo
dy ta
lked
abo
ut re
cycl
ing,
Mr.
Lim
was
alre
ady
a pi
onee
r
in th
is p
oten
tially
lucr
ativ
e bu
t unk
now
n te
rrito
ry. T
oday
, at 3
8, M
r. Li
m is
the
prou
d ow
ner
of E
SH R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent
Sdn
Bhd
., a
maj
or r
ecyc
ling
trade
r in
Pen
ang.
ES
H h
as p
lant
s in
Jur
u an
d B
atu
Mau
ng, o
wns
mor
e th
an
20 tr
ucks
and
lorr
ies
and
empl
oys
mor
e th
an 8
0 w
orke
rs.
ES
H R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent S
dn B
hd to
day,
is
com
pany
that
spe
cial
izes
in re
cycl
able
was
te.
They
hav
e be
en o
fferin
g th
is s
ervi
ce s
ince
1985
. Cur
rent
ly, t
hey
are
base
d in
Pen
ang
with
thei
r Hea
d O
ffice
at J
uru
(mai
nlan
d) a
nd
Bran
ch O
ffice
at B
atu
Mau
ng (i
slan
d). T
hey
are
also
an
ISO
9001
cer
tifie
d co
mpa
ny s
ince
200
3. T
hey
have
bee
n w
orki
ng
toge
ther
with
man
y M
NC
s, S
MIs
, Gov
ernm
enta
l / N
on-g
over
nmen
tal a
genc
ies
and
indi
vidu
als
in th
e ef
fort
to p
rom
ote
“A L
ifest
yle
of R
ecyc
ling.
”
59
Thei
r phi
loso
phy
is to
pro
vide
relia
ble,
con
fiden
tial a
nd p
rofe
ssio
nal s
ervi
ce to
thei
r cu
stom
ers;
hav
ing
the
flexi
bilit
y of
usi
ng s
mal
l tru
cks,
trai
lers
and
rol
l-off
cont
aine
rs w
hich
allo
ws
them
to
acco
mm
odat
e th
e re
quire
men
ts o
f ea
ch
indi
vidu
al c
usto
mer
.
The
com
pany
acc
epts
var
ious
grad
es o
f pap
er, p
last
ics,
met
als,
woo
d, te
xtile
s, g
lass
, tin
, alu
min
ium
cans
, rub
ber,
elec
trica
l and
elec
troni
c sc
raps
as
wel
l as
othe
r
emer
ging
recy
clab
les.
It p
rovi
des
hand
ling
and
proc
essi
ng s
ervi
ces
for t
he re
cove
ry o
f all
type
s of
mat
eria
ls a
nd re
sour
ces.
ESH
als
o pr
ovid
es w
aste
man
agem
ent a
nd re
cycl
ing
cons
ulta
ncy
serv
ices
such
as
colle
ctio
n, s
ortin
g, tr
ansp
orta
tion,
recy
clin
g an
d re
sour
ce re
cove
ry
and
was
te d
ispo
sal.
Ser
vice
s ar
e al
so a
vaila
ble
to a
id c
usto
mer
s in
dis
posi
ng
thei
r unu
sabl
e w
aste
to th
e la
ndfil
l is
also
ava
ilabl
e. T
his
uniq
ue s
ervi
ce
com
es a
s pa
rt of
a to
tal w
aste
man
agem
ent s
olut
ion
to th
eir c
usto
mer
s.
ESH
will
also
pro
vide
bin
s to
cus
tom
ers
upon
requ
est f
or re
cycl
able
item
s to
mak
e it
hass
le fr
ee fo
r cus
tom
ers.
Its
abi
lity
to p
rovi
de c
onfid
entia
l and
prof
essi
onal
ser
vice
s in
han
dlin
g P&
C (P
rivat
e an
d C
onfid
entia
l) do
cum
ents
disp
osal
has
ear
ned
all r
ound
pra
ises
. Th
e co
mpa
ny a
lso
prov
ides
regu
lato
ry
assi
stan
ce, l
abor
ator
y se
rvic
es, a
naly
tical
sup
port,
pro
ject
man
agem
ent a
nd
prof
essi
onal
adv
ice
for r
ecyc
ling
and
reso
urce
reco
very
.
Rec
ently
, ESH
has
em
bark
ed o
n a
very
uni
que
atte
mpt
to a
id s
mal
l tim
e
was
te p
icke
rs a
nd c
olle
ctor
s at
the
com
mun
ity le
vel
by p
rovi
ding
them
with
mot
oris
ed tr
icyc
les
so th
at
they
are
abl
e to
col
lect
recy
clab
les
in th
eir
neig
hbou
rhoo
d to
sel
l and
gen
erat
e so
me
inco
me.
60
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 2
– H
OSP
ITA
L LA
M W
AH
EE
The
idea
of
setti
ng u
p a
com
mun
ity h
ealth
care
cen
tre in
Pen
ang
was
firs
t moo
ted
by a
few
Chi
nese
com
mun
ity le
ader
s in
187
6 an
d
a fu
nd-r
aisi
ng c
ampa
ign
was
sub
sequ
ently
laun
ched
. A
tradi
tiona
l-sty
le
build
ing
was
com
plet
ed i
n 18
83 o
n a
plot
of
land
abo
ut
10,6
00
sq.
ft.
at
Mun
tri
Stre
et.
This
w
as
know
n as
the
Lam
Wah
Ee
Hos
pita
l. “L
am
Wah
” mea
ns “C
hine
se in
the
Sou
th” a
nd “E
e”
mea
ns “m
edic
ine”
.
Afte
r th
e W
ar,
anot
her
cam
paig
n w
as l
aunc
hed
to c
olle
ct d
onat
ions
for
rebu
ildin
g as
the
tradi
tiona
l-sty
le b
uild
ing
in M
untri
Stre
et w
as d
estro
yed
by a
ir
raid
s du
ring
the
War
. In
1955
, the
pre
sent
two-
stor
ey b
uild
ing
was
com
plet
ed.
The
Bea
ch S
treet
bra
nch
was
mov
ed t
o G
reen
Lan
e in
ord
er t
o be
nefit
the
peop
le i
n th
e Je
luto
ng a
nd G
reen
Lan
e ar
eas.
The
Gre
en L
ane
bran
ch i
s
situ
ated
on
a pi
ece
of la
nd d
onat
ed t
o th
e H
ospi
tal b
y th
e B
ritis
h E
ast
Indi
a
Com
pany
muc
h ea
rlier
. Th
is la
nd is
to
beco
me
the
site
for
the
new
hos
pita
l
toda
y.
The
Lam
Wah
Ee
Hos
pita
l at
firs
t re
lied
upon
the
ser
vice
s of
exp
erie
nced
tradi
tiona
l phy
sici
ans
or “
sins
ehs”
who
cam
e fro
m C
hina
. La
ter
a sy
stem
of
exam
inat
ions
con
duct
ed b
y a
com
mitt
ee o
f mas
ter
“sin
sehs
” w
as in
trodu
ced
as a
sel
ectio
n de
vice
to m
aint
ain
stan
dard
s an
d to
enc
oura
ge y
oung
er p
eopl
e
to ta
ke u
p th
e st
udy
of tr
aditi
onal
med
icin
e. T
his
syst
em is
stil
l bei
ng p
ract
iced
toda
y.
The
adve
nt o
f Wes
tern
med
icin
e ca
me
abou
t in
1983
, a c
entu
ry la
ter.
The
CO
RE
VA
LUE
S p
ract
ices
by
the
hosp
ital a
re C
arin
g fo
r the
pat
ient
,
com
mun
ity a
nd th
e en
viro
nmen
t.
61
Thei
r rec
yclin
g pr
ojec
t sta
rted
in 2
003
with
the
follo
win
g ob
ject
ives
: 1.
To
pro
tect
the
envi
ronm
ent.
2.
To g
ener
ate
fund
s fo
r sta
ff w
elfa
re.
e.g.
