bacteria - coach karp's science page -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Bacteria
Flesh Eating Bacteria
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What are the two domains of bacteria?
• Eubacteria
– “Good” or “true” bacteria.
– Live everywhere
– Cell wall with peptidoglycan
• Archaebacteria
– “Old” bacteria
– Live in extreme environments (hot springs, high salt
concentrations, etc)
– Cell wall without peptidoglycan
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What type of cells are bacteria?
• Prokaryotic
– No Nucleus or membrane bound organelles
• Unicellular
– Contain one cell
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Three basic shapes of bacteria
• cocci - round shape
• bacilli - rod shape
• spirillum - spiral shaped
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Arrangements of bacteriaBacteria can also arrange themselves in different ways
according to their shape
• Strepto - chains • Staphylo - clusters
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Arrangement
• Streptococcus - Chain
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Arrangement
• Streptobacillus - Chains
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Arrangement
• Dicoccus - Two
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Arrangement
• Staphylococcus - Clusters
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Basic parts of a bacterium1. Nuclear Material (DNA)
• NO NUCLEUS!!!!
2. Cytoplasm
3. Ribosomes
4. Cell Membrane
5. Cell wall
• with and without peptidoglycan
• Gram positive and gram negative (only Eubacteria)
6. Plasmid (circular loop of DNA)
7. Fagellum
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What is a flagellum?
Used for locomotion
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What ways do they move?
• Flagellum
• Long whip-like
tail (shown)
• Slime
• Slime layer used
to slide
• Spiral Movement
• Spiral twisting
• No Movement
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What two ways do bacteria
reproduce?
• Asexual
– Binary Fission
• Identical Cells
• Sexual (pseudo)
– Conjugation then
binary fission
• New Genetically Different Cells
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How do bacteria obtain food?
• Autotrophic
– Make it themselves with the help of light or
inorganic matter and chemicals
• Heterotrophic
– Breakdown food, dead or decaying matter
(organic matter).
• decomposer
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Do bacteria need oxygen?
• Yes
– Some need oxygen to help break down food.
• No
– Some cannot use oxygen and it is like poison
to them and kills the bacteria.
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Can bacteria protect themselves?• Yes!
• Endospore
– A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell
– It contains the cell’s genetic material and some of its
cytoplasm.
– It can resist freezing, heating, and drying.
– They can survive for many years.
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What good do bacteria
do for the planet?• Fuel
– Some Archaebacteria produces methane
• Food
– Bacteria assist in making food such as yogurt, pickles, cheese, apple cider.
• Recycling
– Breaking down dead and decaying matter (decomposer).
– Some bacteria are used to clean up oil spills.
• Symbiotic Relationships
– E. coli Vitamin K in Human Intestines
– Cow gut
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Microbial Friends
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Turns milk into yogurt
Streptomycin
Makes streptomycin, an antibiotic
Escherichia coli
Aids in food
digestion
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What are some bad things bacteria
do on the planet?
• Spoil food
• Cause Disease
– Food Poisoning
– Lyme Disease
– Strep Throat
– Tuberculosis (TB)
• Producing toxins that harm living things
– Tetanus, Botulism, Anthrax
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How can you treat and prevent
bacterial diseases?
• Antibiotic
– chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth
without harming the body cells of humans
• Vaccine
– substance used in a vaccination that consists of
pathogens that have been weakened or killed, but
can still trigger the immune system into action.