english structure
DESCRIPTION
English Structure, LinguisticsTRANSCRIPT
English Structure
Table of Contents
WORDS
PrefixSuffix
Synonyms
Antonyms
Homonyms
PARTS OF SPEECH
Nouns
AdjectivesAdverb
Verbs
Preposition
Conjunctions
Interjection
Adjectival Phrase
PHRASES
Adverbial PhraseParticiple
Participial Phrase
Gerunds
Gerundial Phrase
Infinitive
Infinitive Phrase
CLAUSES
Main Clause
Subordinate Clause
Kinds of Subordinate
Clause
Adjective Clause
Noun Clause
Adverb ClauseAppositive Phrase
Clause
WORDSPrefix
Suffix
Synonyms
Antonyms
Homonyms
Prefix is a word-part added at the beginning of a word.
When a prefix is added to a word, it changes the meaning of the word. It creates a new word.
Examples:
il - legal = illegal
un - able = unable
pre - heat = preheat
super - power = superpower
ir - reversible = irreversible
auto - mobile = automobile
Suffix is a word added at the end of a word. Like a
prefix, the suffix changes the meaning of a word.Examples:
child - ish = childish
love - able = lovable
religion - ious = religious
tardy - ness = tardiness
beauty - ful = beautiful
care - less = careless
hazard - ous = hazardous
Synonyms are words that are similar in meaning
Examples:smart = clever
proud = flamboyant
courage = valor
mock = humiliate
null = void
afraid = scared
honest = truthful
funny = hillarious
Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning
Examples:smart = stupid
beautiful = ugly
victory = defeat
cheap = expensive
thrifty = lavish
expedite = derail
conserve = pollute
hot = cold
Homonyms are words that sound alike but have different
meanings and spellingsExamples:
new = knew
mad = mud
love = lab
dye = die
bad = bud
god = gad
ode = odd
knot = not
PARTS OF SPEECHNouns
Adjectives
AdverbVerbs
PrepositionConjunctionsInterjection
NounsClassification of Nouns
CommonProper
CollectiveConcreteAbstract
CountMass
Nouns is a subordinate clause which, like an adjective
modifies a noun or a pronoun. Classification of Nouns
is a noun in which does not name a particular person, place or thing. Common nouns are not capitalized.
Examples:boy, planet, tree, university, shoes, bag
Common Nouns
Proper Nouns is the name of a particular person, place or thing.
Examples:Pedro, Jupiter, Narra, Maria
Collective Noun is the name for a group of persons, animals or things.
Examples:Committee, flock, herd, team
Concrete Noun
Examples:beauty, love, kindness, justice
names an object which can be perceived by the senses.Examples:
chair, umbrella, phone, book
Abstract Noun names a quality, a characteristic or an idea.
Count Noun a noun that can be counted
Examples:persons, books, students, trees
Mass Noun a noun that cannot be counted
Examples:stars, sand, sugar, hair
AdjectivesClassification of Adjectives
Descriptive
Limiting
Proper
Demonstrative
Articles
Pronouns
Adjectives
Classification of Adjectives is a word used to modify or limit a noun or a pronoun.
adjectives that modify a noun or a pronoun in terms of size, shape, color, texture, smell, age, and physical appearance.
Descriptive
Limiting adjectives that refer to number or order cardinal
Examples: round, beautiful, tall, old
Examples:round, beautiful, tall, old
adjectives that are made from proper nounProper Adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives that are also used as a demonstrative pronoun.
Examples: round, beautiful, tall, old
Examples: that book, those chairs, this bag, these pencilsArticles
adjectives that precede a noun. a and an are indefinite articles and the is a definite article.
Examples: the book, a book, an apple, a dogPronouns
can also be used as adjectives.Examples: our teacher, my brother, his house, her family
AdverbClassificatoin of Adverbs according to meaning:
Adverb of Manner
Adverb of Time
Adverb of Place
Adverb of Degree
is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Classification of Adverbs according to meaning:Adverb of Manner
Examples:immediately, melodiously, here
Adverb
tells how the action was done and ends with suffix - ly.
Adverb of Time tells when the action indicated by the verb took place.
Examples:arrived late, came early
Adverb of Place
Examples:teaches here, walked out
tells the location indicated by the verb.
