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James Matthew Barrie (1860 - 1937)

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James Matthew Barrie was born in the Lowland village ofKirriemuir, in Forfashire. His father, David Barrie, was ahandloom weaver, and mother, Margaret Ogilvy, was thedaughter of a stonemason. The two had ten children;Barrie was the ninth. Jamie, as he was called, heard

tales of pirates from his mother, who read her childrenR.L. Stevenson's adventure stories in the evenings.When Barrie was seven, his brother David died in a

skating accident. David had been the mother's favorite child, and she fell into depression.Barrie tried to gain her affection by dressing up in the dead boy's clothes. The obsessiverelationship that grew between mother and son was to mark the whole of his life. After herdeath Barrie published in 1896 an adoring biography of his mother.

At the age of thirteen, Barrie left his home village. At school he became interested in theatreand devoured works by such authors as Jules Verne, Mayne Reid, and James FenimoreCooper. Barrie observed his classmates like an outsider; they were tall and interested in girls,while he remained small and apparently he never had a girl friend. Barrie studied at DumfriesAcademy at the University of Edinburgh, receiving his M.A. in 1882. After working as a

journalist for the Nottingham Journal, he moved in 1885 with empty pockets to London towork as a freelance writer. He sold his writings, mostly humorous, to fashionable magazine,such as The Pall Mall Gazette. In his mystery novel, Better Dead(1888), Barrie made jokes ofwell-known people. Barrie knew such great figures of literature as G.B. Shaw, who did not likehis pipe smoking, and H.G. Wells, and could surprise them both with his remarks. Once hesaid to Wells: "It is all very well to be able to write books, but can you waggle your ears?"When a friend noticed that he ordered Brussels sprouts every day, he explained: "I cannotresists ordering them. The words are so lovely to say." With his friends Jerome K. Jerome,Arthur Conan Doyle, P.G. Wodehouse and others, Barrie founded a cricket club, calledAllahakbarries. Doyle was the only member who could actually play cricket. During World WarI, Barrie made a western film with his literary friends, starring Shaw, William Archer, G.K.Chesterton, etc.

In 1888 Barrie gained his first fame withAuld Licht Idylls, sketches of Scottish life. Criticspraised its originality. His melodramatic novel, The Little Minister(1891), became a hugesuccess. After its dramatization, Barrie wrote mostly for the theater. In 1894 he married MaryAnsell, who had appeared in his play Walker, London. According to Janet Dunbar's biography(1970), Barrie was impotent. "Boys can't love," was Barrie's explanation to her.

"It's sort of bloom on a woman. If you have it, you don't need to have anything else, and if youdon't have it, it doesn't much matter what else you have. Some woman, the few, have charmfor all; and most have charm for one. But some have charm for none." (from What EveryWoman Knows, 1908)

The Little Ministerwas a popular stage production in 1897 both in England and in the Unites

States, where Barrie began his collaboration with the impresario Charles Frohman and hisstar, Maude Adams. Two of Barrie's best plays, Quality Street, about two sisters who start aschool "for genteel children", and The Admirable Crichton, in which a butler saves a family

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after a shipwreck, were produced in London in 1902, and later filmed. In the same year, thecharacter of Peter Pan appeared by name in Barrie's adult novel The Little White Bird. It wasa first-person narrative about a wealthy bachelor clubman's attachment to a little boy, David.Taking this boy for walks in Kensington Gardens, the narrator tells him of Peter Pan, who canbe found in the Gardens at night. Peter Pan was produced for the stage in 1904, but the playhad to wait several years for a definitive printed version, and it did not appear as a narrative

story until 1911. The book was titled Peter and Wendy. In the novel's epilogue, Peter visits agrown-up Wendy.

"Every time a child says 'I don't believe in fairies' there is a little fairy somewhere that fallsdown dead." (from Peter Pan)

Peter Pan evolved gradually from the stories that Barrie told to Sylvia Llewelyn Davies's fiveyoung sons. She was the daughter of the novelist George du Maurier, and a motherly figure,with whom Barrie formed a long friendship. Arthur, her husband, was not happy about Barrie'sinvasion of the family. In 1909 Mary Barrie began an affair with the writer Gilbert Cannan, andBarrie's marriage ended. When Sylvia Llwelyn Davies and her husband died, Barrie was theunofficial guardian of their sons, but in reality he was perhaps more a sixth child than anadoptive father. George, one of the sons, died in World War I. Michael drowned himself withhis boy friend in Oxford. Michael's death was a deep blow to Barrie. Peter, who became apublisher, committed suicide in 1960.

