b3 c3 p3 revision quiz!

B3 C3 P3 REVISION QUIZ!

B3 Life on Earth1. Which two of the following are required to

define a group of organisms as a species?

a. The organisms can breed togetherb. The organisms look the same as each otherc. The organisms can produce fertile offspringd. The organisms live in the same place

B3 Life on Earth2. Scientists use the similarities and differences between living things to put them into groups.

What is the scientific term for ‘putting things into groups’?

B3 Life on Earth3. Organisms have features that help them to survive in their environments.

What is the scientific term for these features?

a) What would happen to the population of flat winkles?b) What would happen to the population of herring gulls?

4. Organisms depend on each other in food webs. Imagine we have removed the crab. Use the words, increase, decrease or stay the same to answer these:

B3 Life on Earth

B3 Life on Earth

5. Give one reason why plants can only trap 1 to 3% of the light energy that reaches their leaves.

B3 Life on Earth6. Fill in the missing energy values, A and B, in this energy transfer diagram.

1,000,000 kJ

10,000 kJ

9200 kJ 150 kJ600 kJLost as waste, death, decay and heat from respiration

__B___ kJ200 kJ__A__ kJ

B3 Life on Earth

ACB

7. Match the statement below to the correct letter in the diagram:1. Denitrifying bacteria2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria3. Proteins in animals and plants

B3 Life on Earth8. The carbon cycle is another important cycle that takes place in the environment.

a. Name one process that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

b. Name one process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

B3 Life on Earth9. Name two key pieces of evidence that scientists use in their quest to prove the theory of evolution.

Natural Selection

10. What does natural selection involve? Fill in the missing scientific keywords below.

There must be differences between organisms (V__________)

There must be a change in the environment so that one organism is better at gaining resources than another (C_____________)

These organisms have an increased chance of S_________

The surviving organisms have more offspring (R____________)

Increases numbers in population

B3 Life on Earth

B3 Life on Earth11. Lamarck and Darwin are two scientists who tried to explain the differences that we see in living things.Write one sentence to explain how each scientist thought the giraffe’s long necks evolved.Lamarck - ?Darwin - ?

12. Having a variety of animals and plants in an area means there is a high ________________?

B3 Life on Earth

13. Why should we maintain high biodiversity? [5 marks]

B3 Life on Earth

14. Which one of the following is a definition for the word sustainability?

a) Meeting the needs of people today without damaging the Earth for people of the future

b) Materials that are broken down in the environment by microorganisms

c) The variety of living things, both within a species and between different species

d) The removal of nitrogen from soil

B3 Life on Earth

1. Label this diagram of the Earth with the appropriate key words.

C3 Chemicals in our Lives

A

DC

B

2. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph.

The Earth’s outer layers are divided into a number of ____A_____ plates.

Each plate contains dense oceanic crust, often carrying some lighter continental crust on top of it.

The plates move because of very slow _____B_______ currents in the underlying solid mantle.

Scientists have shown that it is possible to track the position of a country by studying ___C______ particles in the rocks.


3. Use the diagram and keywords below to explain how salt can be extracted using solution mining. [5 marks]


DissolveSolutionImpuritiesEvaporationCrystalliseFiltering

4. Give the products for the two equations below.


Sodium hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid

? ?+ +

Potassium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid

? ?+ +

5. Draw a particle diagram to show the following reaction:

4HCl + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O


+ +

6. The following questions are about water treatment.

a) Name one disease that can be transmitted through contaminated water.

b) What chemical is now used to treat water to prevent water-borne disease?

c) What does THM stand for?

d) How do THMs form?

e) Why are some people worried about the presence of THMs in water supplies?


7. Name two uses of each of the chemicals produced from salt below:


Chlorine Sodium hydroxide Hydrogen

•

• •

• •

•

8. These questions are about a key chemical process:

a) Name the process that uses an electrical current to split sodium chloride (in a brine solution)

b) Name the four chemical elements in brine.

c) Name the three chemical products of this process.

d) Industry are trying to cut down on the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity for this process. What types of energy are they trying to use instead?


9. This question is about chemicals in the environment.a) What are POPs?b) Why are they a particular problem for people

living in the Arctic?


