bacteriabacteriabacteriabacteria. bacteria are very small…
TRANSCRIPT
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BBaacctteerriiaa
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Bacteria are very small…
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This is a pore in human skin, the
yellow dots are bacteria:
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Bacterium
This bacterium is much
smaller than the white blood cell that is
about to “eat” it:
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Clean skin has about 20 million bacteria per square inch:
So, are bacteria alive?
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Structure of Bacteria – Be able to label.
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Antibiotics:• 1928 – Sir Alexander
Fleming• Discovered Penicillin
from mold that contaminated his petri dish.
• Penicillin was the first antibiotic!
Zone of Inhibition
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Common AntibioticsAntibiotic Mechanism Target bacteria
Penicillin Inhibits cell wall synthesis Gram Positive
Ampicillin Inhibits cell wall synthesis Broad spectrum
Bacitracin Inhibits cell wall synthesis Gram Positive – Skin Ointment
Cephalosporin Inhibits cell wall synthesis Gram Positive
Tetracycline Inhibits Protein Synthesis Broad spectrum
Streptomycin Inhibits Protein Synthesis Gram Neg. tuberculosis
Sulfa drug Inhibits cell metabolism Bacterial meningitis, UTI
Rifampin Inhibits RNA synthesis Gram Pos., some Neg.
Quinolines Inhibits DNA Synthesis UTI
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Identifying Bacteria: 3 Basic Shapes
• Coccus (Cocci) - sphere• Bacillus (Bacilli) – rod• Spiral• Prefixes:
–Diplo – growing in pairs–Staphylo – growing in groups resembling
grapes–Strepto – growing in chains
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Cocci are sphere shaped:
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Bacilli are rod shaped:
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Spirillium bacteria are corkscrew shaped:
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Diplo appear in pairs, such as diplococcus bacteria that cause
gonorrhea:
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Staphylo bacteria occur in clumps, such
as Staph. Infections.
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Strepto bacteria occur
in chains, such as Strep.
Throat:
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Use the terms in combinations to describe bacteria:
• Streptococcal • Staphylococcal
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Can you name these bacteria?
Streptobacilli Diplococci
Spirilli
Streptococci Staphylococci
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Where can we catch these bacteria?
Cell Phones!
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Bacterial Reproduction: Fission
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Bacterial Reproduction: Conjugation
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Bacteria & DiseaseDisease Pathogen Areas
affectedMode of transmission
Botulism Clostridium botulinum Nerves Improperly preserved food
Cholera Vibrio cholerae Intestine Contaminated water
Dental Caries Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, salivarius
Teeth Environment to mouth
Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Urethra, fallopian
Sexual contact
Lyme disease Berrelia burgdorferi Skin, joints Tick bite
Rocky Mountain SF
Rickettsia recketsii Blood, skin Tick bite
Salmonella Salmonella Intestine Contaminated food, water
Strep throat Streptococcus pyogenes URT, blood, skin
Sneezes, coughs, etc.
Tetanus Costridium tetani Nerves Contaminated wounds
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lung, bones coughs
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Spirillium: Lyme Disease
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Helicobacter pylori can cause
ulcers:
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Leprosy is a bacterial
infection that decreases blood
flow to the extremities
resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the
fingers.
Mycobacteriumleprae
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Botulism – Botox
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Cholera:•Vibrio cholerae – produces enterotoxin (toxin released in the intesting)
•The enterotoxin changes sodium movement in intestines and the person could lose up to 6 liters of water per day.
•Dehydration – leading to low blood pressure causes death
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Salmonella
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Strep Throat
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Syphilis
Famous Contributers:•Henry VIII•George Washington•Edgar Allan Poe•Vladimir Lenin•Al Capone
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Tetanus
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TuberculosisEvolutionary Arms RaceEpisode 1 Episode 2
XDR-TB
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NOT ALL BACTERIA ARE BAD!!!!
BUT WAIT!
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Beneficial Bacteria: Nitrogen Fixation
Nitrogen fixing bacteria in soybean roots.
Usually found on roots of legumes.
We depend on these bacteria for nitrogen! We get our nitrogen (DNA/RNA) from eating plants.
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Beneficial Bacteria: FOOD!
Bifidobacteria are beneficial to the gastro-intestinal tract.
They are also called probiotic bacteria.
Streptococcus lactis and other lactic acid bacteria are used to make cheese. They
ripen the cheese and provide characteristic flavour.
Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the major yogurt-
forming bacteria. The other is Lactobacillus
bulgaricus
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BeneficialBacteria: Environmental Clean-Up!!
Pseudomonas putida
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Bacteria video
Homework:p. 516 #3,5,6,7,11,12,13,16,19,20
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BUT HOW???
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Evolution / Classification:
• Most ancient organisms• Most numerous on Earth• Microscopic, unicellular• Prokaryotes• Autotrophic & Heterotrophic• Two Domains:
– Archaebacteria & Eubacteria
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Archaebacteria – 3 Types:
• Methanogens: live in Anaerobic environments– no O2
• Halophiles: live in high salt concentrations– Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea
• Thermophiles: live in acidic, hot waters – Hot springs, volcanic vents
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Eubacteria – 3 Types• Heterotrophs – obtain nutrients from others –
may be parasites or saprophytes (decomposer).• Photosynthetic autotroph – e.g. Cyanobacteria
– contain chlorophyll and undergo photosynthesis.
• Chemosynthetic autotroph – chemosynthesis. They use inorganic compounds, such as nitrogen & sulfur to make food. e.g. Nitrogen fixation