- Te
rmin
ally
ill/L
ong
term
illn
ess.
- D
eath
of s
taff.
- St
aff e
ncou
nter
with
nat
ural
dis
aste
rs s
uch
as
flood
/fire
/land
slid
es,
etc.
A br
ief
hist
ory
of t
he e
vent
s th
at b
roug
ht t
hem
to
the
pres
ent
stag
e of
recy
clin
g ac
tiviti
es is
as
follo
ws
1997
-200
2 -
Tzu
Chi
Bud
dhis
t Mer
it So
ciet
y &
Eden
Han
dica
p fo
r pa
per
and
card
boar
d
Oth
er s
taff
from
a fe
w w
ards
als
o pr
actis
ed re
cycl
ing
1st T
alk
by M
r Don
at T
hese
ria a
nd M
s M
ylen
e O
oi o
n 18
/06/
2002
Rec
yclin
g C
omm
ittee
form
ed o
n 28
/06/
2002
2nd t
alk
on “
Rec
yclin
g” b
y Tu
an H
aji
Zulk
ifli,
Sen
ior
Hea
lth I
nspe
ctor
fro
m
MPP
P, 2
2/10
/02
The
Rec
yclin
g Pr
ojec
t C
omm
ittee
was
set
up
on 2
8 Ju
ne 2
002
with
19
Com
mitt
ee M
embe
rs
and
thei
r dut
ies
incl
ude:
Bim
onth
ly m
eetin
gs a
re h
eld
All
Com
mitt
ee
Mem
bers
ta
ke
turn
s to
do
sorti
ng a
nd v
erify
ing
Sor
ting
-
Sor
t ou
t th
e re
cycl
able
ite
ms
acco
rdin
g to
the
ir ca
tego
ries
one
day
befo
re
the
sale
.
Verif
ying
- V
erify
the
wei
ght o
f rec
ycla
ble
item
s.
RM
30 p
enal
ty w
ill be
enf
orce
d up
on a
ny m
embe
r w
ho fa
iled
to s
erve
on
the
day
rost
ered
for h
is/h
er d
uty.
But
if th
e m
embe
r is
able
to fi
nd re
plac
emen
t to
fulfi
ll th
is d
uty,
the
RM
30 p
enal
ty is
wai
ved.
The
follo
win
g ite
ms
are
colle
cted
by
the
hosp
ital.
• O
ld N
ewsp
aper
s
62
• Bo
oks/
Mag
azin
es/L
oose
Pap
ers
• C
ardb
oard
s
• C
lear
Pla
stic
Bot
tles
• C
olou
red
Pla
stic
Bot
tles
• D
rip B
ottle
s
• G
lass
Bot
tles
• Ti
ns/C
ans
/Coo
king
Oil
Bot
tles
• A
lum
inum
Can
s
• P
last
ic B
ags
• W
eara
ble
Old
Clo
thes
• O
ld C
ar B
atte
ries
Sour
ces
of th
ese
item
s co
me
from
hos
pita
ls a
nd
hous
ehol
d re
cycl
able
s br
ough
t in
by th
e st
aff
mem
bers
. Upo
n re
ceip
t of t
he re
cycl
able
s, th
ey
are
bein
g so
rted
out a
nd v
erifi
ed.
Cha
lleng
e tro
phie
s ar
e al
so h
ande
d ou
t for
:
Bes
t Man
agem
ent i
n ca
tego
risin
g re
cycl
able
item
s co
llect
ed
Bes
t Pe
rfor
man
ce in
hou
seho
ld r
ecyc
labl
e ite
ms
colle
cted
H
ighe
st W
eigh
t in
hous
ehol
d re
cycl
able
item
s co
llect
ed: -
Up
till
the
end
of 2
004,
the
hos
pita
l ha
s m
anag
ed t
o re
cycl
e a
tota
l of
160,
531k
g an
d co
llect
ed a
reve
nue
of R
M 3
6, 2
89.4
9.
Dat
e To
tal W
eigh
t S
ales
July
-Dec
200
2 21
,017
.90
kg
RM
3,65
3.19
Jan-
Dec
200
3 56
,929
.20
kg
RM
13,5
03.1
8
Jan-
Dec
200
4 82
,583
.90
kg
RM
19,1
33.1
2
Tota
l 16
0,53
1.00
kg
RM
36,2
89.4
9
63
They
bel
ieve
that
they
hav
e ac
hiev
ed th
e fo
llow
ing:
•
Fulfi
ll ou
r obj
ectiv
es
• Ab
le to
hel
p m
ore
unfo
rtuna
te s
taff
• Fo
ster
bet
ter r
elat
ions
hip
amon
g w
ards
and
dep
artm
ents
• Ab
le to
mot
ivat
e th
e w
hole
hos
pita
l to
parti
cipa
te in
the
recy
clin
g
prog
ram
me
64
CA
SE S
TUD
Y 3:
ASE
ELE
CTR
ON
ICS
(M) S
DN
BH
D
AS
E M
alay
sia
esta
blis
hed
in 1
991,
prov
ides
a fu
ll ra
nge
of IC
pac
kagi
ng,
test
ing
and
‘ tur
nkey
‘ se
rvic
es in
one
conv
enie
nt lo
catio
n.
In M
arch
199
7, A
SE T
est L
imite
d, th
e
wor
ld’s
larg
est i
ndep
ende
nt in
tegr
ated
Circ
uit T
estin
g ho
use
acqu
ired
100
%
equi
ty in
tere
st in
AS
E M
alay
sia.
AS
E M
alay
sia
serv
es a
larg
e cu
stom
er
base
in th
e co
mm
unic
atio
ns, c
ompu
ting,
indu
stria
l and
aut
omot
ive
mar
kets
.
Thro
ugh
high
ly a
utom
ated
man
ufac
turin
g pr
oces
ses
and
stat
e-of
-the-
art
equi
pmen
t, w
e ha
ve d
evel
oped
cap
abilit
ies
to a
ssem
ble
and
test
pac
kage
s
such
as
QFP
s, T
QFP
s, B
GA
s, S
OIC
s, S
OJs
, PD
IPs
and
Flip
Chi
p.
AS
E M
alay
sia
obta
ined
ISO
900
2 &
QS
9000
, cer
tific
atio
ns fr
om N
V K
ema
(Hol
land
) in
Apr
il 19
93 &
Jun
e 19
98 re
spec
tivel
y an
d IS
O 1
4001
cer
tific
atio
n
from
SIR
IM in
Oct
ober
199
9. R
even
ue h
as g
row
n fro
m U
SD 1
.5 m
illion
in
1992
to U
SD
302
milli
on in
200
4.
AS
E h
as b
een
recy
clin
g so
me
of th
eir d
isca
rds
as s
crap
s si
nce
1997
.
ITE
MS
ALR
EA
DY
BE
EN
RE
CYC
LE U
ND
ER
VAL
UE
SC
RA
P
i
. C
ARTO
N (B
OX)
- S
INC
E 1
997
ii.
TU
BE
- S
INC
E 2
000
iii.
TR
AY
- S
INC
E 2
000
iv
. CO
PP
ER
- SIN
CE
199
6
v. D
AMAG
ED U
NIT
/ SC
RAP
(
cont
ent g
old
wire
)
- SIN
CE
199
6
vi. P
AP
ER
- S
INC
E 2
000
65
Pro
per r
ecyc
ling
activ
ities
wer
e st
arte
d at
the
24 O
ctob
er 2
002.
AS
E re
cycl
ing
com
mitt
ee w
as s
et u
p on
22n
d Ja
nuar
y 20
03 w
ith 1
5 m
embe
rs. U
p til
l now
,
mem
bers
hav
e in
crea
sed
to 2
6 m
embe
rs fr
om e
very
dep
artm
ent.
The
prog
ram
was
firs
t la
unch
ed a
t pl
ant
1 on
05t
h
Febr
uary
200
3 fo
llow
ed b
y pl
ant
2 &
plan
t 3.