Peter Pan was first performed at the Duke of York's Theatre, London, in 1904. "All children,except one, grow up. They soon know that they will grow up, and the way Wendy knew this."The story begins in the Bloomsbury flat of the Darlings, which is visited by Peter Pan. He is aboy who has run away from his home to avoid growing up. Like his attendant fairy, TinkerBell, he can fly and teaches the skill to the three Darling children. Wendy Darling, along withher brothers, accompanies Peter Pan to Never Land where he lives with the Lost Boys,protected by a tribe of Red Indians. Wendy becomes mother to the boys. When Peter isaway, she is captured with all her 'family' by the pirate, Captain Hook. They are saved fromthe walk on the plank by Peter's bravery. Hook is eaten by his nemesis, the crocodile that had

swallowed a ticking clock. Peter takes Wendy and her brothers back home but he declines anoffer of adoption from Mrs. Darling. Wendy promises visit him every year to do the springcleaning.

Barrie himself was considered by Freudians a suitable target for analysis. Peter Pan has alsobeen seen as an Oedipal tale. Barrie himself had stopped growing when he reached five feetin height. He suffered from migraines and rarely smiled. Wendy, Peter's girl friend, borrowedher name from Barrie - it was his nickname. W.E. Henley's daughter Margaret called Barrie'Friendly-Wendy.' The portrait of Wendy owes much to Barrie's mother, an orphaned "littlemother" who had to raise her younger brother.

Barrie wrote two more fantasy plays. Dear Brutus (1917) described a group of people whoenter a magic wood where they are transformed into the people they might have become had

they made different choices. Mary Rose (1920) was a story of a mother who is searching forher lost child. Eventually she becomes a ghost. What Every Woman Knows (1908) portrayeda determined woman, Maggie, whose husband eventually realizes that he owes his successto her.

In 1913 Barrie became a baronet. In 1922 he received the Order of Merit. Barrie's penthouseat Adelphi Terrace was visited by ministers, duchesses, movie stars, and a number ofadmirers, whom he occasionally helped with money or advice. Even at his old age, Barriecould enthusiastically play Captain Hook and Peter Pan with the son of his secretary, LadyCynthia Asquith. Barrie was elected lord rector of St. Andrew's University and in 1930chancellor of Edinburgh University. Barrie died on June 3, 1937.

J. M. Barrie (1860-1937) - in full SirJames Matthew, Baronet Barrie

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TimeSearchfor Books andWritersby BamberGascoigne

Scottish journalist, playwright and children's book

writer. Barrie became world famous with his play

and story about PETER PAN (1904), the boy who

lived in Never Land, had a war with CaptainHook, and would not grow up. The first name of

Peter Pan was almost certainly taken from Peter

Llewellyn Davies (1897-1960), one of the several

Davies brothers that Barrie knew.

"When the first baby laughed for the first time, the

laugh broke into a thousand pieces and they all went

skipping about, and that was the beginning of fairies."

(fromPeter Pan)

James Matthew Barrie was born in the Lowlandvillage of Kirriemuir, in Forfarshire (now Angus).

His father, David Barrie was a handloom weaver,

and mother, Margaret Ogilvy, the daughter of a

stonemason. They had ten children, and Barrie

was the ninth. Jamie, as he was called, heard tales

of pirates from his mother, who read her children

adventure stories in the evenings. Before her

marriage Margaret Ogilvy belonged to a religious

sect called the Auld Lichts, or Old Lights, and

many the stories concerning it inspired later

Barrie's work. His father Barrie seldom mentionsin his autobiographical works.

When Barrie was seven, his brother David died in

a skating accident. David had been the mother's

favorite child, and she fell into depression. Barrie

tried to gain her affection by dressing up in the

dead boy's clothes. The obsessive relationship that

grew between mother and son was to mark the

whole of his life. After her death Barrie published

in 1896 an adoring biography on her.

At the age of 13, Barrie left his home village. At

school he became interested in theatre and

devoured works by such authors asJules Verne,

Mayne Reid, and James Fenimore Cooper. His

classmates Barrie observed like an outsider, they

were tall, interested in girls, while he remained

small and apparently never had a girlfriend. Barrie

studied at Dumfries Academy at the University of

Edinburgh, receiving his M.A. in 1882. After

working as a journalist for theNottinghamJournal, he moved in 1885 with empty pockets to

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London as a freelance writer. He sold his writings,

mostly humorous, to fashionable magazine, such

as The Pall Mall Gazette. In his mystery novel,

BETTER DEAD (1888), Barrie made jokes of

well-known people. Barrie knew such greatfigures of literature as G.B. Shaw, who did not

like his pipe smoking, andH.G. Wells, and could

surprise them with his remarks. Once he said to

Wells: "It is all very well to be able to write

books, but can you waggle your ears?" When a

friend noticed that he ordered Brussels sprouts

every day, he explained: "I cannot resists ordering

them. The words are so lovely to say." With his

friends, Jerome K. Jerome, Arthur Conan Doyle,

P.G. Wodehouseand others, Barrie founded a

cricket club, called Allahakbarries. Doyle was the

only member who could actually play cricket.

