Application of Space-Based Remote Sensingto

Climate Change & Disaster Relief

High Level SegmentITU Council 2008

November 13, 2008

Badri YounesDeputy Associate Administrator for Space Communications & Navigation

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

United States of America

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Societal Benefits of Remote Sensing

• Remote sensing provides critical data about the Earth’s environment.

• NASA, in cooperation with other US government agencies, and international partners, constantly monitors the state of our planet’s atmosphere, oceans, and land. • This knowledge is freely shared so that all nations can benefit.

• Such knowledge may be used to help nations prepare for potential natural disasters as well as to recover from them after they occur.

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NASA Participates in Two Response EnvironmentsRegulatory & Operational

• Regulatory– ITU-D Study Group 2 Question 22/2

• “Utilization of ICT for Disaster Management, Resources, and Active and Passive Space Based Sensing Systems As They Apply to Disaster and Emergency Relief Situations”

– Space Frequency Coordination Group (SFCG)• Intersessional Working Group on Disaster Management

– Increases Worldwide Awareness of Available Resources and of Need for Continued Regulatory Protection of Remote Sensing Bands

• Operational– Long History of Scientific Missions Focusing on Observation of

Critical Earth and Atmospheric Parameters– Extensive International Scientific Cooperation

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International Cooperation in Sensor Development

Acronym/Abbreviation

Name/Title MISSION COUNTRY

ADEOS Advanced Earth Observation Satellite(s) JAPANALT Altimeter TOPEX/

POSEIDONUSA/FRANCE

ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite JAPANAMI Active Microwave Instrument ERS-1, -2 ESAAMR Altimetry Microwave Radiometer JASON-1 USAAMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer ADEOS-2 JAPANAMSR-E Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS EOS-PM JAPAN/

USAAMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit AQUA USAAMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit - A NOAA K+

METOP1USAESA

AMSU-B Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit - B NOAA-K+ USAAQUARIUS Radar + radiometer AQUARIUS USAASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar ENVISAT ESAASCAT Advanced Scatterometer METOP ESAATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder Bridge,

NPOESS-CNASA,NPOESS

ATSR, -2 Along Track Scanning Radiometer (& Microwave Sounder) ERS-1, -2 ESACLOUDRADAR

Cloud radar FUTURE ESA

CSR Commonwealth of Soviet RepublicsDELTA-2 OKEAN CSRDORIS Doppler Orbitography & Radio Positioning Integrated by

SatelliteTOPEX/POSEIDON

USA/FRANCE

ENVISAT Environmental Satellite ESAEOS Earth Observing System (-AM, morning equator crossing;

-PM afternoon crossing; -CHEM afternoon crossing)USA

ERS Earth Resource Satellite(s) ESAESA European Space AgencyETM Enhanced Thematic Mapper LANDSAT USAHSB Humidity Sounder, Brazil AQUA USA/BrazilHYDROS Radar + radiometer HYDROS USAIKAR PRIRODA CSRJERS Japanese Earth Resources Satellite JAPANMASTER FUTURE ESAMHS Microwave Humidity Sounder AQUA

NOAA-NMETOP

USAUSA ESA

MIMR Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer METOP ESAMIRAS Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis MIRAS ESAMIVZA (humidity sounder) METEOR CSRMLS Microwave Limb Sounder UARS,

AURAUSA

MSR Microwave Scanning Radiometer MOS-1B JAPANMSU Microwave Sounding Unit NOAA-9-14 USA

Acronym/Abbreviation

Name/Title MISSION COUNTRY

MTZA METEOR CSRMWR Microwave Radiometer ENVISAT ESANASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration USANOAA National Oceans and Atmospheres Administration USANSCAT(US) NASA Scatterometer ADEOS JAPANPR Precipitation Radar TRMM JAPANR-225 2.25 cm radiometer (?) OKEAN-O CSRR-400 4 cm radiometer (?) PRIRODA CSRR-600 6 cm radiometer (?) OKEAN-O CSRRA Radar Altimeter ERS-1,-2 ESARA-2 Radar Altimeter ENVISAT ESARADIOMTR Radiometer ODIN SWEDENRLSBO Imager OKEAN-O,

SICH-1CSR

RM-0.8 0.8 cm imaging radiometer SICH CSRSAR Synthetic Aperture Radar RADARSAT CANADASAR Synthetic Aperture Radar JERS-1 JAPANSAR Synthetic Aperture Radar SICH CSRSAR-10 Synthetic Aperture Radar - 9.6 cm ALMAZ CSRSAR-3 Synthetic Aperture Radar - 3.5 cm ALMAZ CSRSAR-70 Synthetic Aperture Radar - 70 cm ALMAZX CSRSIRC/XSAR Shuttle Imaging Radar -C, X-Synthetic Aperture Radar Shuttle USASMR Scanning Microwave Radiometer SICH CSRSEAWINDS(USA)

Scatterometer ADEOS-2 JAPAN

SLR-3 Side Looking Radar ALMAZX CSRSOPRANO Sub-millimeter Observation of Processes in the Absorption