The
conc
ept
of h
avin
g on
e de
partm
ent
with
one
rec
ycle
bin
for
recy
cle
pape
r is
a s
impl
e bu
t ye
t ef
fect
ive.
Thei
r ob
ject
ive
is t
o se
greg
ate
the
was
te f
or r
ecyc
le
from
the
begi
nnin
g. A
ll of
fice
pape
r mus
t be
recy
cled
.
as t
his
form
s up
to
40%
of
solid
was
te in
AS
E.
The
prog
ram
me
is u
nder
the
res
pons
ibilit
y of
the
A
SE
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e co
mm
ittee
mem
bers
To
tal W
eigh
t And
Val
ue O
f Rec
ycla
bles
Col
lect
ed 2
003-
2005
Year
W
eigh
t (k
g)
Valu
e (R
M)
2003
16,1
18
6,38
4.40
2004
15,7
85
6,31
4.00
2005
(Jan
-Jul
y)
4,
939
2,
963.
40
Tota
l
36,8
42
15,6
61.8
0 S
taff
of A
SE
is e
ncou
rage
d to
brin
g in
the
ir re
cycl
able
item
s on
ce a
mon
th.
Thes
e ar
e th
en s
orte
d, w
eigh
ed a
nd s
old
to a
rec
yclin
g ve
ndor
. All
proc
eeds
go i
nto
the
acco
unt
of t
he r
ecyc
ling
com
mitt
ee f
or e
nviro
nmen
tal
activ
ities
.
They
col
lect
ed o
ver
RM
1566
1.80
wor
th o
f rec
ycla
bles
wei
ghin
g ar
ound
36.
8
tonn
es fr
om 2
003
-200
5 (J
an-J
uly)
.
The
recy
clin
g te
am a
lso
mak
es i
ts o
wn
recy
clin
g bi
ns f
rom
old
car
dboa
rd
boxe
s. T
hese
are
the
n pa
inte
d gr
een
with
a b
iode
grad
able
org
anic
pai
nt
mad
e fro
m p
lant
dye
. Suc
h bi
ns a
re p
lace
d in
all
offic
es fo
r th
e co
llect
ion
of
pape
rs, n
ewsp
aper
s an
d m
agaz
ines
.
In im
plem
entin
g th
e 1
Dep
artm
ent,
1
recy
clin
g bi
n pr
ogra
mm
e an
d al
so b
y go
ing
66
as p
aper
less
to re
duce
the
usag
e of
pap
er, A
SE h
as b
een
able
to a
chie
ve a
20%
cos
t sav
ing
sin
pape
r. Th
is is
don
e by
goi
ng o
nlin
e w
ith th
eir t
rain
ing
requ
ests
and
reco
rds,
sto
ring
data
ele
ctro
nica
lly in
stea
d of
har
d co
pies
and
goin
g on
line
with
thei
r app
licat
ion
proc
ess.
The
y al
so p
rovi
de p
aper
less
circ
ulat
ion
of in
form
atio
n by
goi
ng o
nlin
e an
d th
is c
ontri
bute
s to
war
ds a
pape
rless
offi
ce.
AS
E h
as a
lso
a se
para
te b
ay fo
r th
e
colle
ctio
n of
sch
edul
ed w
aste
. The
se
are
kept
in
a
secu
red
area
an
d
colle
cted
by
Kua
liti A
lam
who
is t
he
cont
ract
or fo
r sch
edul
ed w
aste
.
The
Rec
yclin
g C
omm
ittee
is a
s sh
own
in th
e pi
ctur
e be
low
.
67
CA
SE S
TU
DY
4: S
EK
OL
AH
ME
NE
NG
AH
KE
BA
NG
SAA
N S
G
AR
A
Seko
lah
Keb
angs
aan
Sung
ai A
ra is
one
of t
he e
xem
plar
y sc
hool
s in
Pen
ang
that
has
dev
elop
ed a
ver
y co
mpr
ehen
sive
and
hol
istic
pro
gram
me
to fu
rther
impr
ove
the
envi
ronm
ent o
f the
sch
ool.
Visi
on
The
Vis
ion
is to
tran
sfor
m th
e
scho
ol in
to a
bea
utifu
l gar
den
scho
ol a
nd to
kee
p th
e
envi
ronm
ent c
lean
and
bea
utifu
l by
prac
ticin
g 3R
(Red
uce,
Reu
se &
Rec
ycle
)
Mis
sion
The
Mis
sion
obj
ectiv
es o
f the
scho
ol a
re:
• to
tran
sfor
m th
e S
MK
Sung
ai A
ra in
to a
Gar
den
Scho
ol in
resp
onse
to th
e
coun
try’s
asp
iratio
n of
beco
min
g a
Gar
den
natio
n
• to
car
ry o
ut a
ctiv
ities
for t
he 3
r Pro
gram
mes
(Red
uce,
Reu
se, R
ecyc
le)
• to
take
car
e of
the
envi
ronm
ent
• to
win
the
chie
f Min
iste
r’s G
reen
Aw
ard
Obj
ectiv
es a
nd g
oals
The
Com
mitt
ee b
elie
ves
that
the
obje
ctiv
es a
nd g
oals
for f
ulfil
ling
the
mis
sion
can
be a
chie
ved
thro
ugh
goto
ng ro
yong
, Gar
den
Bea
utifi
catio
n, T
ree
Plan
ting
Cam
paig
ns a
nd R
ecyc
ling
Com
petit
ions
, Cle
an a
nd C
heer
ful c
lass
room
cond
ition
s.
68
Rec
yclin
g is
aim
ed a
t kee
ping
the
scho
ol c
lean
and
sav
ing
natu
ral r
esou
rces
thro
ugh
the
colle
ctio
n of
rec
ycla
bles
tha
t th
e sc
hool
stu
dent
s an
d st
aff
brin
g
from
hom
e ev
ery
last
Frid
ay o
f th
e m
onth
. Th
ese
recy
clab
les
are
faith
fully
wei
ghed
bef
ore
a re
cycl
ing
agen
t co
llect
s th
em o
n th
e sa
me
day.
thi
s
met
hods
ens
ures
that
the
scho
ol d
oes
not h
ave
to p
rovi
de s
tora
ge s
pace
for
recy
clab
les.
Reu
se is
bei
ng p
ract
iced
to re
duce
the
amou
nt o
f fe
rtiliz
er u
se t
hrou
gh t
he
prac
tice
of
com
post
ing
to
prod
uce
orga
nic
ferti
lizer
by
suin
g al
l foo
d an
d
gard
en
was
te
colle
cted
fro
m
the
scho
ol
cant
een.
Th
is
also
pr
even
ts
pollu
tion
of
the
envi
ronm
ent
and
indi
scrim
inat
e du
mpi
ng o
f lef
tove
r foo
d.
Anot
her w
ay is
to re
duce
the
amou
nt
of w
ater
and
ele
ctric
ity c
onsu
mpt
ion.
This
hel
ps c
uts
dow
n th
e co
sts
and
the
savi
ng o
f nat
ural
reso
urce
s.
Stic
kers
to s
ave
wat
er a
nd e
lect
ricity
are
bein
g pl
aced
at s
trate
gic
plac
es
in th
e sc
hool
to re
min
d bo
th s
taff
and
stud
ents
to s
witc
h of
f the
elec
trici
ty a
fter u
se a
nd to
mak
e su
re
that
wat
er is
not
was
ted
by tu
rnin
g of
f tap
s an
d re
pairi
ng le
akag
es.
Che
mic
al w
aste
fro
m t
he s
choo
l sci
ence
labo
rato
ries
are
bein
g di
spos
ed o
ff
follo
win
g st
rict g
uide
lines
set
by
the
scho
ol.
Noi
se a
nd a
ir po
llutio
n is
kep
t to
a m
inim
um b
y no
t allo
win
g sc
hool
bus
es to
ente
r the
sch
ool c
ompo
und
and
also
thro
ugh
the
plan
ting
of m
ore
trees
.
