barcodes - copy

8/13/2019 Barcodes - Copy

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What is a Barcode? Barcodes are simply a set of symbols used to represent alpha-numeric

information instead of seeing a number1, or letter A, you would see a

series of black and white bars in various combinations and in different

widths.

These are used to encode data. The data encoded in such bars can be

decoded again to represent it in human readable form.


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Brief History As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were used in industrial work

environments. Some of the early implementations of barcodes

included the ability identify rail road cars.

In the early 1970s, common barcodes started appearing on groceryshelves. To automate the process of identifying grocery items, UPC

barcodes were placed on products.

Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are used for

identification in almost all types of business.


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Why Use Barcodes? To increase productivity and reduce human error.

To accurately identify or track something.

The type of barcode to use for a particular situation depends upon:

1. The use.

2. The data encoded in the barcode.

3. How the barcode will be printed.


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Working A bar code consists of a series of parallel, adjacent bars and spaces.

A single barcode number is actually seven units. A unit is either black or

white. A unit that is black would display as a "bar". A unit that is white

would display as a "space". Another way of writing a barcode unit is "1" fora single unit "black bar" and "0" for a single unit "white space". For

instance, the number "1" is composed of the seven units, "0011001" or

"space-space-bar-bar-space-space-bar

A bar code reader decodes a bar code by scanning a light source across the

bar code and measuring the intensity of light reflected back by the whitespaces. The pattern of reflected light is detected with a photodiode which

produces an electronic signal that exactly matches the printed bar code

pattern. This signal is then decoded back to the original data by electronic

circuit.


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BarcodeSymbology Symbology is a system of encoding data. This system is created so that an object

such as a scanner canthen decode the data from the barcode.

categories:

discrete

Continuous

Discrete

Each separate character is decoded by the scanner or other device byitself.

Continuous

Every single character on an individual barcode must be readtogether. If they are separated, the barcode becomes invalid.

These types of barcodes are used for more important types of things such ashuman identification (driver's licenses, etc)


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Principals And Foundations Of Barcode

SymbologyEvery part of a barcode has a special meaning, which is why it is encoded to

be interpreted by a computer.

principals and foundations of barcode symbology

symbol set

density

Readability

Setup

acceptance.

Acceptance basically means that the barcode should be compatible with anothercompany's scanners or database so that it can be easily read.

The UPC code is the most commonly used form of barcode symbology.


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BarcodeSymbologyTypes:SSYMBOLOGIES

LINEAR/1D BARCODE 2D BARCODE

Code Aztec

Code PDF417

Code Datamatrix Code QR

Code Maxicode

Etc

Code 39

Code 128

Code UPC Code EAN

Code ITF

Code POSTNET

Etc..


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Barcode (examples)There are two types of barcodes: Linear barcodesand 2D barcodes.

Some examples include:
http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/


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Barcode Types


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Choosing the Best Barcode Type to Use Determining the best type of barcode to use depends on the environment,

requirements, application, and printer.

When dealing strictly with barcode fonts, there are two types:

1.Fonts that require encoding

with use of a font tool

(Code 128, UPC, Data Matrix,

Code 93)

1.Fonts that do not require

encoding. Self-checking fonts(Code 39, Codabar)
http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/http://idautomation.com/fonts/


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Code 39 Code 39 is an alphanumeric bar code.

Most Common coding for custom usage.

Decoded virtually by any barcode scanner.

Encodes 44 characters only. Each character is composed of nine elements: 5 bars and 4 spaces.

Three of nine elements are wide(binary value 1) and six elements are

narrow (binary value 0).

(*) is used at Start and End of the code as a delimiter.

No checksum required.

It is the standard bar code used by the United States Department of Defense

and the Health Industry Bar Code Council (HIBCC) and in the automotive

industry.


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Code 128 High density alphanumeric barcode.

Encode all 128 characters available in

ASCII format. Have a mandatory check character which maximizes data integrity.

Uses least amount of space for data of 6 characters or more of any 1-D

symbology.

The major drawback is the barcode must be printed by high-resolution

printer to be scanned correctly.

It is mainly used in logistics for ordering, distribution and transportation. All

in all it is geared towards non-POS products.


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UPC UPC-A

The UPC-A barcode uses 12 digits (including one check digit) and is the

most common and well-known barcode in the United States. It is used on

practically all consumer goods in stores, including food items, books,

magazines, and newspapers.

UPC-E

The UPC-E is a 6 digit-shorter version of UPC-A. This barcode is about

half the size of the UPC-A for the same product number. Only a subset of

the numbers that can be encoded with UPC-A can be encoded with UPC-E.

It is used on products with small packaging.


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EAN EAN-13 is a 13 character symbology and is based upon the UPC-A

standard.

First implemented by the International Article Numbering Association

(EAN) in Europe and is widely used internationally. EAN-13 is a superset of UPC-A. It uses 13 digits (including one check

digit) instead of the 12 digits (including one check digit) used by UPC-A.

EAN barcodes are used in Europe for consumer products like groceries,

DVDs, clothing and other items being scanned at the point of sale.


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PDF-417 Is a two-dimensional barcode which can store up to about 1,800 printable

ASCII characters or 1,100 binary characters per symbol.

The symbol is rectangular, it is also possible to break large amounts of datainto several PDF-417 symbols which are logically linked. There is no

theoretical limit on the amount of data that can be stored in a group of PDF-417 symbols.