Adverb of Degree tells the amount of the adjective quality and the
verb action.Examples:
very tired, quite welvery tired, quite well
Classificatoin of Verbs according to meaning:
Verbs
Transitive
State of BeingKinds of Verbs according to use:
State of Action
Intransitive
Linking
is a word that expresses a state of action or a state of being. It is connected as the framework of the sentence
Classification of Verbs according to meaning:State of Action
Examples:run, read, talk, eat
Verbs
these are action verbs which include physical and mental acitons.
State of Being
Examples:appear, feel, remain, sound, grow
help describe the condition or state of some person or thing.
Kinds of Verbs according to Use:Transitive Verbs
Examples: The students left the car at the park.The guard picked the ball.
are verbs that need a direct object.
Intransitive Verbs
Examples: The dog run towards the man.
They went to the party.
are verbs that do not need a direct object. They likewise express state of action.
Linking Verbs verbs that link or copulate the subject to a word or words
Examples: The girl is dancing and singing.
Examples: about above across after againstalong amid among around atbefore below beneath besidebetweenbeyond but by concerningdown during except for in insidelike of off on over past since through throughout toward under tounto up upon withwithin without
is a word used to show the relation of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in the sentence.
Preposition
Kinds of Conjunctions
Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
Correlative Conjunctions
Subordinating Conjunctions
is a word which joins words and group of wordsKinds of ConjunctionsCoordinating Conjunctions
Examples:
Conjunction
Correlative Conjunctions
either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not…but also
Examples:and, but, or, nor
Subordinating ConjunctionsExamples: after, although, as, as much, as, because before,
how, in as much as, in order, that, provided than, though, till, unless, when
is a word which expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.
Interjection
Examples:Oh! What!
Hurrah! Alas!
Ouch! Aha!
Bravo! Ha!
Gosh! Damn!
Shocks! Gee!
Adjectival Phrase
PHRASESAdverbial Phrase
ParticipleParticipial Phrase
GerundsGerundial Phrase
InfinitiveInfinitive PhraseAppositive Phrase
Adjectival Phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies noun or
prounoun.Examples:
The gift from my friend was an inspirational book.
The bottom of the jar was dirty.
Adverbial Phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies verb or and
adjective or an adverb.
The dress was blue with a green lining.
My father arrives late in the evening.
Examples:
Participle is word which acts as both a verb and an adjective.
Participial Phrase is a group of related words containing a participle. It
acts as an adjective to modify a noun or a pronoun.
Frightened by the news, my brother turned off the tv.
Angered by his younger brother, Rudy turned off the light in the room.
Examples:
Gerunds are verbals that look like a verb because they end in-
ing but function as a noun.
Gerundial Phrase is a phrase containing a gerund. It functions as a
noun inside the sentence.
Jolina enjoys singing sentimental songs.Collecting stamps is her favourite past-time.
Examples:
Infinitive is a verbal consisting of the preposition to followed by
the verb. It is primarily used as a noun. But may also be used as an adjective or an adverb.
Infinitive Phrase is a phrase containing an infinitive. It functions
as a noun or a modifier inside the sentence.Examples:
I have an exciting news to tell to everybody.
Her new assignment is to watch the kids playing.
Appositive Phrase is a phrase which follows a noun or a pronoun and
means the same thing.
Mr. Garcia, our English teacher, left the room.
I received information from Anne, my secretary
Examples:
CLAUSESMain Clause
Subordinate Clause
Kinds of Subordinate ClauseAdjective Clause
Noun Clause
Adverb Clause
Clause
Clause is a group of words that contains a verb and its
subject and is used as a part of the sentence.Main Clause (Independent Clause)
a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence.
Examples: He just invented the story.
She needs a glass of water.Subordinate Clause (Dependent Clause)
a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence.
Examples: Since she did not attend her classes regularly,
The teacher almost caught Marlon.
Kinds of Subordinate ClauseAdjective Clause
is a subordinate clause which, like an adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:Cecille is the kind of person who never gets upset so easily.
Mrs. Nicadao showed pictures which were taken in Vigan.
Noun Clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun.
Examples:What the teacher said was not clear.
Your patience with me is what I need right now.
Adverb Clause is a subordinate clause which, like an adverb,
modifies a verb or an adjective or an adverb.Examples:
The athletes run because they were told to.
Karenina is as pretty as a girl can be.