BASIC ENGLISH STRUCTURE

LESSON 1

LESSON 2

LESSON 3

Nama : Riantika WulandariNIM : 1201065209

Lesson 1

A. Be : am, are, is

Statements and question : It is green. Is it green ?

Contractions : It’s green. It isn’t green.

Short answers : Yes, it is.

B. Singular and plural noun phrases.

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A.1 Notice the position of is in statements and questions.

The book is green

The book green.

Is the book green.

is

STATEMENT :

QUESTION :

STATEMENTS :NOUN BE ADJECTIVEPHRASE

QUESTIONS :BE NOUN ADJECTIVE PHRASE

The bookThe table

John

IsIsIs

Green.Heavy.Happy.

IsIsIs

The bookThe table

john

Green ?Heavy ?Happy ?

comment

Use the question word order when you make question to be answered with yes or no. Don’t make questions with the statement word order; such questions are used only in special situations.

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A.2 Notice the correlation of am, are, and is with the subject noun phrase :

NOUNPHRSE BE

NOUN PHRASE(PRONOUN) BE

Sg.12333

Pl.11233

JohnMaryThe book

IsIsIs

Happy.Happy.Green.

You and IJohn and I

You and JohnMary and Adi

The books

AreAreAreAreAre

Happy.Happy.Happy.Happy.Green.

IYouHeSheIt

amareisisis

Happy.Happy.Happy.Happy.Green.

WeWeYou

TheyThey

areareareareare

Happy.Happy.Happy.Happy.Happy.

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A.3 Observe the patterns with be.

NOUN PHRASE BE ADJECTIVE PHRASE

The bookJohn He

isisis

green.twenty years old.

hungry.

NOUN PHRASE BE NOUN PHRASE

Mr. AllenMary

isis

a lawyer.a student.

NOUN PHRASE BE ADVERBIAL

MarySheShe

isisis

from mexico.in class.

in the room.

comments

Be is used in all these patterns. (some other adjectives which are used with be are thirsty, right, wrong, warm, cold tired, and sleepy. We do not

use the verb have in this pattern.)back next

A.4 Notice the use of a short answer.

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER

Is john busy ? Yes, he is.

COMMENT

Yes, he is means ‘Yes, john is busy’ or ‘Yes,he’s busy’

AFFIRMATIVE SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, I am.Yes, you are.

Yes, he is.Yes, she is.Yes, it is.

Yes, we are.Yes, you are.Yes, they are.COMMENT

Be is not contracted when it is the last word in

a sentencenextback

A.5 Notice the negative short answers.

QUESTION SHORT ANSWER

Is the book blue ? No, it isn’t.

NEGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS

No, I’m not.No, you aren’t.No, he isn’t.No, she isn’t.No, it isn’t.

No, we aren’t.No, you aren’t.No, they aren’t.

COMMENTS

I’m not is the contraction of I am not.Isn’t is the contraction of is not.Aren’t is the contraction of are not.

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Lesson 2

A.Simple present tense with verbs other than be.

Statement : He works.

Question with do, does : Does he works ?

Short answers : Yes, he does.

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A.1 Notice the use of does in questions.

Previous pattern

STATEMENT :

QUESTION:

The book is green.

The book green.Is the book green ?

is

New pattern.

STATEMENT :

QUESTION :

John works in the morning.

John work in the morning.Does John work in the morning ?

s

COMMENTUse the questionpattern when you make question to be answered with yes or no.don’t make question with the statementword order;

such questions are used only in special situations.back next

A.2 Compare the use of does and do in questions.

STATEMENT :

QUESTION :

STATEMENT :

QUESTION :

He works in the morning.

Does he workin the morning ?

They work every day.

Do they work every day ?

COMMENTSDo and Does are used to make questions. Use does for the

third person singular, do for the other persons.

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A.4 Notice the use of affirmative short answers.

Previous pattern (lesson 1):

QUESTION: Is John busy ?SHORT ANSWER : Yes, he is.

New pattern:

QUESTION : Does John like coffee?SHORT ANSWER : Yes, he does.

QUESTION : Do Mr. and Mrs.Allen like tea ?SHORT ANSWER : Yes. They do.

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Lesson 3

A.wh-question : who, what, where, when.

B.Present progressive : He is writing.

C.Using adjectives and nouns to modify nouns: small class, grammar class.

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A.1 Compare the word order of yes/no questions and wh-questions

STATEMENT:YES/NO QUESTIONS:

Wh-QUESTION:

John likes coffee.Does John like coffee ?

Does John like coffee? What does John like?

what

COMMENTS

(1) wh-qustion of this type begin with a question word, such as who, what , when, or where. The rest of the word-order pattern is the same as in yes/no questions: do, does, or some other auxilary is placedbefore the subject.

(2) Who subtitutes for noun phrase which refers to a person. What subtitutes for noun phrase which refers to a thing. When subtitutes for noun phrase which refers to a time. Where subtitutes for noun phrase which refers to a place.

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A.2 Observe the word order of questions with the verb be.

STATEMENT : YES/NO QUESTION :

WH-QUESTION:

John is in class.Is John in class?

Is John in class ?Where is john ?

where

COMMENT(1) The wh-word which replaces a part of the

predicate phrase is put at thebegining of the question.

(2) The rest of the pattern is the same as for yes/no questions: the form of be ( am, are, is, was, or were) is placed before the subject. nextback

A.3 Notice the use of the expression do what.

STATEMENT :YES/NO QUESTION:

New pattern :

John studies English every day.Does John study English every day?

Do What does John do every day

what

COMMENTSDo what is asubtitutes for the verb and any other essential parts of the verb phrase. In the example,do what corresponds to the verb phrase study Englishback

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