The capacity of PDF-417 can be helpful in applications

where the data must travel with the labeled item,

where a host database is not always available for quick look-up.

PDF-417 is being used for hazardous materials labeling; storing technicalspecifications and calibration data on electronic instruments; encodingfingerprints and photographs on the backs of drivers' licenses.

Requires a 2-D scanner; or a standard CCD or laser scanner and specialdecoding software


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DataMatrix DataMatrix is a two-dimensional barcode which can store from 1 to about

2,000 characters.

The symbol is square and can range from 0.001 inch per side up to 14

inches per side DataMatrix symbols require a 2-D scanner;

they cannot be read using an ordinary

linear barcode scanner.

A number of scanners are on the market using both laser and CCD camera

technologies.

DataMatrix symbols can be printed using most professional-grade thermal

transfer label printers on the market.


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QR Code QR is the short form for Quick Response is a "2D Matrix".

QR codes can hold up to 7,089 characters, both numeric and alphanumeric.

Can encode numeric only, alphanumeric, binary, kanji/kana.

The squares in the bottom left, top left, and top right corners are locator

patterns.

Used in a much broader context, aimed at mobile phone users (known as

mobile tagging).

The QR Code was developed in Japan by the

Nippondenso Company.

QR codes can be printed and stored on practically

any surface from rooftops to corn mazes to human skin.


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MaxiCode MaxiCode is a fixed-size code which holds up to 93 data characters.

The symbol is composed of a central bulls-eye locator and offset rows of

hexagonal elements; the overall dimensions of the symbol are

approximately 1.11 x 1.054 inches. Each element measures 0.035 x 0.041inches.

Created by United Parcel Service, the MaxiCode symbol was designed for

quick automated scanning of packages on high-speed conveyor lines

(special cameras can read a MaxiCode on a carton travelling at up to 500

feet per minute).

A 2-D scanner is required; MaxiCode cannot be read using an ordinary

linear barcode scanner.


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ComparisonLINEAR/1D 2DDATA

STORAGE Horizontal Only Horizontal And

Vertical data

CAPACITY Up To 20 Characters Up To Several

Thousands Characters

DATA INTEGRITY Data Loss When any

Area Of Barcode

Damaged

Data Remained Intact

Although Up To 20%

Damaged Area Of

Barcode


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READING BAR CODES Barcodes are read by scanners.

Illuminate a bar code with light and detect the reflective pattern of the bar

code.

The pattern is converted to an electrical high/low signal (reflective/non-reflective) signal and sent to a decoder for conversion to the appropriate

letters, numbers and/or characters.

There are several forms of bar code scanner

Pencil Wand

Charged Couple Device

Laser Scanner


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BAR CODE DECODER The decoder accepts the hi/low signals from the scanner and compares them

to known bar code patterns.

Converts the bar code patterns to numbers, letters and/or special charactersdepending on the bar code symbology. Decoders can be built into the actual

scanner, into a wedge (device that is placed between the scanner and the

computer), or directly in to a computer.


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Interfaces A decoder can interface (connect) via RS232 port, keyboard port, or custom

port

RS232 - Require software drivers allowing the computer to understand thesignal coming from the decoder.

Keyboard Wedge - Easy to install and require no additional software.

When the decoder is attached to the keyboard and keyboard port, the

computer receives the data as if it were typed in via the keyboard. Custom

Port

Custom interfaces that are designed specifically for bar codescanners and have the decoder built right into the computer.


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Benefits Accuracy Of Data Input (Error Free)

Aid Effective Management Of Resources And Inventories

Labor Savings By Avoiding Manual System

Cost Efficient Real Time Data Collection

Measurement Of Work In Progress Throughout The Factory

Rapid Access To Total Production Costs

More Accurate Dispatch


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Applications RETAIL APPLICATIONS

Super markets

Counter-mounted Bar Code scanners

Universal Product Code (UPC)

Price and description information

WARE HOUSING

HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS

Drugs, devices, instruments

Identification of expiry date Blood banking

o Blood group

o Expiry date

o Donor traceability


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Drawbacks Pricing Issues

Damaged Labels

Upfront Cost

Training Printer Requirements


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Ways to Generate Barcodes in C#.net Add the below mentioned references to the project.

OnBarcode.Barcode.WinForms.dll or OnBarcode.Barcode.ASPNET.dll

Creating Linear Barcodes:

// Create linear barcode object

Linear barcode = newLinear();

// Set barcode symbology type to Code-39

barcode.Type = BarcodeType.CODE39;

// Set barcode data to encode

barcode.Data = "0123456789";

// Set barcode bar width (X dimension) in pixelbarcode.X = 1;

// Set barcode bar height (Y dimension) in pixel

barcode.Y = 60;

// Draw & print generated barcode to png image file

barcode.drawBarcode("C://csharp-code39.png");


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Ways to Generate Barcodes in C#.net

Way to print & encode barcodes to GIF, JPEG, PNG & BMP format by

using C#

// Create linear barcode object

Linear barcode = new Linear();// Set barcode symbology type to Code-39

barcode.Type = OnBarcode.Barcode.BarcodeType.CODE39;

// Set barcode data to encode

barcode.Data = "0123456789";

// Encode barcodes to other image format, by change file

extensionbarcode.Format =System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif;

barcode.drawBarcode("C://csharp-barcode-code39.gif");


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SUMMARY Bar code technology is proven to improve productivity,

increase data integrity while reducing costs resulting in a

significant impact on customer satisfaction.


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