Background for SSE IPR Workshop12-13 May 2014

Carlisle, Pennsylvania

• Safe and Secure Environment is a sector within the Strategic Framework for Stabilization and Reconstruction.

• The Strategic Framework is the foundation for the research of the Governance in Security and Development (GISD) project.

• Objective of GISD is to assist Civil Affairs stand up new governance specialty, 38G.

• One sub-specialty of 38G will focus on developing safe and secure environments.

• This IPR Workshop enables the project to “drill down” into what a 38G SSE sub-specialty looks like.

Function of a SSE System

In a relevant operating environment, the goals of SSE activities are to provide a level of safety and security that is acceptable to the local population.

Key Processes of an SSE System1. Establishment and maintenance of peace (public order)

- Radical de-escalation of violence

2. Disarmament and Demobilization of relevant armed groups- Combatants in a post-conflict situation- Criminals and vigilantes in a post-crisis situation

3. Reintegration of relevant groups into normal society- Usually combined with 2. above, but vastly different

4. Reestablish and, where necessary, reform the indigenous security forces

- Considered Security Sector Reform in literature- Mainly accomplished thru training and education

5. Execute 1 – 4 in a manner that supports the other four sectors

Cessation/ De-escalation

Disarm &Demobilize

Reintegrate

Reestablish &Reform

Safe &Secure

Environment

AcceptableSense ofSecurity

Doctrine

Inte

rnat

iona

l

Law Rul

es o

f

Engag

emen

t

Forces

Stakeholders

Media

Resources(e.g. $$$)

OtherSectors

The Safe and Secure Environment System (simplified)

Each represents a summary of three forces:

- The Unification Force (Coherence)- of Command- of Effort- of Goals

- The Organization Force (de-coherence)- of priorities- of culture

- The Personality Force (either)- of leaders- of stakeholders

Each force has five elements:

Space

Time

Energy

Mass

Information

Who is involved?Who are Stakeholders?

Military Command

Operating Environment

JOA, AOR, JSOA, etc.

Indigenous Population

Host Nation

Interagency

Insurgent

Insurgent

NGOs

NGOs

Press

Press

Contractor

Contractor

Terrorists

Terrorists

OtherInterestedNations

OtherInterestedNations

LocalInterestGroups

LocalInterestGroups

IntelligenceCommunity

IntelligenceCommunity

What Level of Security for safe and secure environments?

National

Provincial/State

Community

Neighborhood

Self

Planetary

Environmental Security

Physical Security

Human Security

What Kind/Type of Security for safe and secure environments?

Economic Security

Cultural Security

Social Security

National

Provincial/State

Community

Neighborhood

Self

Planetary

Political Security

Logistical Security

Info Security

Governmental Security

Religious Security

Military

Police

Populace

Who provides security for safe and secure environments?

National

Provincial/State

Community

Neighborhood

Self

Planetary

Militias

Government (non-military)

Leaders

Two Major SSE Challenges

1. Capturing and summarizing the kinds/types of security- Objective is to identify 38G security specialties

2. Answering the question: For what group are we providing a safe and security environment?

- The State?- The People?- Both?

Summarizing Types of Security: A Strawman

• Guiding Principles mentions two types:- Territorial- Physical

• We found twelve possible types (not comprehensive)

• Overlap- Territorial becomes Physical- Physical becomes Human Security

• Physical/territorial security includes the following:- Logistical security

• Human security includes the following:- Social security- Religious security- Cultural security- Personal security

Summarizing Types of Security: A Strawman: cont’d

• Economic security is a cross-cutting type that requires collaboration with the economic/infrastructure sector

• Political security is a cross-cutting type that requires collaboration with the governance and rule of law sectors

• Environmental security – assuring a sustained natural resource base that enables a people and state to flourish

- This is a new component of SSE

• Information security – assuring information as means, media and message content for both the state and the populace is protected

- This is a new component of SSE

Summarizing the SSE types to identify Specialties

• Physical Security- focused mainly on security for the state

• Human Security- focused mainly on security for the people

• Environmental Security- focused mainly security for the natural resource base

• Information Security- focused on both state and populace protecting their data- Includes all aspects of information

- Means, Media, Message (content)

Physical Security Specialty

Description: Primarily based on existing military specialties, especially infantry, military police, engineers, intelligence and medical service corps relevant MOSs and levels. Can include civilian specialties like SWAT teams, private security firm management (e.g. CEO, COO), and police leadership and administration (e.g. see RoL descriptions).

Qualifications: For military related specialties, consult appropriate MOS qualification standards, including educational standards. For civilian specialties, consult requirements expressed as resumes for security managers (following slide).

Human Security SpecialtyDescription: Consult security manager resume as part, but alsoincludes study and experience with social work, social and economicdevelopment, cultural (especially religious) studies, and cultural/historical heritage/archaeological subjects. This is a specialtythat probably requires sub-specialty discussion. The common threadis the necessity for security management education/experience.

Qualifications: The security manager qualifications no longer aresufficient. Must have at least a B.A./B.S. in a security-related discipline/cross-discipline. For sub-specialties, and advanced degreewith accompanying work experience is required.

Environmental Security Specialty

Description: Consult job descriptions for Health, Safety andEnvironmental (HSES) managers (read following slide for Illustration.) This is incomplete, however. Also consult jobdescriptions for Natural Resources Manager (accompanyingWord document.) However, the core description remains thatof Security Manager.

Qualifications: the Natural Resources Manager descriptionprovides a good basis for developing levels. Also, the illustrativeHSES PD also provides a private sector view of what qualificationsare necessary for this specialty.

Information Security SpecialtyDescription: Provides expert advice and counsel concerning any andall aspects of Information, including communications, computers, networks, and software. Examples from civilian sector abound. Thereare also three general levels in the IT field: Security Manager, SecurityDirector, and Chief Information Officer. These fit nicely with the 38GBasic, Master, and Expert levels.

Qualifications: These include a basic degree in the IT field,a minimum of 3 years relevant experience, with advancedlevels requiring advanced degrees in business and increasedrelevant job experience. In this case,Formal certification should be considered mandatory (e.g. CISSM, CISP, GIAC (some form thereof)

(Three PDs – one for each level – are provided separately)

Security for Whose safe and secure environment?

This is a major question within the Security literature.

• State security means a predominance of military, paramilitary, militia and police forces.

- Mainly oriented to Physical Security- Also keeping Public Order at expense of Person- Includes US Population Resource Control concept

State Security

• People or Populace Security means predominance of local civilian authorities

- Community/neighborhood- oriented policing,- Neighborhood organizations- Social intervention

• Not necessarily opposed, but often is the case.- if State over Populace, foundation for Insurgency and worse- if Populace over State, foundation for regime change.

Populace/People Security