During World War I Barrie made a western film

with his literary friends, starring Shaw, William

Archer, G.K. Chesterton, etc.

In 1888 Barie gained his first fame with AULD

LICHT IDYLLS, sketches of Scottish life. Critics

praised its originality. His melodramatic novel,

THE LITTLE MINISTER (1891), became a huge

success, and was filmed later three times. After itsdramatization Barrie wrote mostly for the theater.

In 1894 he married Mary Ansell, who had

appeared in his play WALKER, LONDON.

According to Janet Dunbar's biography (1970),

Barrie was impotent. "Boys can't love", was

Barrie's explanation to her.

The Little Ministerwas a popular stage productionin 1897 both in England and in the Unites States,

where Barrie began his collaboration with the

impresario Charles Frohman and his star MaudeAdams. Two of Barrie's best plays, QUALITY

STREET, about two sisters who start a school "for

genteel children", and THE ADMIRABLE

CRICHTON, in which a butler saves a family

after a shipwreck, were produced in London in

1902, and also later filmed. In the same year,

Peter Pan appeared by name in Barrie's adult

novel THE LITTLE WHITE BIRD. It was a first-

person narrative about a wealthy bachelor

clubman's attachment to a little boy, David.

Taking this boy for walks in Kensington Gardens,the narrator tells him of Peter Pan, who can be

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found in the Gardens at night. Peter Pan was

produced for the stage in 1904 but the play had to

wait several years for a definitive printed version

and it did not appear as a narrative story until

1911. The book was titled PETER ANDWENDY. In the novel's epilogue Peter visits a

grown-up Wendy.

"Every time a child says 'I don't believe in fairies' there

is a little fairy somewhere that falls down dead." (from

Peter Pan)

Peter Pan evolved gradually from the stories that

Barrie told to Sylvia Llewelyn Davies's five

young sons. She was the daughter of the novelist

George du Maurier, and a motherly figure, withwhom Barrie formed a long friendship. Arthur,

her husband, was not happy about Barrie's

invasion of the family. In 1909 Mary Barrie began

an affair with the writer Gilbert Cannan and

Barrie's marriage ended. When Sylvia Llwelyn

Davies and her husband died, Barrie was the

unofficial guardian of their sons, but in reality he

was perhaps more a sixth child than an adoptive

father. George, one of the sons, died in World

War I, Michael drowned himself with his boy

friend in Oxford. Michael's death was a deep blowto Barrie. Peter, who became a publisher,

committed suicide in 1960.

Peter Pan was first performed at the Duke ofYork's Theatre, London, in 1904. The fantastic

world of Peter Pan had previously been presented

in Barrie's The Little White Bird(1902). "All

children, except one, grow up. They soon know

that they will grow up, and the way Wendy knew

this." The story begins in the Bloomsbury flat of

the Darlings, which is visited by Peter Pan. He is

a boy who has run away from his home to avoid

growing up. Like his attendant fairy Tinker Bell,

he can fly and teaches the skill to the three

Darling children. Wendy Darling with her

brothers accompany Peter Pan to Never Land

where he lives with the Lost Boys, protected by a

tribe of Red Indians. Wendy becomes mother to

the boys. When Peter is away, she is captured

with all her 'family' by the pirate Captain Hook.

They are saved from the walk on the plank byPeter's bravery. Hook is eaten by his nemesis, the

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crocodile who had swallowed a ticking clock.

Peter takes Wendy and her brothers back home

but he declines an offer of adoption from Mrs.

Darling. Wendy promises visit him every year to

do the spring cleaning. - Barrie himself wasconsidered by Freudians a suitable target for

analysis. Peter Pan has also been seen as an

Oedipal tale. Barrie himself had stopped growing

when he reached five feet in height, he suffered

from migraines and rarely smiled. Wendy, Peter's

girl friend, borrowed her name from Barrie - it

was his nickname. W.E. Henley's daughter

Margaret called Barrie Friendly-Wendy. The

portrait of Wendy owes much to Barrie's mother,

and orphaned "little mother" who had to raise her

younger brother.

