Basic Concepts Basic Concepts in in

Disaster ManagementDisaster Management

Dr. Qudsia HudaDr. Qudsia HudaEmergency Preparedness and Humanitarian ActionEmergency Preparedness and Humanitarian Action

WHO EMROWHO EMRO

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Why Basic Concepts Important?Why Basic Concepts Important?

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Definition vs ConceptsDefinition vs Concepts

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Being defined vs

an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its

characteristics

GlobalizationGlobalization

Webster Dictionary Webster Dictionary

1931 Globe, Global 1931 Globe, Global 1951 Globalization 1951 Globalization

the state of being globalizedthe state of being globalized

the development of an increasingly integrated the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free global economy marked especially by free

trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor marketscheaper foreign labor markets

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Princess Diana’s DeathPrincess Diana’s Death

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

An English princess with an Egyptian boyfriend An English princess with an Egyptian boyfriend crashes in a French tunnel, riding in a German car with crashes in a French tunnel, riding in a German car with

a Dutch engine, driven by a Belgian who was drunk a Dutch engine, driven by a Belgian who was drunk on Scottish whisky, followed closely by Italian on Scottish whisky, followed closely by Italian

Paparazzi, on Japanese motorcycles, treated by an Paparazzi, on Japanese motorcycles, treated by an American doctor, using Brazilian medicines. American doctor, using Brazilian medicines.

This is sent to you by a Candian, using American Bill Gates' This is sent to you by a Candian, using American Bill Gates' technology, and you're probably reading this on your computer, technology, and you're probably reading this on your computer, that uses Taiwanese chips, and a Korean monitor, assembled by that uses Taiwanese chips, and a Korean monitor, assembled by Bangladeshi workers in a Singapore plant, transported by Indian Bangladeshi workers in a Singapore plant, transported by Indian

truck drivers, hijacked by Indonesians, unloaded by Sicilian truck drivers, hijacked by Indonesians, unloaded by Sicilian longshoremen, and trucked to you by Mexican illegals.....longshoremen, and trucked to you by Mexican illegals.....

That, my friend, is Globalization !That, my friend, is Globalization !

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

A sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action

Is any actual crisis affecting

public health and safety that needs immediate attention.

EmergencyHealth

I can’t find my mobile phoneMy son hasn’t come home from

schoolA man is having a heart attackA plane has crashedGas is leaking from a factoryCholera outbreak in Haiti An earthquake in ChinaEarthquake in New Zealand Tsunami in Japan (??)

Examples

find and rescue victimsevacuate victims to safe placeprovide first aid and medical

transporttreat the injuredprovide shelter, sanitation, food and

watercare for the dead and manage the

missingestablish securityre-establish the lifelines (water,

power, phone)plan and pay for recovery and

reconstruction

China Earthquake

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

An act that has disastrous consequences.

Disaster

Examples Examples

Bam earthquake Indian ocean tsunamiSouth Asian

earthquakeConflict in Gaza Flood is Pakistan Earthquake in Haiti

All disasters are emergencies but

not all emergencies are disasters

A humanitarian crisis in a country, region or society where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from internal or external conflict and which requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of any single agency and/ or the ongoing United Nations country program

Complex Emergency

extensive violence and loss of life;

massive displacements of people;

widespread damage to societies and economies

the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance  

the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints  

significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas

Complex Emergency

Sudan Somalia Some countries in Sub Saharan AfricaAfghanistan …….

Complex Emergency

A source of danger

A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Hazard

EarthquakesFloodsCyclones Tsunami VolcanoesCivil unrestChemicals

Drought

Famine

Conflict

Epidemic

Pandemic

Wildfire

Road Traffic Accident

Examples

Types of HazardsTypes of Hazards

Man Made NaturalHydrologicalTechnological Chemical Biological

consists of 5 elements

the people their property their services their livelihoods their environment

CommunityA community is best defined as a group of people who, regardless of the diversity of their backgrounds, have been able to accept and transcend their differences, enabling them to communicate effectively and openly and to work together toward goals identified as being for their common good.

Why community is important?Why community is important?

‘First Responder’

Interaction with HazardHave weakness to suffer

Have strength to withstand

The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences.

the potential consequences of exposure to a hazard

Risks

dead and missing; injury (mental and physical); disease (mental and physical); secondary hazards (fire, disease etc.); contamination; displacement; breakdown in security; damage to infrastructure; breakdown in essential services. loss of property; loss of income …

Examples

The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard exposing to risks.

Vulnerabilities

Access to health careMeasles vaccination low coverage

rateLack of access to safe waterLack of access to sanitationUnsafe infrastructure Poverty Illiteracy Unskilled health workforce Environmental degradation

Examples

The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals.

Ability of coping and responding to reduce loss

Capacities

Capacities

Training Guidelines Plan Policy PartnershipResources Risk MapsAssessments NCPHEM

The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions.

Preparedness

Process of building capacity

Response

The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.

Recovery

Building Back Better

The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Early Warning System

Exercise!! Exercise!!

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

Thank youThank you

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman