BUILDING SCIENCE II (BLD 61303)

PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT

COMMUNITY LIBRARY

NAME: CHONG CHIN PIN

STUDENT ID: 0319595

TUTOR: MR. EDWIN

CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT

1.1 PROPOSAL SITE 1.2 CLIMATICS STUDIES

2.0 DRAWINGS

2.0 FLOOR PLANS 2.1 SECTIONS

3.0 DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

3.1 REQUIRED FORMULA 3.2 SPACE A: SITTING AREA

3.2.1 FLOOR PLAN 3.2.2 SECTION 3.2.3 DAYLIGHTING CONTOUR 3.2.4 AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR 3.2.5 CONCLUSION

3.3 SPACE B: READING ROOM 3.3.1 FLOOR PLAN 3.3.2 SECTION 3.3.3 DAYLIGHTING CONTOUR 3.3.4 AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR 3.3.5 CONCLUSION

4.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES

4.1 REQUIRED FORMULA 4.2 SPACE A: SITTING AREA

4.2.1 LIGHT FIXTURE PROPERTIES 4.2.2 ROOM INDEX CALCULATIONS 4.2.3 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION 4.2.4 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS

4.3 SPACE B: READING ROOM 4.3.1 LIGHT FIXTURE PROPERTIES 4.3.2 ROOM INDEX CALCULATIONS 4.3.3 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION 4.3.4 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS

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1.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT SITE PLAN

The site is located in a bustling street whereby it is near to the tourist hot spots such as Central Market, Kasturi Walk and Medan Pasar. Despite of the passing of time and development in and around the street, Jalan Hang Kasturi, the buildings sits on the street still remains its pre-war distinctive facades. The shop lots on the streets have been preserved and re-adapted to fulfill the needs of the users today.

To achieve the high permeability and transparencies but without neglecting the condition of the site, sun shading devices plays an important roles to provide thermal comfort for the users. Therefore, due to diverse needs of the spaces, the spaces are defined by using transparency, translucent and and opaque design.

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1.2 CLIMATICS STUDY SHADOW CASTING

Morning shadows casted onto the The east-west building orientation site walkways provide plenty of allows the back alleys to stay shaded shade to pedestrians. Therefore, there throughout the entire day, even at are higher population in the morning. noon. This gives food stalls a reason

to set up shop permanently in the alley.

The two roads next to Medan Pasar are shaded during the evening, allowing people to transverse towards site A and Site B in comfort.

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2.0 DRAWINGS GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

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SECOND FLOOR

THIRD FLOOR

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TRAVERSE SECTION

LONGITUDINAL SECTION

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3.0 DAYLIGHT STRATEGIES 3.1 REQUIRED FORMULA In the early stages of building design, the average daylight factor may be used to assess the adequacy of daylight. The values of these quantities are determined from the given data and W, T and R are corrected by using factors given in the BS Daylight Code and other publications.

Average DF = W/A x T/ø (1-R)

Where, W : Area of the windows (m2) A : The total area of the internal surfaces (m2) T : The glass transmittance corrected for dirt Ø : Visible sky angle in degrees from the centre of the window R : The average reflectance of area A 3.2 SPACE A : SITTING AREA 3.2.1 FLOOR PLAN

Overall and enlarged sitting area floor plan

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3.2.2 SECTION

The sitting area is a public sharing space for both cafeteria and community kitchen. It is open to the public. The eastern and the northern parts do not have wall so this mean there are no obstacles for sunlight. Sunlight can direct penetrate into the space.

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3.2.3 DAYLIGHTING CONTOUR

The lighting contour shows the brightest part of the space as the rear facade, being warmer in colour. The space gets darker towards the interior space, indicated cooler tones. 3.2.4 AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR DAYLIGHT DISTRIBUTION FACTOR FLOOR AREA (M2) [(1.04+ 1.63)/2] X 1.18 =1.58 1/ 2 x 3.6 x 1.8 =3.24 9.5 x5.9 = 56.05 1.04x 3.34= 3.47 5.08x 1.04= 5.28 Total: 1.58+ 3.24 + 56.05+ 3.47 + 5.28 = 69.62m2

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AREA OF FACADE EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT (M2) (4.5 = 9.62) x 4 = 56.48 Total: 56.48m2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR, DF 56.48 / 69.62 x100% =8.113% AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR (56.48 /64.8) x (0.6x 73º/ 1-o.5)= 76.39% 3.2.5 CONCLUSION The selected sitting area has a daylight factor of 8.113%. This justifies the space is brightly lit without artificial lighting during daytime.