10. This pipe is made from PVC.a) In the first stage of the process of making PVC,

manufacturers need to make vinyl chloride. What two chemicals are required to make vinyl chloride?

b) Vinyl chloride monomers are joined together to make a long chained poly vinyl chloride molecule in a process know as p_____________?

c) PVC granules can then be moulded into different shapes using h______ and p_________.

d) Why might a plasticiser be used with PVC?


1. A 3kW immersion heater heats water for a bath over a period of 2 hours. The electricity used costs 11p per unit.

a) Calculate the energy used by the immersion heater to heat the bath water.

b) Calculate the cost of the energy used.

P3 Sustainable Energy

2. For all electrical items, their power is related to the current and the voltage of the electricity supply. In the UK, the mains voltage is 230 V.

a) A hairdryer has a power rating of 700 W. Calculate the current.

b) What is the mains power of an appliance that needs a current of 5 A to make it run?



Sankey diagram for a filament bulb

Sankey diagram for an energy-saving bulb

3. a) Calculate the efficiency of the two types of bulb above.b) Suggest why filament bulbs should no longer be sold.


4. Define the following terms:

a) Primary energy sourceb) Secondary energy source

P3 Sustainable Energy5. a) Describe how you could generate an electric current using the equipment below. [2 marks]

b) What type of current will be produced using this method? [1 mark]

6. a) Use the words to label the numbered parts of this coal-fired power station.GENERATOR TURBINE FURNACE TRANSFORMERb) How would this power station be different if it was a nuclear power station?


7. These questions are about nuclear power.a) Why are nuclear fuels and nuclear wastes

dangerous?b) Name one way that dangerous nuclear wastes

are stored.c) With reference to radioactive material, what

does it mean to be i. contaminated ii. Irradiated

d) Give two advantages of using nuclear power instead of fossil fuels.


P3 Sustainable Energy8. For the following renewable energy resources, list one advantage and one disadvantage.

Renewable energy resource

Advantage Disadvantage

Solar power

Wind power

Biofuels

P3 Sustainable Energy9. The following questions are about the National Grid.

a) What is the purpose of the National Grid?

b) What is the voltage of the UK domestic power supply?

c) Why is it more efficient to distribute electricity at much higher voltages (e.g. 200,000 V) on the National Grid?

d) Name the piece of equipment that can alter the voltage of an a.c. electricity supply.

B3 C3 P3 REVISION QUIZ!ANSWERS

B3 Life on Earth1. Which two of the following are required to

define a group of organisms as a species?

a. The organisms can breed togetherb. The organisms look the same as each otherc. The organisms can produce fertile offspringd. The organisms live in the same place

B3 Life on Earth2. Scientists use the similarities and differences between living things to put them into groups.

What is the scientific term for ‘putting things into groups’?CLASSIFICATION

B3 Life on Earth3. Organisms have features that help them to survive in their environments.

What is the scientific term for these features?ADAPTATIONS

a) What would happen to the population of flat winkles? INCREASE

b) What would happen to the population of herring gulls? DECREASE

4. Organisms depend on each other in food webs. Imagine we have removed the crab. Use the words, increase, decrease or stay the same to answer these:

B3 Life on Earth

B3 Life on Earth

5. Give one reason why plants can only trap 1 to 3% of the light energy that reaches their leaves?

Any one from:Some passes straight through leafSome light cannot be used for photosynthesisSome reflected from leafSome is transferred as waste heatSome light does not fall on plants/falls on buildings/soil/water instead

B3 Life on Earth6. Fill in the missing energy values, A and B, in this energy transfer diagram.

1,000,000 kJ

10,000 kJ

9200 kJ 150 kJ600 kJLost as waste, death, decay and heat from respiration

50 kJ200 kJ800 kJ

B3 Life on Earth

ACB

7. Match the statement below to the correct letter in the diagram:1. Denitrifying bacteria C2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria A3. Proteins in animals and plants B

B3 Life on Earth8. The carbon cycle is another important cycle that takes place in the environment.

a. Name one process that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Respiration, combustion, decomposition, volcanic activity

b. Name one process that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Photosynthesis

B3 Life on Earth9. Name two key pieces of evidence that scientists use in their quest to prove the theory of evolution.FossilsDNA

