• The Philippines are a group of islands located east of Vietnam between the Philippine Sea and the South Chinese Sea. Spain had claim the islands since the 1500’s.

Modern Day

Map of

The Philippine

Islands

Emilio Aguinaldo setup government and proclaimed himself president of the new Philippine. He warned that he was prepared to take military action if the United States tried to assume control of the Philippines. As expected fighting broke out for three years, Filipino Independence fighters battled United States soldiers. Aguinaldo was captured and forced from power in 1901.

• Commodore Dewey was the Commander of the United States Navy’s Asiatic squadron. If war broke out between the United States and Spain. The Americans had the advantage of modern ships with iron and steel nulls, as well as superior weaponry. They were soon inflicting heavy damage on the old-fashioned wooden ships of the enemy. The Spanish fleet was soon ablaze and sinking. The United states won a decisive victory, not a single American soldier was harmed, but nearly 400 Spanish soldiers were injured or killed in the Battle of Ananila bay.

A picture of Commodore Dewy in uniform

A picture of Emilio Aguinaldo

The Hawaiian Annexation By- Bailey VanDeHeede

The Hawaiian Annexation was a big deal to the United States. The monarchy made us interested early on, Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown from her place, Dole made it a good investment, and the bayonet constitution helped us tremendously. The United States was interested in Hawaii early on. Our ships began to arrive there in the 1820’s. Missionaries from New England went to Hawaii to convert them to Christianity, they wanted the Hawaiians to learn their religion and change their beliefs. Foreigners brought many diseases that Hawaiians were not immune to yet. This caused the population to decrease rapidly. The main thing we saw in Hawaii was Pearl Harbor; it would allow us to have a permanent port. Later on, people began to settle and raise crops. There were many other things that made us interested in the islands and want them even more. After people began to settle in Hawaii and it became more developed, Americans formed the “Hawaiian League”. This league forced King Kalakaua to sign the bayonet constitution. This constitution restricted the king’s power and the United States would receive Pearl Harbor. Getting this landmark gave us the permanent port we were looking for when we first arrived there.

Queen Liliuokalani

Pearl Harbor

Map of Hawaii

Years after, King Kalakaua died and his sister Queen Liliuokalani took over. She wanted to do away from the bayonet constitution and make Hawaii independent from the United States. She tried to fortify the islands through a political movement called Oni Pa’a. Shortly after, she was overthrown by American business owners. The United States jailed her and let her out just over a year later. She still lived in Hawaii after everything had happened, but she kept her mouth shut. Sanford B. Dole was a sugar tycoon in Hawaii. The people wanted him to be president of the new regime. Then the United States President Grover Cleveland put the treaty on hold and wanted an investigation. The investigator condemned the revolt against Queen Liliuokalani and wanted her restored to her thrown. Sanford refused to step down though. The next president, William McKinley favored annexation and Hawaii became an American territory in 1898 and in 1959 became the 50th state. The Hawaiian Annexation added one more state to the United States. The monarchy, the queen, Dole, and the bayonet constitution were things that helped the United States take over Hawaii and some were setbacks, but in the end Hawaii was finally ours.

King Kalakaua

Dole Logo

American Flag

Imperial Interactions with Asia By Matt Ernster

Our interactions with Asia first began in 1784, when we made our first trades with China. Many people supported the U.S and Asian countries in branching out to each other, ending the isolationist approach. But there were also people in each country who were against moving out of our “shell” and wanted to keep the U.S in its own borders. Three main events caused the U.S and other western nations to begin their interactions with Asia. Secretary of State John Hay was the first to propose a policy for trade to Asia. It was called the Open Door Policy; its aim was to give all nations to be able to trade with China equally. The policy was proposed in 1899 but was not approved until March, 1900. Now that China was making foreign affairs with other countries, people began to oppose it and wanted their nation to go back to the way that it was. All the anger caused the Boxer Rebellion.

The Boxer Rebellion took place in June of 1900, when people called “Boxers” laid siege to Beijing, China. The “Boxers” where part of a group called the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, which is where the nickname came from. To help China fight off the attack, 20,000 troops from foreign countries, including 2,000 Americans, came to fight off the boxers. Then, in September 1901, China signed an agreement to stop the fighting. The rebellion only caused more support for the Open Door Policy.

Foreign troops occupying Beijing after the “Boxer Rebellion”.

America also got other nations to become interacted with Japan. In 1854, Japan signed a trade agreement with the U.S. After this, Japan began taking over many different countries around their area. But Russia also wanted the land that they were taking. In 1904, the Russo-Japanese War started between Japan and Russia over the land. President Roosevelt was able to help the nations by working out a peace treaty. Roosevelt went on to win a Nobel Peace prize for stopping a war.

The new

Imperialist outlook was

clearly supported and

opposed by many different

people. The “Boxers” were

against China branching out,

and Russia despised Japan

for taking actions that took

the land they wanted. Many

people had mixed feelings

but in the end, nobody could

stop nations from interacting

with one and other. When it

was all said and done,

imperialism was for the

better.