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3.3 SPACE B: READING ROOM 3.3.1 Floor Plan

Overall third floor plan and enlarged reading room plan 3.3.2 SECTION

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The reading room is a semi-private space for the readers who want to have a more comfortable and quiet environment to enjoy reading. The western and the northern parts have the double glazing glass wall to get more natural light and reduce to use of artificial lights. Sunlight can direct penetrate into the space through the glass wall. 3.3.3 DAYLIGHTING CONTOUR

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3.3.4 AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR 3.6 x 6.2 =22.32 Total: 22.32m2 AREA OF FACADE EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT (M2) (4.7+ 3.7) x 3 = 25.2 25.2 x0.6 =15.12 (double glazed window in clean) Total: 15.12m2 DAYLIGHT FACTOR, DF 15.12 /22.32 x100% =6.77% AVERAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR (15.12 /22.32) x (0.6x 73º/ 1-o.5)= 5.96% 3.3.5 CONCLUSION The reading room has a distribution daylight factor of 5% which falls under the requirements of MS 1525 of not exceeding 3-6%. This justified that the room got sufficient daylight during daytime even without the artificial light.

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4.0 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING STRATEGIES 4.1 REQUIRED FORMULA Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes,

RI= (Lx W) / (L+W) (H ͫ)

Where, RI : The room index L : Length of the space (m) W: The width of space (m) H ͫ : The mounted height of fitting above the working plane (m) The lumen method is to calculate the light level in a room, According to this method, the light fittings (luminaries) are to be mounted overhead in a regular pattern. The luminous flux output (lumens)of each lamp needs to be knowns as well as details of the luminaries and the room surfaces.

N= (E x A) / (F x MF x UF)

Where, N : The number of lamps required or illuminance level E : The required lux (lx) A : The area at working plane height (m2) F : The initial luminous flux from each lamp (lm) UF : The utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces MF: The maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt

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4.2 SPACE A: SITTING AREA 4.2.1 LIGHTING FIXTURE PROPERTIES

Product Details Downlight Surface Mounted LED Fixture Dimension: 2.6 x 79 x 8 inches Type of Luminous: Warm White Luminous Flux: 2000 lm Life hours: 36000 hours Power: 13w 4.2.2 ROOM INDEX CALCULATION Total Floor Area: 69.62m2 Height of ceiling: 3.8 Luminous Flux of lighting (F/m): 2000lm Height of luminous: 3.65 Height of working plane: 0.8 Mounting height(H/Hm) : 3.8-0.15-0.8= 2.85 Room index: RI= 69.62/(28.72) (2.85) =0.85

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4.2.3 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION Area at working plane height (A, m2): 69.62 Luminous Flux(F): 2000 Utilization Factor (UF): 0.6 (based on UF table) Maintenance factor (MF) : 0.8 Lumen Calculation (N, number of lights) N= (E x A)/ (F x MF x UF) N= 700 x 69.62 / (2000 x 0.6 x 0.8) N= 36.26 N=36 lights Fitting layout (where S is maximum spacing) S= 1.5 x H ͫ S= 1.5 x 2.85 s= 4.27 Distance between lights is not greater than 4.27m 4.2.4 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN and ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS

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Each light fixture is installed 3.5- 4m apart from each other. 30 light fittings controlled by 3-gang switches to illuminate 69.62m2 of sitting area of cafeteria and community kitchen to achieve 500 lux standard illumination to MS 1525 for general self-service shop. 4.3 SPACE B: READING ROOM 4.3.1 Lighting Fixture Properties

Type of feature: Gravity Light GL 02 Type of Luminous: Warm White Luminous Flux: 1500lm Power: 2 W Colour Temperature: 5000K 4.3.2 ROOM INDEX CALCULATION Total floor area: 22.32m2 Height of ceiling(m) : 2.85 Luminous Flux of lighting (F/m): 1500ml Height of luminaries (m): 2.45 Height of working plane(m) :0.8 Mounting height (H/Hm) : 2.85 -0.4-0.8=1.65 Room Index, RI (K) , RI= 22.32/ (3.6+6.2) (1.65) =1.38

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4.3.3 LUMEN METHOD CALCULATION Area at working plane height (A, m2)= 22.32m2 Luminous Flux(F): 1500 Utilization factor( UF): 0.6 (based on UF table) Maintenance factor(MF) 0.8 Lumen Calculation (N, number of lights) N= (300 x 22.32)/ ((1500x 0.6x 0.8) N= 9.3 N=9 lights Fitting layout(where S is maximum spacing, m) S=1.5x 1.65 S=2.45 4.3.4 REFLECTED CEILING PLAN and ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING CONTOUR ANALYSIS

Gravity lamps area a new technology advancement that functions by converting kinetic energy from user and gravitational force into light energy from use and gravitational force into light energy. A total of 12 lamps are installed to ensure that light switches are within user inn the reading room without requiring much mobility.

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