Barrie wrote two more fantasy plays. DEAR

BRUTUS (1917) described a group of people who

enter a magic wood where they are transformed

into the people they might have become had they

made different choices. MARY ROSE (1920) was

a story of a mother, who is searching for her lost

child. Eventually she becomes a ghost. WHAT

EVERY WOMAN KNOWS (1908) portrayed a

determined woman, Maggie, whose husbandeventually realizes that he owes his success to her.

"It's sort of bloom on a woman. If you have it, you

don't need to have anything else, and if you don't

have it, it doesn't much matter what else you have.

Some woman, the few, have charm for all; and

most have charm for one. But some have charm

for none." (from What Every Woman Knows, 1908) In

1913 Barrie became a baronet and in 1922 he

received the Order of Merit. Barrie's penthouse at

Adelphi Terrace was visited by ministers,

duchesses, movie stars, such as Charlie Chaplin,and a number of admirers, whom he occasionally

helped with money or advice. Even at his old age,

Barrie could play enthusiastically Captain Hook

and Peter Pan with the son of his secretary, Lady

Cynthia Asquith. Barrie was elected lord rector of

St. Andrew's University and in 1930 chancellor of

Edinburgh University. Barrie died on June 3,

1937.

For further reading: Barrie: The Story of a Geniusby J.A.

Hammerton(1929); The Story of J.M.B. (Sir James Barrie)by Denis Mackail (1941);Fifty Years of Peter Panby R.L.

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Green (1954);Portrait of Barrie by Cynthia Asquith (1954);J.M. Barrieby R.L. Green (1961);J.M. Barrie: The Man

Behind the Image by Janet Dunbar (1970);J.M. Barrie and

the Lost Boysby Andrew Birkin (1979) The Case of PeterPan by J. Rose (1984);J.M. Barrie by Leone Ormond(1987); The Peter Pan Chroniclesby Bruce K.Hanson

(1993);J.M. Barrie: The Magic Behind Peter Panby SusanBivin Aller (1994);Peter Pan: The Story of Lost Childhood

by Kathleen Kelley-Laine (1997)

Selected works:

BANDOLERO, THE BANDIT,

1877 (play, prod. 1877)

CAUGHT NAPPING, 1883

(privately printed)

THE NEW AMPHION, 1886

AULD LICHT IDYLLS, 1888 BETTER DEAD, 1888

WHEN A MAN'S SINGLE, 1888

A WINDOW IN THE THRUMS,

1889

AN EDINBURGH ELEVEN, 1889

MY LADY NICOTINE, 1890

THE LITTLE MINISTER, 1891

IBSEN'S GHOST, 1891 (play,

prod. 1891, privately printed 1931)

RICHARD SAVAGE, 1891 (play,

with H.B. Marriot-Watson) A HOLIDAY IN BED / LIFE IN

A COUNTRY MANSE, 1982

WALKER, LONDON, 1892 (play,

prod. 1892)

PROFESSOR'S LOVE STORY,

1892 (play, prod. 1892)

TILLYLOSS SCANDAL, 1883

TWO OF THEM, 1893

BECKY SHARP, 1893 (adaptation

of the novel Vanity Fair by W.M.

Thackeray)

AN AULD LICHT MANSE, 1893

SCOTLAND'S LAMENT, 1895

(privately printed)

JANE ANNIE, 1893 (with A.

Conan Doyle)

MARGARET OGILVY, 1896

TOMMY AND GRIZEL, 1896

SENTIMENTAL TOMMY: THE

STORY OF HIS BOYHOOD, 1896 (film

adapatation 1921) A PLATONIC FRIENDSHIP,

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1898 (play, prod. in London 1898)

THE WEDDING GUEST, 1900

QUALITY STREET, 1902 (film

adaptations: 1927, dir. by Sidney Franklin,

starring Marion Davies and Conrad Nagel;

1937, dir. by George Stevens, starringKatherine Hepburn, Franchot Tone, Fay

Bainter, Eric Blore)

THE LITTLE WHITE BIRD, 1902

(note: Peter Pan appeared first time)

THE ADMIRABLE CRICHTON,

1902 (play, prod. in London 1902, film

adaptations: 1918, and 1957, dir. by Lewis

Gilbert, starring Kenneth More, Diane

Cilento, Cecil Parker)

PETER PAN: OR THE BOY

WHO WOULD NOT GROW UP, 1904

(play) - films: first movie version in 1924;

Disney's animated movie in 1954; TV

movie in 1976; Steven Spielberg's Hook in

1991, starring Dante Basco, Caroline

Goodall, Dustin Hoffman, Bob Hoskins,

Julia Roberts, Maggie Smith, Robin

Williams; Peter Pan (2003), dir. by P.J.

