bab 7 hortatory exposition written

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10Hortatory Exposition

Persuading to

Learning Objectives:

1. The students are able to understand the meanings of spoken hortatory exposition monologs accurately, fluently, and contextually accepted in daily life.

2. The students are able to express the meanings of spoken hortatory exposition monologs accurately, fluently, and contextually accepted in daily life.

3. The students are able to read the meanings of written hortatory exposition monologs accurately, fluently, and contextually accepted in the forms of written materials.

4. The students are able to write hortatory exposition texts accurately, fluently, contextually accepted in the forms of formal and informal forms of writing.

SECTION ONE: Building Knowledge of the Field

Activity 1: Exploring Ideas

Explore your ideas and respond the questions.

1. Do you see social, political or economic problems around you?

2. What are they? Mention some of them.

3. State one problem in the form of a thesis.

English for the Eleventh Grade of SMA/KTSP-2007 123

4. What is your argument?

5. What is your recommendation?

Activity 2: Stating the problems

State the problems you know in the form of theses, arguments, and

recommendations.

Economic problem Theses Arguments Recommendations

Social problem ……………… ……………… …………………

Political problem ……………… ……………… …………………

Cultural problem ……………… ……………… …………………

Educational problem ……………… ……………… …………………

Activity 3: Studying the following language focus

Study the following language focus usually used the hortatory

exposition text.

A. SHOULD

a. Menyatakan anjuran (advisability).

You look pale, you should see a doctor.

He seems sleepy when he drives. You should ask him to stop.

b. Menyatakan kewajiban (obligatory/duty) = ought to.

Everyone should (ought to) respect parents.

He should come to take the test on time.

c. Menyatakan kesimpulan yang sudah jelas.

She stopped smoking for years, she should be healthy..

You lived in a big city, you should be aware of the air pollution.

B. MUST

a. Menyatakan kebutuhan (necessity) dan keharusan (=have to).

We must keep our environment clean (=We have to keep our

environment clean.)

They must stop throwing wastes into the river.


b. Menyatakan kemungkinan kuat (strong possibility).

The flood happened again. It must have been the result of the forest

destruction.

The cigar was still burning but he was not there.

He must have gone out.

c. Menyatakan kesimpulan (conclusion).

The river is polluted. The fish must be died.

The people is crowded. There must be a political strike.

Activity 4: Finding out the meaning of statements

Find out the meaning of the following statements.

1. Smoking should be banned in the public place.………………………………………………………………………

2. The government must ban smoking in the public transportation.………………………………………………………………………

3. I strongly recommend that the government ban prostitution.………………………………………………………………………

4. I really think that the government should ban gambling.………………………………………………………………………

5. It’s a hard work for the government to stop people drinking alcohol.………………………………………………………………………

6. I’d recommend that the government ban illegal racing.………………………………………………………………………

7. I think it would be wise to ban smoking at school.………………………………………………………………………

8. I wonder if the police ever thought about banning public fighting.………………………………………………………………………

9. My advice is to ban playing cards.………………………………………………………………………

10. Perhaps the government could ban dating in the public place.………………………………………………………………………

Activity 5: Reading the text

Read the following text and find out the statements of

Thesis, arguments, and recommendations..

Dear Sir,

On behalf of the villagers, I would like to express our concern at the unreasonable amount of water pollution created by the factory in our area.


The pollution is increasing and causing many problems for the neighbourhood. The poisonous waste causes some diseases and makes fish in the river dead. The waste from the factory tunnels makes the water in the river dirty and poisonous. The contaminated water is dangerous for people living near the river because they always take some water from that river.

We would like to suggest that an enquiry be held into the running of the factory and the impact on the local community.

We hope that you will give this matter serious consideration, if not, we have other decision to stop this problem.

Yours sincerely,

Hilmi & Robert

Thesis : …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

Arguments : …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

Recommendations : …………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………

Activity 6: Finding out the information

List some factors of the water pollution.

No. Factors of water pollution

1. …………………………………………………………………………..

2. …………………………………………………………………………..

3. …………………………………………………………………………..