Natural Selection

10. What does natural selection involve? Fill in the missing scientific keywords below.

There must be differences between organisms (VARIATION)

There must be a change in the environment so that one organism is better at gaining resources than another (COMPETITION)

These organisms have an increased chance of SURVIVAL

The surviving organisms have more offspring (REPRODUCTION)

Increases numbers in population

B3 Life on Earth

B3 Life on Earth11. Lamarck and Darwin are two scientists who tried to explain the differences that we see in living things.Write one sentence to explain how each scientist thought the giraffe’s long necks evolved.Lamarck – Through stretching their neck to reach high leaves on trees, their necks become longer and this feature is passed on to offspring.Darwin – Only those giraffes with long necks can reach leaves, eat and survive to pass on this feature to offspring.

12. Having a variety of animals and plants in an area means there is a high BIODIVERSITY?

B3 Life on Earth

13. Why should we maintain high biodiversity? [5 marks]

It looks nice!

We like to have nice areas for walking, hiking, sport, etc

We depend on other species for:FOOD

FUELNATURAL FIBRESsuch as cotton and wool MEDICINES

It is not FAIR on other organisms to put their

species at riskAn ecosystem can cope more easily with natural disasters.

B3 Life on Earth

14. Which one of the following is a definition for the word sustainability?

a) Meeting the needs of people today without damaging the Earth for people of the future

b) Materials that are broken down in the environment by microorganisms

c) The variety of living things, both within a species and between different species

d) The removal of nitrogen from soil

B3 Life on Earth

1. Label this diagram of the Earth with the appropriate key words.


A. Crust

D. Inner coreC. Outer core

B. Mantle

2. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph.

The Earth’s outer layers are divided into a number of tectonic plates.

Each plate contains dense oceanic crust, often carrying some lighter continental crust on top of it.

The plates move because of very slow convection currents in the underlying solid mantle.

Scientists have shown that it is possible to track the position of a country by studying magnetic particles in the rocks.


3. Use the diagram and keywords below to explain how salt can be extracted using solution mining. [5 marks]


EXAMPLE ANSWER: Water is pumped down into rock. The salt dissolves to form a solution (which is brought to the surface). The impurities do not dissolve (so stay underground). The water is evaporated. The salt crystallises as the water evaporates. The salt crystals are separated from the remaining brine by filtering.

4. Give the products for the two equations below.


Sodium hydroxide

Hydrochloric acid

Sodium chloride

Water+ +

Potassium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid

Potassium sulfate

Water+ +

5. Draw a particle diagram to show the following reaction:

4HCl + O2 2Cl2 + 2H2O


+ +

H Cl

H ClH Cl

H Cl

Cl Cl

Cl Cl

H HOO O

H HO

6. The following questions are about water treatment.

a) Name one disease that can be transmitted through contaminated water. Cholera, typhoid, dysentry, gastroenteritis.

b) What chemical is now used to treat water to prevent water-borne disease? Chlorine

c) What does THM stand for? Trihalomethanes

d) How do THMs form? When chlorine reacts with naturally found organic matter.

e) Why are some people worried about the presence of THMs in water supplies? Suspicion that THMs may lead to some forms of cancer.


7. Name two uses of each of the chemicals produced from salt below:


Chlorine Sodium hydroxide Hydrogen

• To treat drinking water and waste water

• To make bleach

• To make hydrochloric acid

• To make plastics including PVC

• To make solvents

• To make bleach

• To make soap and paper

• To process food products

• To remove pollutants from water

• For chemical processing and products

• To make fibres

• To make hydrochloric acid

• As a fuel to produce steam

8. These questions are about a key chemical process:

a) Name the process that uses an electrical current to split sodium chloride (in a brine solution). Electrolysis

b) Name the four chemical elements in brine. Na, Cl, O, H

c) Name the three chemical products of this process. Chlorine gas, hydrogen gas, sodium hydroxide solution.

d) Industry are trying to cut down on the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity for this process. What types of energy are they trying to use instead? Renewable sources such as burning household and industrial wastes that cannot be recycled.