Noteworthy for OzoneFUTURE ESA

SSALT Solid State Altimeter TPX/POS,JASON

USA,FRANCE

TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System USATMI (USA) TRMM Microwave Imager TRMM JAPANTMR TOPEX Microwave Radiometer TPX/POS,

JASONUSA,FRANCE

TPX/POS TOPEX/POSEIDON USA,FRANCE

TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission USA, JAPANTRVRS SAR Transverse-Synthetic Aperture Radar PRIRODA CSRTT&C Tracking, Telemetry, and CommandUARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite USAUSA United States of AmericaVSAR ? Synthetic Aperture Radar ALOS JAPAN

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Application of Space-Based Remote Sensing

Tsunamis

Droughts

Earthquakes

Floods

Landslides

Pollution

Sea Ice

Volcanoes

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Assessing Tsunami Damage

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Drought in Australia

Soil moisture distribution in Australia during October 2005 and 2006. Soil moisture distribution in Australia during October 2005 and 2006.

This data acquired by AMSR-E on Aqua. Red indicates low soil This data acquired by AMSR-E on Aqua. Red indicates low soil moisture (dry), while blue indicates higher soil moisture (wet). A moisture (dry), while blue indicates higher soil moisture (wet). A drought occurred in south east Australia (Granary area) in 2006.drought occurred in south east Australia (Granary area) in 2006.

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Earthquake Near Sumatra

ASTER data showed that Coral reefs off Nias Island, Indonesia were uplifted following earthquakes near Sumatra, Indonesia

in December 2004 and March, 2005.

ASTERASTER

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Hurricane Dean – August 2007

QuikSCAT

GOES

GOES imagery shows the characterand motion of the hurricane.

QuikSCAT produces windspeed and direction.

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Flooding in Germany

Landsat 7, Circa 2000 ASTER, August 20, 2002

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Landslide in Canada

RADARSAT-1 InSar Displacement Maps Cover 2000 - 2004

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Red Tide Off West Coast of Florida

SeaWiFS Observed a Red Tide on November 21, 2004 SeaWiFS Observed a Red Tide on November 21, 2004

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Antarctic Sea Ice Thickness

Weddell Sea Ice Thickness fromMultichannel Observations made by SIR-C/X-SAR

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Hawaiian Volcano Activity

Interferometric SAR Image of the Mauna Loa Caldera in Hawaii

Note: Ground motion indicates dangerous underground volcanic activity

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Indonesian Volcanic Hazard

Interferometric SAR Image of the Mauna Loa Caldera in HawaiiLandsat and SRTM combine to identify vulnerable areas and populations

Wildfires

Fires in Southern California, October 25, 2003 Observed with MODIS on TERRA.

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SERVIR The Regional Visualization and Monitoring System

Enabling the use of earth observations and models for timely decision making to benefit society

• Data and Models

• Online Maps

• Visualization

• Decision Support

• Training

• Partnerships

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SERVIR Applications

• Disaster Analysis

• Environmental Monitoring

• Air Quality Assessment

• Climate Change and Biodiversity

• Short Term Weather Prediction

Flooding Change Analysis in HaitiSeptember 2008

Fires in Guatemala and MexicoStudy on Potential Impacts ofClimate Change on Biodiversity

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South-South, Cross- Continental Geospatial Collaboration

• Equipment installed and training conducted for initial setup of SERVIR-East Africa node• Integrated system development underway for both regional centers• Continued advances in data acquisition:

-RCMRD & CATHALAC tasking requests of EO-1 satellite• Enhancement of visualization capabilities

- Beta version of the SERVIR Climate Mapper tool• Prototyping and development of new products/applications

- Flood potential product (using multiple NASA sensors and/adapting existing NASA models)

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SERVIR Countries Represented

Mesoamerica/Caribbean

– Guatemala– Belize– El Salvador– Honduras– Nicaragua– Costa Rica– Panama– Dominican Republic– Southern Mexico

East Africa– Kenya– Tanzania– Uganda– Rwanda– Ethiopia

Dan Irwin’s Presentation of SERVIR to the Presidents of Central America and Mexico

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SERVIR.net

For More Information• Dan Irwin – SERVIR Director daniel.irwin@nasa.gov

• Emilio Sempris – SERVIR Mesoamerica

Emilio.sempris@cathalac.org

• Kate Lance – SERVIR Africa

Kate.lance@nasa.gov

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Summary

• Space-Based Remote Sensing Provides Critical Information– Near Real Time Data for Disaster Relief– Long Term Trends for Assessing Climate Change

• Remote Sensing Data is Freely Available– Often via Internet

• International Organizations Can Assist Administrations with Remote Sensing Data Access and Application

– Climate Change Assessments– Disaster Management

• Spectrum is a Key Enabler– Critical Need for Interference-Free Spectrum for Sensing and Communications

• NASA Will Continue its Long History of International Cooperation– Application of NASA Spaceborne Capabilities to Mitigate Disasters and

Combat Adverse Climate Change