69
Publ
icity
to
arou
se t
he a
war
enes
s of
the
sch
ool
staf
f an
d st
uden
ts o
f th
e
obje
ctiv
es o
f ke
epin
g th
e en
viro
nmen
t cl
ean,
gre
en a
nd b
eaut
iful
is b
y
orga
nizi
ng a
war
enes
s ac
tiviti
es th
roug
h ou
t the
yea
r.
70
The
follo
win
g ta
ble
show
s th
e en
viro
nmen
tal i
ssue
s, o
bjec
tives
and
goa
ls th
at
the
scho
ol o
rgan
izin
g co
mm
ittee
has
dev
ised
for a
hol
istic
and
com
preh
ensi
ve
prog
ram
me.
No
Envi
ronm
enta
l Is
sues
Add
ress
ed
Obj
ectiv
es
Goa
ls
1 P
aper
Was
te
Rec
yclin
g &
Reu
seN
o w
asta
ge, r
educ
e th
e
amou
nt o
f rub
bish
2 C
ante
en W
aste
R
euse
C
ompo
stin
g, re
duce
the
amou
nt o
f foo
d w
aste
3 La
bora
tory
Was
te
Cle
anlin
ess
Toxi
c w
aste
are
sep
arat
ed,
treat
ed a
nd d
ispo
sed
off
safe
ly
4 El
ectri
city
R
educ
e C
ut d
own
its u
sage
and
sav
e
natu
ral r
esou
rces
5 W
ater
R
educ
e C
ut d
own
its u
sage
and
sav
e
natu
ral r
esou
rces
7 To
ilet C
lean
lines
s C
lean
lines
s Pr
oper
cle
anin
g, p
reve
nt a
ir
pollu
tion,
cle
ar b
lock
ages
8 Sc
hool
Gro
und
Bea
utifi
catio
n
Cle
anlin
ess
&
beau
tific
atio
n
Plan
t mor
e ga
rden
s an
d
trees
thro
ugh
goto
ng-r
oyon
g
9 H
ouse
kee
ping
C
lean
lines
s G
oton
g ro
yong
and
recy
clin
g
to k
eep
clas
sroo
ms
clea
n
10S
choo
l bus
es
Cle
anlin
ess
No
bus
ins
scho
ol c
ompo
und
to c
ut d
own
on a
ir an
d no
ise
pollu
tion
11O
dour
C
lean
lines
s N
o in
disc
rimin
ate
dum
ping
of ru
bbis
h in
sch
ool
com
poun
d an
d ke
epin
g
toile
ts c
lean
12S
oil e
rosi
on
No
soil
eros
ion
Plan
t mor
e ga
rden
s, tr
ees
and
plan
ts.
71
The
amou
nt o
f rec
ycla
bles
col
lect
in y
ear 2
004
and
2005
are
as
liste
d in
the
tabl
e be
low
.
Item
s
Wei
ght (
kg)
New
spap
er
3,70
9.00
Car
dboa
rd
3,40
0.00
Alu
min
um ti
ns
13.7
0 O
ther
Met
al ti
ns
124.
50 C
olou
red
Pla
stic
Bot
tles
65
.00
Cle
ar P
last
ic B
ottle
s
213.
00 B
ottle
s
321.
00 T
otal
7,
846.
20 Th
e Sc
hool
sho
uld
be c
ongr
atul
ated
for i
ts o
utst
andi
ng e
fforts
in c
omin
g up
with
a v
ery
inno
vativ
e an
d pr
actic
al p
rogr
amm
e. E
fforts
hav
e be
en ta
ken
to
redu
ce th
e us
age
of e
lect
ricity
, wat
er, p
rintin
g pa
per,
ink
and
chem
ical
s. g
ood
reco
rds
are
bein
g ke
pt to
mon
itor t
he u
sage
of t
hese
item
s th
at a
re u
ltim
atel
y
aim
ed a
t fur
ther
fina
ncia
l sav
ings
for t
he s
choo
l and
pru
dent
use
o v
alua
ble
reso
urce
s.
Effo
rts o
n th
e co
llect
ion
of r
ecyc
labl
es a
re v
ery
com
men
dabl
e an
d th
e
parti
cipa
tion
from
bot
h th
e st
aff
and
stud
ents
ver
y en
cour
agin
g. S
uch
a
prog
ram
me
will
def
inite
ly i
ncul
cate
the
goo
d ha
bit
of r
esou
rce
cons
erva
tion
and
recy
clin
g am
ong
youn
g pe
ople
that
is b
eing
nur
ture
d in
the
scho
ol. T
he
scho
ol is
firs
t to
use
the
4 co
mpa
rtmen
t sys
tem
for
com
post
ing
cant
een
and
gard
en w
aste
whi
ch i
s a
very
a n
ew a
nd b
old
atte
mpt
tow
ard
com
mun
ity
com
post
ing.
The
scho
ol h
as a
lso
done
ver
y w
ell
in t
erm
s of
im
prov
ing
its g
arde
ns a
nd
land
scap
e ov
er
the
year
s.
Goo
d at
tem
pts
have
be
en
mad
e to
pl
ant
orna
men
tals
and
fru
it tre
es i
n th
e sc
hool
com
poun
d, t
he o
nce
barr
en h
ill
slop
es h
ave
been
reju
vena
ted
with
shr
ubs
and
orna
men
tals
.
72
INST
RU
CTI
ON
AL
GU
IDES
C
OM
POST
ING
INST
RU
CT
ION
S Th
is
set
of
inst
ruct
ions
is
in
tend
ed
for
laym
en a
nd is
not
mea
nt t
o be
a s
cien
tific
disc
ours
e on
com
post
ing.
Its
mai
n ob
ject
ive
is
to
give
a
gene
ral
over
view
of
th
e
com
post
ing
proc
ess
and
biol
ogy
as w
ell a
s
to i
ntro
duce
the
bin
met
hod
for
use
in t
he
aver
age
hous
ehol
d.
Hou
seho
lds
are
enco
urag
ed
to
expe
rimen
t, ad
apt
and
mod
ify t
he v
ario
us m
etho
ds f
or t
heir
own
use
bear
ing
in m
ind
the
few
sim
ple
rule
s
need
ed
for
com
post
ing.
Al
l co
mpo
stin
g sy
stem
s w
ill ev
entu
ally
pr
oduc
e
com
post
. It i
s on
ly th
e tim
e ta
ken
for c
ompo
st to
be
prod
uced
and
qua
lity
that
diffe
rs.
The
4 es
sent
ial
ingr
edie
nts
for
com
post
ing
to
happ
en a
re:
Bro
wns
+ G
reen
s +
Air
+ W
ater
“B
row
ns”
and
“gre
ens”
are
bio
degr
adab
le o
rgan
ic
mat
ter
whi
ch
form
s th
e m
ain
ingr
edie
nts
for
com
post
ing.
“Bro
wns
” ar
e dr
y w
oody
mat
eria
l, su
ch a
s dr
y
leav
es,
twig
s an
d st
icks
, sa
w d
ust
etc.
The
y ar
e
rich
in c
arbo
n.
“Gre
ens”
ar
e m
oist
gr
een
mat
eria
ls
such
as
vege
tabl
e sc
raps
, fru
it pe
elin
gs a
nd m
anur
e. G
reen
s ar
e ric
h in
nitr
ogen
.
Com
post
pile
s ca
n al
so b
e su
pple
men
ted
with
nitr
ogen
ous
ferti
lizer
s to
has
ten
the
deco
mpo
sitio
n pr
oces
s.
73
The
thin
gs th
at y
ou c
an u
se a
t hom
e fo
r you
r com
post
ing
bin
are:
Type
Ki
tche
n W
aste
Thes
e in
clud
e:
Fr
uit
and
vege
tabl
e w
aste
s -
ski
ns,
peel
s, s
eeds
, le
aves
, ro
ots,
cor
n co
bs
etc.