Asian troops marching to the front lines of war during the Russo – Japanese war. (1904)

In the late 1800’s The Spanish American War had begun. The Spanish War started for various reasons. The Spanish American War started because of yellow journalism, The Maine, and The de Lome Letter. Yellow Journalism was when people told scandalous stories and splashed shocking illustrations/pictures across their papers and articles. Randolf Hearst wanted the cruelty in Cuba to stop and wanted desperately for the United States to help support Cuba against Spain. Hearst sent Fredric Remington to Cuba to illustrate the Spanish cruelty; Hearst put the illustrations into his papers so that he could get more support for the Spanish War. The de Lome Letter was written by Enrique Dupay de Lome, Spain’s minister. De Lome’s letter ended up with a Cuban spy who had sold it to Randolf Hearst. Hearst published the letter in his journal; the letter ridiculed McKinley for being “weak and catering to the rabble.” Americans were outraged by de Lome’s letter and the Journal called it “The worst insult to the United States in its history.”

The Maine was a U.S.S battleship which at the time was stationed in Havana Harbor to protect American lives and property. On February 15, 1898 The Maine mysteriously blew up killing 260 sailors. Although there was no proof to how the tragedy happened; Americans blamed Spain. Mckinley demanded that Spain grant Cuba its independence. When Spain refused, congress declared war on April 25, 1898. The Spanish American War had begun. At first America did not want to step in the fight for Cuba’s independence against Spain. With the explosion of the Maine, the graphic illustrations shown all over papers, posters, and articles and the de Lome letter being shown through public news; America had changed their initial decision and decided to step in to help Cuba gain its independence against Spain.

Spanish American War By- Chase Sebastian

Mexican Revolution By: Margaret Obert

The Mexican Revolution was a big issue in the United States. The battle of Veracruz was a very violent war. 19 Americans died and 172 Mexicans died. Tampico Incident was when the Americans authorized the use of armed forces against Mexico. There were many people who fought in the Mexican Revolution, but the key leaders were Profirio Diaz, Emiliano Zapata, Francisco Madero, and Victoriano Huerta. The battle of Veracruz was when the Americans seized control over Mexico. 19 Americans were killed and 72 were wounded and 152-172Mexicans died and 195-250 were wounded during this war. Under cover of a naval bombardment U.S. marines then landed at Veracruz, when that happened a very violent and brutal battle erupted. This war went from April 21 to November 23, 1914.

The key fighting leaders in the Mexican Revolution were Profirio Diaz ruled Mexico as an oppressive dictator from 1877 to 1910, he kept most of the people impoverished. Emiliano Zapata lead the revolt against Diaz in the south. Francisco Madero became president of Mexico, and Victoriano Huerta executed Madero and named himself president. The Tampico Incident basically started off as a minor incident involving U.S. sailors and Mexican Land forces. The misunderstanding occurred on April 9, 1914, but would fully transpire into the breakdown of diplomatic relations between the two countries, and the occupation of the port city of Veracruz for over six months.

Profirio Diaz was the ruler of Mexico from 1877 to 1910

Victoriano Huerta executed Madero and said that he was the President.

Bibliography Matt "1750-1919: China and the West: Imperialism, Opium, and Self-Strengthening (1800-1921) | Central Themes and Key Points." Asia for Educators | Columbia University. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/main_pop/kpct/kp_imperialism.htm "The Boxer Uprising." Dickinson College Chronicles. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://chronicles.dickinson.edu/studentwork/engage/china/boxer.htm>. Bailey "The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii." National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hawaii-petition/>. "Queen Liliuokalani." University of Illinois at Chicago - UIC. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.uic.edu/depts/owa/history/liliuokalani.html>. Hunter "Malaria - PubMed Health." Web. 30 Jan. 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001646/>. "Yellow Fever - PubMed Health." Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002341/>. Margaret "MexOnline.com - Mexican Revolution of 1910." MEXICO TRAVEL GUIDE - Mexico Online Guide to Hotels | Rentals | Real Estate | Tours | Business | Activities | Culture | History | Holidays | Food | Maps | Information. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.mexonline.com/revolution.htm>. "The Mexican Revolution 1910 : Mexico History." Access Mexico Connect - Current Issue - The Electronic Magazine All about Mexico. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/2824-the-mexican-revolution-1910>. Brock "The History Guy: Philippine American War." The History Guy: A Resource for History, Military History, Politics, and Biography. Web. 30 Jan. 2012. <http://www.historyguy.com/PhilipineAmericanwar.html>. http://www.military.com/Resources/HistorySubmittedFileView?file=history_philippineinsurrection.htm Chase http://diyhomeschooler.com/the-spanish-american-war-a-mini-unit/ http://alt.tnt.tv/movies/tntoriginals/roughriders/jour.influencewar.html