4. …………………………………………………………………………..

5. …………………………………………………………………………..

6. …………………………………………………………………………..

7. …………………………………………………………………………..

8. …………………………………………………………………………..

9. …………………………………………………………………………..

10. …………………………………………………………………………..


SECTION TWO: Modelling of the Text

Activity 7: Identifying the schematic structure and linguistic features of the hortatory exposition

Read the following hortatory exposition and identify the schematic Structure and linguistic features.

Into the Mouth of Babes

We are writing to you because we are concerned about the way food is being advertised to children.

What we eat now affects our health in years to come. Bad dietary habits start while we are very young. For this reason, your government supports health education that encourages a balanced healthy diet. Australians are encouraged to get the bulk of their nutrients from fresh fruits, vegetables, and wholegrain cereals, a lesser amount from foods high in fat, salt and sugar.

TV advertising to children presents a completely different message. Nearly 80% of food advertising pushes fatty snacks or sweets – the very foods that should be eaten least. To make matter worse, these ads take up much of the advertising time. This must be stopped.

TV advertising is powerful and influential. Parents, however strong-willed, find it hard to resist pressures created by this advertising. Children are least able to understand the tricks of the advertising industry.

For the hours when children are the main audience, TV advertising of foods must be made to reinforce, not undermine, the message about a balanced diet. We appeal to you, as Prime Minister, to take the lead in calling together the


Thesis

Argument1

Argument2

Argument3

Recom-mendation

Causal Connective

Action Verb

Generic participant

Strong modality

Linking Verb

Specific participant

Modality

(Simple Present Tense)

Specific participant

ContrastiveConnective

Linking Verb

advertisers, TV networks, consumers and public health bodies to decide how this is to be done.

Yours sincerely,Signed by Barbara Biggins and other prominent signatories.

Activity 8: Answering the questions based on the text

Answer the following questions orally based on the text. Do this activity in your group.

1. Who wrote the letter above?

2. Whom was the letter written for?

3. Why did the sender send this letter?

4. According to the writer, where can healthy nutrients be obtained?

5. What arguments did the writer use to convince the reader that TV

advertising to children was bad?

6. What shouldn’t TV advertising have done when children were the main

audience?

7. What should TV advertising have done?

8. What did the writer recommend to the Prime Minister?

9. What’s your argument?

10. What’s your group’s recommendation?

Activity 9: Analyzing the schematic structure of the hortatory exposition

Read the following hortatory exposition text and analyze the schematic structure: THESIS, ARGUMENT, RECOMMENDATION.

Smoking is inhalation and exhalation of the fumes of burning tobacco. Cigarettes, the most popular method of smoking, consist of finely


Recommendation

1

shredded tobacco rolled in lightweight paper. About 48 million people in the United States smoke an estimated total of 430 billion cigarettes each year. This activity seems very dangerous and harmful though many people do that and are never aware of the bad effects.

Until the 1940s, smoking was considered harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since confirmed that tobacco smoke presents a hazard to health. Smoke from the average cigarette contains around 4,000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic and at least 43 of which cause cancer. Nicotine, a major constituent of tobacco smoke, is both poisonous and highly addictive.

According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today. So, it is suggested that people should avoid smoking in order to be healthy people.

Activity 10: Analyzing the linguistic features of the hortatory exposition

Read the following text and identify the language features. Determine the GENERIC PARTICIPANT, SPECIFIC PARTICIPANT, CAUSAL CONNECTIVE, ACTION VERB, SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE, MODALITY, LINKING VERB.

Smoking is inhalation and exhalation of the

fumes of burning tobacco. Cigarettes, the most popular

method of smoking, consist of finely shredded tobacco

rolled in lightweight paper. About 48 million people in

the United States smoke an estimated total of 430 billion

cigarettes each year. This activity seems very dangerous

and harmful though many people do that and are never

aware of the bad effects.