E
ntai
ls, i
nnar
ds
M
eat a
nd d
iary
pro
duct
s, e
gg s
hells
Le
ftove
r fo
od
– ric
e,
curr
ies,
pr
awn
shel
ls, b
ones
and
oth
er le
ftove
r co
oked
food
etc
Te
a ba
gs, c
offe
e gr
ound
s
N
ewsp
aper
and
car
dboa
rd
P
aper
tow
els
To
ilet p
aper
Ti
ssue
pap
er
C
ardb
oard
box
es
G
arde
n or
Yar
d W
aste
G
rass
clip
ping
s
Le
aves
W
eeds
D
ry L
eave
s
W
oody
mat
eria
ls (t
wig
s an
d br
anch
es)
S
traw
S
aw d
ust
S
oil
O
ther
Hou
seho
ld It
ems
O
ther
org
anic
pro
duct
s
Mat
eria
ls
• E
mpt
y C
ompo
st B
ins
• So
il
• Ki
tche
n W
aste
• Sh
ovel
• W
ater
Met
hod
Lay
a la
yer
of g
rave
l or
ston
es a
t the
bot
tom
of t
he c
ompo
st b
in fo
r ae
ratio
n.
Put
a la
yer
of s
oil (
abou
t 2
inch
es)
on t
op o
f th
is.
Put
in t
he b
iode
grad
able
74
was
te (
gree
ns),
follo
wed
by
brow
ns.
Rem
embe
r to
rem
ove
all
inor
gani
c
mat
eria
ls
like
plas
tic.
The
finer
yo
u ch
op
your
m
ater
ials
th
e fa
ster
deco
mpo
sitio
n w
ill ta
ke p
lace
.
· Al
l bio
degr
adab
le w
aste
(gr
eens
) sh
ould
be
com
plet
ely
cove
red
with
a
laye
r of
bro
wns
to a
void
ver
min
and
ani
mal
s su
ch a
s fli
es, c
ockr
oach
es, c
ats
and
dogs
from
dig
ging
up
the
food
. Cov
erin
g w
ith b
row
ns a
lso
prev
ents
odo
ur.
· D
o th
is e
very
day
until
the
bin
is fu
ll.
Use
the
next
com
post
bin
whe
n
the
first
one
is fu
ll.
· Yo
ur c
ompo
st f
or t
he f
irst
bin
will
be r
eady
in a
bout
4-6
wee
ks’ t
ime
(dep
endi
ng o
n ty
pe a
nd q
uant
ity o
f you
r ho
useh
old
was
te),
leav
e it
to m
atur
e
for
abou
t a w
eek
and
then
you
r co
mpo
st c
an b
e us
ed a
s fe
rtiliz
er fo
r pl
ants
,
trees
or l
awn.
· Yo
u ca
n us
e th
e bi
n ag
ain
to b
ury
your
was
te o
r us
e a
new
bin
to
cont
inue
. The
con
tent
s m
ust b
e ke
pt m
oist
at a
ll tim
es.
Toub
lesh
ootin
g
Com
post
pile
s us
ing
only
bio
degr
adab
le p
lant
mat
eria
l usu
ally
do
not s
tink
or
attra
ct v
erm
in.
How
ever
, bi
odeg
rada
ble
mat
eria
l co
nsis
ting
of f
ood
scra
ps
may
pos
e a
prob
lem
if n
ot h
andl
ed c
orre
ctly
. The
mos
t com
mon
pro
blem
s an
d
solu
tions
are
giv
en b
elow
:
75
Prob
lem
s
Cau
se
Solu
tions
Food
scr
aps
are
expo
sed.
Cov
er
food
scr
aps
with
soi
l or
brow
ns o
r bur
y an
d m
ix it
into
the
pile
.
Com
post
pile
stin
ks a
nd
attr
act f
lies
Too
wet
or
to
o m
uch
food
scra
ps in
pile
.
Add
mor
e so
il or
bro
wns
and
turn
pile
.
Pile
infe
sted
with
rode
nts
and
verm
in
Exp
osed
foo
d sc
raps
or
hole
s
larg
er th
an ¼
inch
.
Cov
er e
xpos
ed f
ood
scra
ps.
Use
rode
nt p
roof
bin
s or
con
tain
ers
or
traps
and
bai
ts.
Too
dry
Add
w
ater
un
til
moi
st
and
mix
thor
ough
ly.
Com
post
ing
proc
ess
is
slow
or n
ot c
ompo
stin
g
Too
muc
h br
owns
A
dd
mor
e gr
eens
or
or
gani
c
ferti
lizer
or
m
anur
e an
d m
ix
thor
ough
ly.
76
SIM
PLE
3R
s (R
educ
e, R
euse
, Rec
ycle
) FO
R T
HE
HO
ME
Redu
ce
B
uyin
g W
isel
y •
Do
not g
o sh
oppi
ng w
ithou
t a s
hopp
ing
list;
avoi
d im
puls
e bu
ying
. •
Brin
g al
ong
your
ow
n gr
ocer
y or
sho
ppin
g ba
gs.
• A
void
buy
ing
item
s th
at a
re p
acka
ged
in n
on-re
cycl
able
mat
eria
ls.
• B
uy p
rodu
cts
with
less
pac
kagi
ng.
• B
uy in
bul
k to
redu
ce p
acka
ging
as
wel
l as
to s
ave
mon
ey.
• A
void
the
tem
ptat
ion
of re
ques
ting
for n
ew o
r ext
ra p
last
ic b
ags.
•
Buy
dur
able
item
s th
at w
ill la
st.
• B
uy p
rodu
cts
that
are
refil
labl
e.
• B
ring
your
ow
n fo
od c
onta
iner
s (T
iffin
car
riers
) whe
n bu
ying
take
-aw
ay fo
od; a
void
pl
astic
bag
s an
d co
ntai
ners
, and
Sty
rofo
am.
A
ctiv
ities
At H
ome
• A
void
usi
ng d
ispo
sabl
e cu
tlery
mad
e of
pla
stic
and
Sty
rofo
am.
• U
se re
usab
le u
tens
ils in
stea
d of
dis
posa
ble
ones
. •
Use
clo
th in
stea
d of
pap
er o
r tis
sue
for c
lean
ing.
•
Min
imiz
e th
e us
e of
dis
posa
ble
item
s th
at c
anno
t be
recy
cled
; use
clo
th d
iape
rs,
hand
kerc
hief
s an
d na
pkin
s in
stea
d.
• D
o no
t coo
k m
ore
than
you
nee
d; c
ook
just
suf
ficie
nt fo
od fo
r mea
ls.
• St
ore
peris
habl
e fo
od e
g. b
read
, fru
its in
the
refri
gera
tor.
• B
orro
w, s
hare
and
/or h
ire th
ings
that
you
onl
y ne
ed o
ccas
iona
lly.
• S
hare
new
spap
ers,
mag
azin
es a
nd b
ooks
, if p
ossi
ble,
to s
ave
cost
s an
d pa
per.
• R
educ
e ju
nk m
ail b
y w
ritin
g to
com
pani
es a
nd o
rgan
izat
ions
to o
mit
you
from
thei
r m
ailin
g lis
ts.
• U
se re
char
geab
le b
atte
ries
that
are
mor
e fri
endl
y to
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Sav
ing
Ene
rgy
& N
atur
al R
esou
rces
E
lect
ricity
•
Use
the
fan
inst
ead
of a
ir-co
nditi
onin
g w
hene
ver p
ossi
ble.
•
Set
air-
cond
ition
ing
to a
n ap
prop
riate
tem
pera
ture
to a
void
und
er c
oolin
g or
ove
r co
olin
g.
• S
eal a
ll ai
r lea
ks a
roun
d w
indo
ws
and
door
s.
• U
se e
nerg
y sa
ving
bul
bs w
hene
ver p
ossi
ble.
