Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the diagram below, which shows the Moon, Earth, and theSun’s rays as viewed from space. Letter A indicates a certain position of the Moon in its orbit.

A) B)

C) D)

1. Which diagram correctly shows the direction of Earth’s rotation and revolution?

A) B) C) D)

2. Which diagram represents the phase of the Moon, as seen by an observer on Earth, when the Moon islocated at position A in its orbit?

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on thediagram below, which shows Earth in orbit aroundthe Sun, and the Moon in orbit around Earth. M 1, M 2, M 3, and M 4 indicate positions of the Moon in its onLetter A indicates a location on Earth’s surface.

A) B)

C) D)

3. An observer at location A on Earth views the Moonwhen it is at position M 3. Which phase of the Moonwill the observer see?

A) The Moon expands in summer and contracts inwinter.

B) The Moon shows complete cycles of phasesthroughout the year.

C) The Moon’s period of rotation is equal to itsperiod of revolution.

D) The Moon’s distance from Earth varies in acyclic manner.

4. An observer at location A noticed that the apparentsize of the Moon varied slightly from month to monthwhen the Moon was at position M4 in its orbit. Whichstatement best explains this variation in the apparentsize of the Moon?

Base your answers to questions 5 through 8 on the diagram below, which shows the Moon at position1 in its orbit around Earth. Numbers 2 through 8 represent other positions in the Moon's orbit.

5. On the diagram below, shade the portion of the Moon that is in darkness as viewed from New YorkState when the Moon is at position 1.

6. Identify one numbered orbital position where the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Suncause Earth to experience the highest high tides.

____________7. A solar eclipse could occur when the Moon is located at which numbered position?

__________8. How many days does it take the Moon to go from one full-Moon phase to the next full-Moon phase

when viewed from Earth?

_____________ days

A) A B) B C) C D) D

9. Diagram 1 shows the Moon in its orbit at fourpositions labeled A, B, C, and D. Diagram 2 shows aphase of the Moon as viewed from New York State.

At which labeled Moon position would the phase ofthe Moon shown in diagram 2 be observed from NewYork State?

A) 1 and 5 B) 2 and 6C) 3 and 7 D) 4 and 8

10. The diagram below shows the Moon orbiting Earth,as viewed from space above Earth's North Pole. TheMoon is shown at eight positions in its orbit.

Spring ocean tides occur when the difference inheight between high tide and low tide is greatest. Atwhich two positions of the Moon will spring tidesoccur on Earth?

11. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The diagram represents the Moon at different positions, labeled A, B, C, and D, in its orbitaround Earth.

A) B) C) D)

During which Moon phase could an observer on Earth see a lunar eclipse occur?

Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents the Moon ineight positions, A through H, in its orbit around Earth.

A) 2.2 d B) 27.3 d C) 29.5 d D) 365.26 d

12. How many days are required for the Moon to complete a cycle of phases from the new Moon positionrepresented in the diagram to the new Moon the following month?

A) B)

C) D)

13. Which Moon phase is observed in New York State when the Moon is located at position F?

Base your answers to questions 14 through 16 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earthscience. The diagram represents eight numbered positions of the Moon in its orbit around Earth.

A) B) C) D)

14. Which phase of the Moon will be observed in New York State when the Moon is at position 8?

A) 1 B) 5 C) 3 D) 7

15. A solar eclipse might be observed from Earth when the Moon is at which position?

A) the Moon’s rotation and Earth’s rotationB) the Moon’s revolution and Earth’s rotationC) the Moon’s rotation and the Sun’s rotationD) the Moon’s revolution and the Sun’s rotation

16. Which two motions cause the Moon to show a complete cycle of phases each month when viewedfrom New York State?

Base your answers to questions 17 and 18 on the diagram below, which has lettered arrows showingthe motions of Earth and the Moon.

A) A and B B) B and C C) C and D D) A and D

17. Which two motions are completed in about the same amount of time?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

18. Which lettered arrow represents the motion that causes the Moon to show phases when view fromEarth

Base your answers to questions 19 through 21 on the calendar below, which shows the month of July of a recent year. The dates of major Moon phases,as seen in New York State, are shown.

The diagram below represents the phase of the Moon observed from New York State one night duringthe month of July.