9. This question is about chemicals in the environment.a) What are POPs? Persistent organic pollutants.b) Why are they a particular problem for people living in

the Arctic? POPs tend to accumulate in fatty tissue of animals. Arctic people have a diet high in fat so may consume a high quantity of POPs.


10. This pipe is made from PVC.a) In the first stage of the process of making PVC, manufacturers

need to make vinyl chloride. What two chemicals are required to make vinyl chloride? Ethene and chlorine.

b) Vinyl chloride monomers are joined together to make a long chained poly vinyl chloride molecule in a process know as polymerisation?

c) PVC granules can then be moulded into different shapes using heat and pressure.

d) Why might a plasticiser be used with PVC? To make it soft and flexible.


1. A 3kW immersion heater heats water for a bath over a period of 2 hours. The electricity used costs 11p per unit.

a) Calculate the energy used by the immersion heater to heat the bath water. 3 kW x 2 h = 6 kWh

b) Calculate the cost of the energy used.6 kWh x 11p = 66 p


2. For all electrical items, their power is related to the current and the voltage of the electricity supply. In the UK, the mains voltage is 230 V.

a) A hairdryer has a power rating of 700 W. Calculate the current.Power = voltage x current700 W = 230 V x current current = 3 A

b) What is the mains power of an appliance that needs a current of 5 A to make it run?Power = 230 V x 5 A = 1150 W



Sankey diagram for a filament bulb

Sankey diagram for an energy-saving bulb

3. a) Calculate the efficiency of the two types of bulb above.

Filament bulb: 10 J ÷ 100 J x 100 = 10%Energy saving: 75 J ÷ 100 J x 100 = 75%

b) Suggest why filament bulbs should no longer be sold.Because they are inefficient/waste too much energy.


4. Define the following terms:

a) Primary energy source. An energy source that occurs naturally e.g. coal, oil, natural gas, wind, sunlight, wood.

b) Secondary energy source. An energy source that is generated using a primary energy source. E.g. our electricity.

P3 Sustainable Energy5. a) Describe how you could generate an electric current using the equipment below. [2 marks]

b) What type of current will be produced using this method? [1 mark] Alternating current

Move the magnet (1)In and out of the coil (1)Induced current (1)

6. a) Use the words to label the numbered parts of this coal-fired power station.GENERATOR=3 TURBINE=2 FURNACE=1 TRANSFORMER=4b) How would this power station be different if it was a nuclear power station?The furnace would not be present. Instead there would be a nuclear reactor.


7. These questions are about nuclear power.a) Why are nuclear fuels and nuclear wastes dangerous?

They are radioactive.b) Name one way that dangerous nuclear wastes are

stored. Mixed with concrete. Stored under water.c) With reference to radioactive material, what does it

mean to be i. Contaminated. When radioactive material lands on or gets

inside something.ii. Irradiated. When something is exposed to ionising radiation.

d) Give two advantages of using nuclear power instead of fossil fuels. No CO2 produced. Produces far more energy in comparison to the same amount of fossil fuel.


P3 Sustainable Energy8. For the following renewable energy resources, list one advantage and one disadvantage.

Renewable energy resource

Advantage Disadvantage

Solar power Little/no waste products/pollution. Potentially infinite energy supply. Single dwellings can have own electricity supply.

Dependent on having sunny days. Unreliable. Low amount of energy produced. Expensive.

Wind power Little/no waste products/pollution. Can be found singularly, but usually many together in wind farms. Potentially infinite energy supply.

Dependent on having windy days. Unreliable. Low amount of energy produced. Expensive. Could be considered an eyesore?

Biofuels Can be replaced quickly. Cheap (relatively). Readily available.

Crops need to be replanted. Need a large space to grow enough crops. Low amount of energy produced. Produces CO2.

P3 Sustainable Energy9. The following questions are about the National Grid.

a) What is the purpose of the National Grid? To distribute electricity to all the places we need it.

b) What is the voltage of the UK domestic power supply? 230 V

c) Why is it more efficient to distribute electricity at much higher voltages (e.g. 200,000 V) on the National Grid? The higher the voltage, the smaller the current needed for the same power output to the user. With a smaller current, less energy is lost due to heating in the wires.

d) Name the piece of equipment that can alter the voltage of an a.c. electricity supply. A transformer.

b3 c3 p3 revision quiz!

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