•
Sw
itch
off l
ight
s an
d el
ectri
cal a
pplia
nces
whe
n no
t in
use.
•
Clo
se th
e re
frige
rato
r doo
r im
med
iate
ly a
fter t
akin
g ou
t nec
essa
ry it
ems.
W
ater
•
Avo
id u
sing
the
hose
to w
ash
the
car;
use
a pa
il in
stea
d.
• C
lean
floo
rs w
ith a
mop
inst
ead
of a
wat
er h
ose.
•
Don
’t ke
ep th
e ta
p ru
nnin
g w
hen
brus
hing
you
r tee
th; u
se a
cup
inst
ead.
•
Inst
all d
ual f
lush
toile
ts to
sav
e w
ater
. •
Sw
itch
to lo
w fl
ow fa
ucet
s an
d sh
ower
hea
ds. C
an s
ave
up to
50%
of w
ater
use
d.
• Ta
ke a
sho
wer
inst
ead
of a
foam
bat
h.
• W
ash
only
with
a fu
ll lo
ad w
hen
doin
g la
undr
y.
• C
heck
for f
aulty
taps
and
pip
es to
pre
vent
wat
er le
akag
e.
• Tu
rn o
ff th
e w
ater
tap
tight
ly im
med
iate
ly a
fter u
se.
77
Cre
ativ
e R
euse
• R
euse
old
Sty
rofo
am b
oxes
and
old
tin
cans
to s
tore
thin
gs o
r as
plan
t pot
s.
• R
euse
use
d gl
ass
and
plas
tic c
onta
iner
s as
rece
ptac
les.
•
Reu
se o
ld to
othb
rush
es fo
r cle
anin
g ar
ound
fauc
ets,
bet
wee
n ba
th ti
les,
etc
. •
Sav
e ‘g
rey’
wat
er (
wat
er l
eft
from
was
hing
han
ds a
nd p
late
s) f
or w
ashi
ng f
loor
s,
toile
ts a
nd w
ater
ing
plan
ts w
hene
ver p
ossi
ble.
•
Use
old
sup
erm
arke
t pla
stic
bag
s fo
r sho
ppin
g.
• U
se o
ld c
loth
ing
as ra
gs fo
r cle
anin
g.
• D
onat
e ol
d bu
t usa
ble
clot
hes
to th
e ne
edy.
•
Con
vert
scra
p pa
per i
nto
mem
o pa
ds.
• P
ass
old
text
book
s, s
tory
boo
ks, a
nd to
ys to
oth
ers.
•
Don
ate
good
qua
lity
but u
nwan
ted
item
s to
old
folk
s' h
omes
, cha
ritab
le o
rgan
izat
ions
, et
c.
• R
epai
r and
reco
nditi
on fa
ulty
ele
ctro
nic
appl
ianc
es to
ext
end
thei
r use
ful l
ives
. •
Cle
an a
nd re
use
orna
men
ts fo
r the
nex
t fes
tive
cele
brat
ion.
•
Cle
an a
nd re
use
was
habl
e cu
tlery
and
cro
cker
y fo
r the
nex
t par
ty.
Recy
cle
•
Buy
gre
en la
belle
d pr
oduc
ts.
• B
uy a
nd u
se re
cycl
ed p
rodu
cts
or p
rodu
cts
mad
e of
recy
cled
mat
eria
l. •
Set
asi
de b
oxes
, con
tain
ers
and
stor
age
spac
e fo
r you
r hou
seho
ld re
cycl
able
item
s.
• B
undl
e bo
oks,
new
spap
ers,
mag
azin
es a
nd c
ardb
oard
for e
asie
r han
dlin
g an
d st
orin
g.
• K
eep
your
pla
stic
war
e to
be
recy
cled
sep
arat
ely.
•
Rin
se y
our r
ecyc
labl
e be
vera
ge c
onta
iner
s to
kee
p aw
ay p
ests
and
inse
cts.
•
To s
ave
spac
e, c
rush
or f
latte
n pl
astic
bot
tles
and
alum
iniu
m c
ans.
•
Sep
arat
e cl
ear g
lass
and
col
oure
d if
poss
ible
. Be
care
ful n
ot to
bre
ak th
em.
• B
e cr
eativ
e an
d us
e yo
ur u
nwan
ted
item
s fo
r art
and
craf
t. •
Col
lect
old
new
spap
ers,
col
ourfu
l m
agaz
ines
, w
rapp
ing
pape
r, ca
ndy
and
gum
w
rapp
ers
to u
se a
s co
llage
car
ds, g
ift-w
rapp
ing
mat
eria
l and
tags
. •
Use
bot
h si
des
of p
rintin
g pa
per.
• P
artic
ipat
e in
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
es in
you
r nei
ghbo
urho
od o
r offi
ce.
• S
egre
gate
recy
clab
le it
ems
for c
olle
ctio
n by
was
te c
olle
ctor
s.
• E
lect
rical
and
ele
ctro
nic
(E&E
) ite
ms
such
as
audi
o-vi
sual
equ
ipm
ent,
hous
ehol
d ap
plia
nces
, of
fice
equi
pmen
t, co
mpu
ters
and
per
iphe
rals
can
be
give
n aw
ay t
o de
aler
s or
ele
ctric
al s
hops
for r
efur
bish
ing,
spa
re p
arts
or s
afe
disp
osal
. •
Con
tact
recy
clin
g ag
ents
that
col
lect
E&E
item
s.
• K
eep
batte
ries
and
fluor
esce
nt l
amps
sep
arat
ely
for
colle
ctio
n by
the
Mun
icip
al
Cou
ncil
or p
lace
them
in s
peci
ally
pro
vide
d co
ntai
ners
at w
et m
arke
ts o
r par
ticip
atin
g su
perm
arke
ts th
at c
olle
ct th
ese
item
s fo
r saf
e di
spos
al. T
hese
can
not b
e re
cycl
ed.
• B
ulk
was
te s
uch
as f
urni
ture
and
ren
ovat
ion
was
te c
an b
e ta
ken
away
by
the
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il fo
r saf
e di
spos
al.
• S
end
your
re
cycl
able
s to
th
e ne
ares
t re
cycl
ing
agen
t or
ce
nter
, ch
arita
ble
or
com
mun
ity o
rgan
izat
ion,
etc
. •
Arra
nge
for
your
rec
ycla
bles
to
be c
olle
cted
if
you
are
unab
le t
o se
nd t
hem
to
a co
llect
ion
cent
er.
• C
ompo
st y
our
orga
nic
was
te (
food
scr
aps,
veg
etab
le t
rimm
ings
, ga
rden
clip
ping
s)
whe
reve
r pos
sibl
e.
78
RECY
CLIN
G T
ABLE
MA
TER
IALS
TH
AT
CA
N B
E R
ECYC
LED
M
ATE
RIA
LS T
HA
T A
RE
DIF
FIC
ULT
TO
R
ECYC
LE
PAPE
R
New
spap
ers,
boo
ks,
mag
azin
es,
loos
e pa
per,
card
boar
d, c
arto
ns.
Glo
ssy
or
wax
ed
pape
r, ca
rbon
pa
per,
amm
onia
pa
per,
tissu
e pa
per,
toile
t pa
per,
enve
lope
s w
ith p
last
ic w
indo
ws,
dirt
y or
oily
pa
per,
coffe
e an
d te
a sa
chet
s, P
VC
wra
ppin
g.
PL
AST
IC
Pla
stic
dr
inki
ng
bottl
es
&
ice-
crea
m
cont
aine
rs.
Milk
, w
ater
, ju
ice,
cos
met
ic,
sham
poo,
dis
h an
d la
undr
y de
terg
ent
bottl
es;
yogu
rt an
d m
arga
rine
tubs
; ce
real
bo
x lin
ers,
gr
ocer
y,
trash
an
d re
tail
bags
, CD
s, D
VD
s.
