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Background: • There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract • Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis • This involves identifying both the nature of the disease and its precise location within the GI tract

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Page 1: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Background:• There are many diseases that

involve the gastrointestinal tract

• Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis

• This involves identifying both the nature of the disease and its precise location within the GI tract

Page 2: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Examples of common diseases

• Ulcers

• Cancers

• Inflammation (colitis, ileitis,gastritis)

• Arteriovenous malformations

• Infections

Page 3: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Problem:

How to visualize the gastrointestinal tract in order to diagnose and treat?

Page 4: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

ANATOMIC DISTRIBUTIONGastrointestinal Tract

Stomach

Small bowel

Rectum

Colon

EsophagusEsophagus

Page 5: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 6: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 7: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 8: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 9: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 10: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Endoscopic view of gastric ulcerEndoscopic view of gastric ulcer

Page 11: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 12: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 13: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

• We were still left with about 20 feet of small bowel that could not be reached by endoscopes from above and below

Page 14: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 15: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 16: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 17: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Antenna

ASIC transmitter

Batteries

CMOS imager Lens

Illuminating LEDs

Schematic diagram of M2A capsule

Page 18: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 19: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Normal

Page 20: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Arteriovenous malformation

Page 21: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the
Page 22: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Arteriovenous malformation with active bleeding

Page 23: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

NSAID ulceration

Page 24: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Ischemic ulceration

Page 25: Background: There are many diseases that involve the gastrointestinal tract Treatment depends upon specific diagnosis This involves identifying both the

Carcinoid tumor


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