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3

1

2

3

4

5

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Until the 1940s, smoking was considered

harmless, but laboratory and clinical research has since

confirmed that tobacco smoke presents a hazard to

health. Smoke from the average cigarette contains around

4,000 chemicals, some of which are highly toxic and at

least 43 of which cause cancer. Nicotine, a major

constituent of tobacco smoke, is both poisonous and

highly addictive.

According to the American Cancer Society,

smoking is the most preventable cause of death in

America today. So, it is suggested that people should

avoid smoking in order to be healthy people.

SECTION THREE: Joint Construction of the Text

Activity 11: Making theses, arguments, and recommendation

Look at the illustration below. Make theses, arguments, and Recommendations towards the problems of saving energy, wastes, air pollution, reforestation, saving fuel, and keeping our world clean and healthy. Discuss it in your group and write them on your group worksheet.


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Examples:

We should save electricity and water every day. We must not be wasteful.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………2. ……………………………………………………………………………3. ……………………………………………………………………………4. ……………………………………………………………………………5. ……………………………………………………………………………6. ……………………………………………………………………………7. ……………………………………………………………………………8. ……………………………………………………………………………9. ……………………………………………………………………………10. ……………………………………………………………………………

Activity 12: Reading the text for gaining information

Read the following text for your information before you make a hortatory exposition. Answer the questions below orally in your group discussion.

Air pollution happens when it contains enough harmful impurities to affect the health, safety, or comfort of living things. The impurities, or pollutants, could be tiny particles of matter or gases not normally found in air.

When people breathe, pollutants in the air may be deposited in the lungs or absorbed into the body. And polluted air can harm animals and plants as well as people. For this reason, our air supply should be closely watched and managed to assure its good quality.

There are two main types of air pollution—natural pollution and pollution caused by people. The damage caused by air pollution is enormous. Many flower and vegetable crops suffer ill effects from car exhaust gases. Trees have been killed by pollution from power plants. The fumes from smelters that recover aluminum from ore have poisoned cattle. Air pollution causes rubber tires on automobiles to crack and become porous. Fine buildings become shabby, their walls blackened with soot that has settled on them. Building surfaces may actually deteriorate because of air pollution. Air pollution causes eye irritations, scratchy throats, and respiratory illness.


There are three basic approaches to the control of air pollution—preventive measures, such as changing the raw materials used in industry or the ingredients of fuel, dispersal measures, such as designing equipment to trap pollutants before they escape into the atmosphere.

1. What is the text about?2. Do you find a thesis from the text?3. What is the thesis stated in the text above?4. What are your arguments about the problem of pollution?5. What are your recommendations to overcome the problem of pollution?

Activity 13: Making a hortatory exposition

Make a hortatory exposition about “pollution” based on a thesis, arguments, and a recommendation made in Activity 11 and your discussion result in Activity 12. Use the text plan provided below to construct it correctly. Discuss it first in your group and make a good text on a piece of paper. Do this task in your group.

Thesis (Make a statement about the pollution?) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Argument (Explain what disadvantages of pollution are) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………Recommendation (What should people do to anticipate and overcome the problems of pollution?) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION FOUR: Independent Construction of the Text Activity 14: Answering the questions

Answer the following questions based on the information below.


Drinking alcohol Gambling

Playing cards Playing fireworks

1. Do you have your own statements about the problems illustrated above?2. What is your thesis about drinking alcohol?3. What is your argument about its disadvantages?4. What is your recommendation to avoid drinking alcohol?5. Do you have the same statements, arguments, and recommendations

towards the other problems: gambling, playing cards, and playing dangerous firework games?

6. State one by one. Write them on a piece of paper.

Activity 15: Writing a hortatory exposition

Choose one of the problems presented and discussed in Activity 14.

Make a hortatory exposition using the plan of the text correctly.

Write it out on a piece of paper; then exhibit it in front of the class.

Consider the following clues.

State the main point of the problem in the form of thesis. Explain disadvantages of the chosen problem and write it in the form of

arguments. Make your advice or suggestion in the form of recommendation.

THESIS : …………………………………………………….

ARGUMENTS : …………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………….

RECOMMENDATION : …………………………………………………….


…………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………….


bab 7 hortatory exposition written

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