Styr
ofoa
m
(pol
ysty
rene
) bo
xes
and
cutle
ry,
boxe
d dr
inks
an
d be
vera
ge
cont
aine
rs
(con
tain
ing
plas
tic li
ning
etc
). To
ys (m
ixtu
re o
f pla
stic
and
oth
er m
ater
ials
). M
edic
ine
tabl
et w
rapp
ing
foil,
cof
fee
and
tea
sach
ets,
PV
C w
rapp
ing.
MET
AL
Alu
min
ium
sof
t dr
ink
cans
, bi
scui
t an
d m
ilk t
ins,
pre
serv
ed f
ood
cans
, sc
rap
iron,
bra
ss, c
oppe
r, et
c.
GLA
SS
Cle
ar
(flin
t) gl
ass,
co
lour
ed
glas
s (a
mbe
r, bl
ue, g
reen
).
Bul
bs,
cera
mic
m
ugs,
cu
ps,
jugs
, m
irror
s,
win
dow
pan
es.
C
LOTH
& O
LD C
LOTH
ES
Cle
an u
sabl
e cl
othe
s.
Und
erga
rmen
ts, d
irty
or to
rn c
loth
es a
nd d
irty
clot
h.
OTH
ER M
ATE
RIA
LS
Alu
min
ium
foil,
toot
hpas
te tu
bes.
B
atte
ries,
han
dpho
ne b
atte
ries,
han
dpho
nes,
flu
ores
cent
tube
s, e
tc.
Bad
ly
brok
en
furn
iture
, fa
ns,
lam
ps,
mat
tress
es, r
efrig
erat
ors,
was
hing
mac
hine
s.
Com
pute
rs,
som
e in
kjet
ca
rtrid
ges,
re
man
ufac
ture
d or
re
fille
d to
ner
cartr
idge
s,
torn
prin
ter r
ibbo
ns.
PR
ACTI
CE T
HE 3
RS IN
YO
UR H
OM
E TO
SAV
E M
ONE
Y,
RESO
URCE
S, E
NERG
Y AN
D SA
VE T
HE E
NVIR
ONM
ENT!
79
STA
RTI
NG
A R
ECYC
LIN
G C
OM
MU
NIT
Y 1.
How
to S
tart
A R
ecyc
ling
Com
mun
ity
1.C
onta
ct th
e co
mm
unity
lead
ers
from
the
JKKK
, RT,
RA
or T
aman
resi
dent
s.
Con
vinc
e th
e le
ader
s th
at re
cycl
ing
is
bene
ficia
l to
the
envi
ronm
ent a
s w
ell a
s
the
com
mun
ity.
2.
Hol
d m
eetin
gs o
r dis
cuss
ions
with
the
lead
ers
and
resi
dent
s to
exp
lore
the
idea
and
expl
ain
the
prog
ram
me
in o
rder
to o
btai
n su
ppor
t fro
m th
em. E
veni
ngs
and
wee
kend
s ar
e us
ually
goo
d tim
es to
hol
d su
ch m
eetin
gs.
3.
See
k ou
t alli
es o
r cha
mpi
ons
– it
is im
porta
nt to
iden
tify
key
pers
ons
who
are
inte
rest
ed a
nd w
illing
to s
pend
tim
e an
d ef
fort
to p
rom
ote
recy
clin
g
activ
ities
. The
y ca
n ac
t as
cata
lyst
s to
cha
mpi
on th
e ca
use
in th
eir o
wn
com
mun
ity.
4.
Org
aniz
e a
recy
clin
g ta
lk o
r tra
inin
g w
ith t
he a
id o
f th
e R
T or
RA
com
mitt
ee o
r the
Mun
icip
al C
ounc
il.
Get
exp
erts
to g
ive
a ta
lk o
n ho
w to
car
ry o
ut w
aste
sep
arat
ion.
5.
Afte
r th
e ta
lk,
form
a w
orki
ng c
omm
ittee
fro
m a
mon
gst
the
parti
cipa
nts
who
are
willi
ng to
ove
rsee
and
coo
rdin
ate
the
recy
clin
g pr
ogra
mm
e.
2. D
ecid
ing
on th
e M
etho
d 1.
Afte
r th
e in
itial
ra
ppor
t, yo
u ca
n st
art
to
plan
ou
t th
e de
tails
of
the
prog
ram
me
with
the
Com
mitt
ee. O
ne o
f the
crit
ical
are
as is
to d
eter
min
e th
e
met
hod
of c
olle
ctio
n m
ost s
uita
ble
in y
our a
rea.
2.Th
ere
are
basi
cally
two
type
s of
col
lect
ion
met
hods
.
A)
Ker
bsid
e co
llect
ion
- re
side
nts
plac
e th
eir
recy
clab
les
in f
ront
of
thei
r
hous
es a
nd t
hese
are
col
lect
ed b
y ap
poin
ted
mem
bers
of
the
recy
clin
g
com
mitt
ee o
r age
nt.
Adv
anta
ges:
1.
Res
iden
ts d
o no
t nee
d to
go
far t
o de
posi
t the
ir re
cycl
able
item
s.
2.N
o ne
ed to
bui
ld a
per
man
ent c
olle
ctio
n pl
ace
if re
cycl
able
s ar
e ta
ken
way
on th
e co
llect
ion
day
itsel
f.
80
Dis
adva
ntag
es:
1.M
ore
effo
rt ne
eded
for d
oor-
to-d
oor c
olle
ctio
n.
2.M
ay b
e st
olen
or t
aken
aw
ay b
y ou
tsid
ers
if th
ese
are
not c
olle
cted
on
time.
3.N
eed
a pl
ace
for
colle
ctio
n or
sto
rage
if n
ot c
olle
cted
by
recy
clin
g ag
ent o
n
the
sam
e da
y.
B) D
rop-
off c
entr
es–
resi
dent
s dr
op o
ff th
eir r
ecyc
labl
es a
t a d
esig
nate
d ar
ea
for c
olle
ctio
n.
Adv
anta
ges:
•S
aves
on
labo
ur c
osts
/tim
e.
•No
need
of
a pe
rman
ent
stor
age
plac
e fo
r re
cycl
able
s if
all r
esid
ents
brin
g
the
recy
clab
les
on a
n ap
poin
ted
day
and
they
are
the
n ta
ken
away
by
recy
clin
g ag
ent o
n th
e sa
me
day.
•If a
sto
rage
faci
lity
is b
uilt
then
som
e so
rt of
sec
urity
has
to b
e pr
ovid
ed.
•Les
s ch
ance
of b
eing
sto
len.
Dis
adva
ntag
es:
•Sto
rage
spa
ce n
eede
d if
not
colle
cted
by
the
recy
clin
g ag
ent o
n th
e sa
me
day.
•It m
ay b
e ha
rd to
iden
tify
a su
itabl
e pl
ace.
•Res
iden
ts m
ay n
ot b
e fre
e on
the
appo
inte
d da
y.
3. O
rgan
ise
a R
ecyc
ling
Day
Org
aniz
e an
d pl
an a
Rec
yclin
g D
ay -
this
mea
ns i
dent
ifyin
g su
itabl
e da
y to
kic
k-
star
t th
e re
cycl
ing
activ
ities
. G
et
your
Rec
yclin
g C
omm
ittee
to
pl
an
and
desi
gnat
e du
ties
to e
ach
pers
on s
uch
as
who
sho
uld
be re
spon
sibl
e fo
r:
•Pub
licity
- d
istri
butin
g pa
mph
lets
, pu
tting
up b
anne
rs.
81
•Sor
ting,
tyin
g, w
eigh
ing
& re
cord
ing
•Con
tact
the
agen
t or
colle
ctor
to in
form
and
rem
ind
him
of t
he d
ay a
nd ti
me
for c
olle
ctio
n
•Acc
ount
ing
– a
treas
urer
mus
t be
appo
inte
d to
kee
p th
e ac
coun
ts in
pro
per
orde
r an
d to
dis
burs
e th
e ac
coun
ts a
ccor
ding
to
the
Com
mitt
ee’s
dire
ctiv
es.