A) July 4 B) July 11 C) July 19 D) July 26

19. On which date was this phase of the Moon visible from New York State?

A) The Sun is composed mostly of gases.B) The Sun's gravity influences more planets.C) The Moon has a greater mass.D) The Moon is much closer to Earth.

20. Why does the Moon's gravity have a greater effect on Earth's ocean tides than the Sun's gravity?

A) August 6 B) August 10 C) August 16 D) August 22

21. On which date will the next first-quarter Moon phase occur?

A) B)

C) D)

22. Which diagram sequence correctly shows the order of Moon phases, as viewed from Earth, for aperiod of 1 month? [Note that some phases have been omitted.]

A) day B) weekC) month D) year

23. One complete cycle of the phases of the Moon takesapproximately one

A) B)C) D)

24. Which sequence of Moon phases could be observedfrom Earth during a 2-week period?

A) B) C) D)

25. The diagram below represents the Moon in its orbit,as viewed from above Earth's North Pole. Position 1represents a specific location of the Moon in itsorbit.

Which phase of the Moon will be seen from Earthwhen the Moon is at position 1?

A)

B)

C)

D)

26. The diagram below shows the Moon at fourpositions in its orbit around Earth as viewed fromabove the North Pole. The date of one of the fourpositions has been labeled.

Which photograph shows the appearance of theMoon as viewed by an observer inNew York State on May 17, 2000?

Base your answers to questions 27 through 29 on the diagram below, which shows positions of theMoon in its orbit and phases of the Moon as viewed from New York State.

A) The Moon does not rotate as it revolves around Earth.B) The Moon's period of rotation equals Earth's period of rotation.C) The Moon's period of rotation equals Earth's period of revolution around the Sun.D) The Moon's period of rotation equals the Moon's period of revolution around Earth.

27. Which statement best explains why the same side of the Moon is viewed from Earth as the Moongoes through its phases?

A) new Moon B) first quarter C) full Moon D) last quarter

28. During which Moon phase might a solar eclipse be viewed on Earth?

A) 7 d B) 15 d C) 29.5 d D) 365.26 d

29. Approximately how many days occur between the Moon’s first-quarter phase and the Moon’slast-quarter phase?

A) 24 B) 27.3 C) 29.5 D) 365

30. How many days are required for the Moon to gofrom one full-Moon phase to the next full-Moonphase when viewed from Earth?

A) B) C) D)

31. The diagram below shows the Moon as it revolves around Earth. The numbered locations representdifferent positions of the Moon in its orbit.

Which Moon phase would be seen by an observer in New York State when the Moon is at position2?

A) The Moon is closer to the Sun.B) The Moon is closer to Earth.C) The Moon, the Sun, and Earth are aligned.D) The Moon is in the same phase at both

locations.

32. The diagram below represents eight positions of theMoon in its orbit.

Why are high tides on Earth greatest when the Moonis in position A and in position E?

A) 1 day B) 1 weekC) 1 month D) 1 year

33. The time required for the Moon to show a completecycle of phases when viewed from Earth isapproximately

A) The Moon moves into the shadow of Earth.B) The Moon moves into the shadow of the Sun.C) The Sun moves into the shadow of Earth.D) The Sun moves into the shadow of the Moon.

34. The photographs below show the surface of the Moon as seen from Earth over an 80-minute periodduring a single night.

Which motion is responsible for this changing appearance of the Moon?

35. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows Earth and the Moonin relation to the Sun. Positions A, B, C, and D show the Moon at specific locations in its orbit. Point X is a location on Earth's surface.

A) B) C) D)

Which phase of the Moon would be observed on Earth when the Moon is at location A?

A) B) C) D)

36. The diagram below shows the Moon at one position in its orbit around Earth. Letter Xindicates thelocation of an observer in New York State.

Which phase of the Moon will the observer see when the Moon is at the position shown in its orbit?

Answer KeyMoon Phases

1. C2. A3. C4. D5.

6. 4 or 87. 88. 29 d to 30 d9. B10. A11. D12. C13. A14. C15. A16. B17. C18. D19. C20. D21. A22. B23. C24. C25. D26. B27. D28. A29. B

30. C31. B32. C33. C34. A35. A36. B