Hogan, starring Jeremy Sumpter, Jason

Isaacs, Rachel Hurd-Wood, Ludvine

Sagnier PANTALOON, 1905 (play, prod.

in London and New York 1905)

ALICE SIT-BY-THE-FIRE, 1905

(play, prod. in London and New York

1905)

JOSEPHINE, 1906 (play)

PUNCH, 1906 (play)

PETER PAN IN KENSINGTON

GARDENS, 1906 - Peter Pan

Kensingtonin puistossa (suom. Mikko

Vuorinen) WALKER, LONDON, 1907

WHAT EVERY WOMAN

KNOWS, 1908 (play)

WHEN WENDY GREW UP: AN

AFTERTHOUGHT, 1908

OLD FRIENDS, 1910 (play)

A SLICE OF LIFE, 1910 (play)

THE TWELVE-POUND LOOK,

1910 (play)

PETER AND WENDY, 1911

(later published as Peter Pan and Wendy) -Pekka Poikanen (suom. Tyyni Haapanen-

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Tallgren) / Peter Pan (suom. Tyyni Tuulio;

Martta Eskelinen; Ilkka Rekiaro; Sari

Karhulahti)

ROSALIND, 1912 (play)

THE DRAMATIST GET WHAT

THEY WANT, 1912 (play) THE WILL, 1913 (play)

HALF AN HOUR, 1913 (play)

THE ADORED ONE, 1913 (play)

HALF HOURS, 1914 (play)

DER TAG, 1914 (play)

ROSY RAPTURE, THE PRIDE

OF THE BEAUTY CHORUS, 1915 (play)

THE FATAL TYPIST, 1915 (play)

THE NEW WORD, 1915 (play)

THE LITTLE MINISTER, 1915

(screenplay, film adaptations: 1915, 1921,

and 1934, dir. by Richard Wallace,

starring Catherine Hepburn, Joen Beal)

A KISS FOR CINDERELLA,

1916 (film adaptation 1925)

THE REAL THING AT LAST,

1916 (play, also screenplay)

IRENE VANBRUGH'S

PANTOMIME, 1916 (play)

SHAKESPEARE'S LEGACY,

1916 (play, privately printed) A KISS FOR CINDERELLA,

1916 (play)

DEAR BRUTUS, 1917

THE OLD LADY SHOWS HER

MEDALS, 1917 (play)

RECONSTRUCTING THE

CRIME, 1917 (play)

DEAR BRUTUS, 1917 (play)

WHAT EVERY WOMAN

KNOWS, 1917 (film adaptations: 1917,

1921, and 1934, dir. by Gregory La Cava,starring Helena Hayes, Brian Aherne,

Madge Evans, Lucile Watson)

A WELL-REMEMBERED

VOICE, 1918 (play)

ECHOES OF THE WAR, 1918

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE

RUSSIAN DANCERS, 1920 (play)

MARY ROSE, 1920 (play)

SHALL WE JOIN THE LADIES,

1921 (play, with L.E. Jones)

NEIL AND TINTINNABULUM,1925 (play, privately printed)

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REPRESENTANTIVE PLAYS,

1926

BARBARA'S WEDDING, 1927

THE PLAYS OF J.M. BARRIE

(includes Peter Pan), 1928

FAREWELL, MISS JULIELOGAN: A WINTRY TALE, 1931 (a

Christmas supplement to the Times in

memory ofCharles Dickens's Christmas

Book)

THE BOY DAVID, 1936 (play)

Film adaptation: William

Shakespeare's As You Like It(script J.M.

Barrie and Robert Cullen, film 1936, dir.

by Paul Czinner, starring Elisabeth Berger,

Laurence Olivier, Sophie Stewart."Thereare far too many dull middle-length shots

from a fixed camera, so that we might just

as well be seated in the circle above the

deep wide stage at Drury Lane." Graham

Greene)

UNIFORM EDITION OF THE

WORKS AND PLAYS, 1913-1937

THE GREENWOOD HAT, 1937

THE BOY DAVID, 1938

M'CONNACHIE AND J.M.B.:

SPEECHES, 1938 LETTERS, 1942

THE PLAYS, 1942 (rev. 1947)

MARY ROSE, 1947

FIFTY YEARS OF PETER PAN,

1954

WHEN WENDY GREW UP, 1957

PLAYS AND STORIES, 1962

( )

)19371860( Sir James MathewBarrie

Kirriemuir .

Dumfries

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Dumfries Academy 1882.

Nottingham Journal

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Baronet1913 Lord Rector

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27 1904 .

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