He
need
s to
che
ck o
ut th
e m
arke
t pric
es o
f the
recy
clab
les
and
liais
e w
ith th
e
buye
r for
pay
men
t.
•Sec
urity
per
sonn
el -
to
ensu
re t
hat
the
recy
clab
les
are
not
stol
en f
rom
the
stor
age
faci
litie
s.
Prep
are
info
rmat
ion
pam
phle
ts f
or d
istri
butio
n. I
nfor
mat
ion
such
as
the
dos
and
don’
ts o
f rec
yclin
g, h
ow to
sep
arat
e re
cycl
able
s, fr
eque
ncy
of c
olle
ctio
n,
time
and
date
, etc
.
The
mai
n ac
tiviti
es o
n re
cycl
ing
day
are
sorti
ng,
tyin
g an
d w
eigh
ing.
Som
e
clea
ning
may
be
need
ed t
o if
tins
bottl
es e
tc. a
re n
ot r
inse
d be
fore
hand
. To
attra
ct p
artic
ipat
ion,
you
can
incl
ude
othe
r ite
ms
in y
our
prog
ram
mes
suc
h as
fun
gam
es, a
rt co
mpe
titio
n, lu
cky
draw
s, m
ini-c
once
rt et
c.
Eval
uate
set
back
s an
d w
eakn
esse
s. In
eve
ry p
roje
cts
ther
e w
ill b
e se
tbac
ks
and
wea
knes
ses.
The
se n
eed
to b
e ta
ken
note
off
by m
embe
rs o
f th
e
Rec
yclin
g C
omm
ittee
.
Mod
ify
the
proc
edur
es
to
mak
e th
e pr
ogra
mm
e m
ore
effic
ient
. Ev
ery
com
mun
ity i
s di
ffere
nt.
Thin
gs t
hat
wor
ks f
or o
ther
com
mun
ities
nee
d no
t
nece
ssar
ily w
ork
for
your
com
mun
ity.
Adap
t, m
odify
and
impr
ove
as y
ou g
o
alon
g.
Det
erm
ine
with
th
e co
mm
ittee
w
hat
to
do
with
th
e pr
ocee
ds.
Diff
eren
t
com
mun
ities
hav
e di
ffere
nt o
pini
ons
on w
hat t
o do
with
the
proc
eeds
col
lect
ed.
Som
e co
mm
uniti
es m
ay a
lso
offe
r to
giv
e th
e re
cycl
able
s aw
ay t
o ch
arita
ble
orga
niza
tions
inst
ead
of s
ellin
g th
em.
Som
e ex
ampl
es o
f ho
w t
he p
roce
eds
may
be
used
are
:
•Com
mun
ity
deve
lopm
ent
such
as
re
furb
ishi
ng
the
com
mun
ity
hall,
land
scap
ing,
bui
ld a
chi
ldre
n’s
libra
ry, e
tc.
82
•Pay
wor
kers
who
hel
p to
col
lect
and
sor
t th
e re
cycl
able
s or
for
pro
vidi
ng
secu
rity.
The
rec
yclin
g ac
tivity
can
act
ually
pro
vide
job
oppo
rtuni
ties
for
the
less
fortu
nate
indi
vidu
als
in y
our o
wn
com
mun
ity.
•Don
ate
to c
harit
able
org
aniz
atio
ns
•A c
ombi
natio
n of
the
abov
e
Whi
chev
er w
ays
that
the
Rec
yclin
g C
omm
ittee
cho
ose
to u
tiliz
e th
e fu
nds,
you
shou
ld a
lway
s ke
ep a
rec
ord
of y
our c
olle
ctio
ns a
nd p
roce
eds.
Build
ing
trust
and
con
fiden
ce in
the
com
mun
ity is
key
to g
reat
er s
uppo
rt an
d
succ
ess
in th
e lo
ng ru
n!
4. R
ecor
d K
eepi
ng
Keep
pro
per r
ecor
ds o
f:
1.Ti
me
and
date
of c
olle
ctio
n
2.W
eigh
t eac
h ty
pe o
f ite
m c
olle
cted
eg.
new
spap
er, c
ardb
oard
, gla
ss, p
last
ic,
old
clot
hes,
etc
.
3.K
eep
a re
cord
of c
ash
flow
, con
tain
ing
info
rmat
ion
on:
•Mon
ey p
aid
out t
o bu
y re
cycl
able
item
s fro
m c
omm
unity
(if n
ot c
olle
cted
free
)
•Mon
ey p
aid
out t
o co
llect
ors,
sor
ters
or h
elpe
rs (i
f any
)
•Mon
ey c
olle
cted
from
the
sale
A pr
oper
reco
rd c
an s
how
the
prog
ress
from
mon
th-to
-mon
th a
nd y
ear-t
o-ye
ar.
The
Rec
yclin
g C
omm
ittee
can
pro
duce
col
ourfu
l cha
rts t
hat
sum
mar
izes
the
prog
ress
and
ach
ieve
men
ts o
f the
rec
yclin
g pr
ogra
mm
e. T
his
is a
goo
d w
ay
to a
ckno
wle
dge
and
mot
ivat
e th
e m
embe
rs/re
side
nts
to w
ork
hard
er f
or
com
mon
goa
ls.
6. P
ract
ical
poi
nts
to re
mem
ber
1. F
or p
ublic
ity, p
repa
re b
anne
rs a
nd h
ang
them
out
one
or t
wo
wee
ks b
efor
e
the
colle
ctio
n da
y to
rem
ind
peop
le to
brin
g ou
t the
ir re
cycl
able
s.
2.E
nsur
e th
at t
he c
olle
ctio
n is
reg
ular
so
that
peo
ple
mak
e it
a ha
bitu
al
prac
tice
to b
ring
out t
heir
recy
clab
les.
3. E
nsur
e th
at th
e ag
ent c
omes
on
the
appo
inte
d tim
e an
d da
y to
col
lect
the
item
s so
that
peo
ple
do n
ot h
ave
to w
ait l
ong.
83
4. E
nsur
e th
at th
e co
mm
unity
eng
ages
an
agen
t tha
t col
lect
s ev
eryt
hing
and
not
only
sp
ecifi
c ite
ms
such
as
pa
per
or
alum
iniu
m
cans
an
d le
avin
g
unec
onom
ic it
ems
behi
nd.
5. R
epor
t reg
ular
ly to
the
com
mun
ity th
e pr
ogra
mm
e de
tails
. Thi
s w
ill e
nsur
e
that
fund
s ar
e no
t mis
used
and
that
the
com
mun
ity k
now
s w
here
the
fund
s go
to.
6. F
or p
ublic
ity, p
repa
re b
anne
rs a
nd h
ang
them
out
one
or t
wo
wee
ks b
efor
e
the
colle
ctio
n da
y to
rem
ind
peop
le to
brin
g ou
t the
ir re
cycl
able
s.
7.E
nsur
e th
at t
he c
olle
ctio
n is
reg
ular
so
that
peo
ple
mak
e it
a ha
bitu
al
prac
tice
to b
ring
out t
heir
recy
clab
les.
8. E
nsur
e th
at th
e ag
ent c
omes
on
the
appo
inte
d tim
e an
d da
y to
col
lect
the
item
s so
that
peo
ple
do n
ot h
ave
to w
ait l
ong.
9. E
nsur
e th
at th
e co
mm
unity
eng
ages
an
agen
t tha
t col
lect
s ev
eryt
hing
and
not
only
sp
ecifi
c ite
ms
such
as
pa
per
or
alum
iniu
m
cans
an
d le
avin
g
unec
onom
ic it
ems
behi
nd.
10. R
epor
t reg
ular
ly to
the
com
mun
ity th
e pr
ogra
mm
e de
tails
. Thi
s w
ill e
nsur
e
that
fund
s ar
e no
t mis
used
and
that
the
com
mun
ity k
now
s w
here
the
fund
s go
to.