basic toefl test with answer

LEVEL

Level 3

Linguam-TOEFL�

Series

Level 2

Linguab-TOEFL�

CompleteTOEFL

Grammar &Reading

Listening,Writing, &Vocabulary

Practice Test

*INSIDER(English Version)

StructureReview

ReadingReview

ListeningReview

185 Essay Topics

m-TOEFL LINK:Structure

e-TOEFL:Stucture e-TOEFL:

Listening<forthcoming>e-TOEFL:

Reading

m-TOEFL LINK:Reading

m-Listening

m-TOEFL LINK:Practice Test 1-4

for Beginners<forthcoming>

TOEFLVOCA 2004

*Test Book I(English Version)

*Test Book II(English Version)

*5CD-ROMs fromTest Book I(English Version)

Practice Test 1,Vol. 2

*Listening PracticeTest 1-4

(English Version)

Lingua TOEFL� Textbook and Practice Test Series – Level Chart

Level 5

LinguaTOEFL� CBT

Series

Level 4

Linguai-TOEFL�

Series

Level 1

Linguae-TOEFL�

Series

Pocket-book

Lingua TOEFL�

CBT: ConfusingWords

b-TOEFL: AComprehensiveGuide to TOEFL

for YoungLearners

i-TOEFL:Structure

i-TOEFL:Listening

i-TOEFL:Reading

Lingua TOEFL� CBT INSIDER

APPENDIXDiagnostic Test 2 &

Complete Practice Test 2

TOEFL� and TWE� are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service. This publication is not endorsed or approved by ETS.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST 2 (Simplified Version)

Listening: 15 Minutes (including listening time) Structure: 7 MinutesReading: 15 MinutesWriting: 30 Minutes

Suggested Total Time: 67 Minutes

6Diagnostic Test 2

Section 3: ReadingSection 1: Listening

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1011

12131415

Section 2: Structure

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1011

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ANSWER SHEET

Lingua TOEFL� CBT: InsiderDiagnostic Test 2

Copyright ⓒ 2004 by Lingua Forum, Inc. All rights reserved.

A B C D

A B C D

■■ Have you taken the official TOEFL Test?

■■ Educational background

SIGNED: _____________________________________________ DATE: ___________________ (SIGN YOUR NAME AS IF SIGNING A BUSINESS LETTER.) MO. DAY YEAR

Yes

middle/high school undergraduate graduate

No

CBT Score

Listening

Structure

Reading

Writing

TOTAL

PBT Score

Listening

Structure

Reading

Writing

TOTAL

if any

Name

Sex

E-mail address

Telephone No.

male female

Number of Correct Answers Times = Converted Score

Listening

Structure

Reading

Writing

Total Score Range

×× 6.67 =

×× 4.0 =

×× 9.1 =

(S1)

(S2)

(S3)

0 ~ 60Score 0 ~ Score 6 (Score Level)

Your expected score will be between (S1 + S2 + S3) and (S1 + S2 + S3 + 60).

( ) ~ ( )

Premium –

Deductible –

Limit –

Cut

her

e

7 Insider

Copyright ⓒ 2004 by Lingua Forum, Inc. All rights reserved.

ANSWER SHEET

Lingua TOEFL� CBT: InsiderDiagnostic Test 2

Cut

Paste

Undo

00 : 29 1 of 1

Read the topic below and then make any notes that will help you plan your response.Begin typing your response in the box at the bottom of the screen, or write your answer onthe answer sheet provided to you.

When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of thenew country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Whichdo you prefer? Support your answer with specific details.

8Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. Each conversation isfollowed by a question about it.

Each question in this part has four answer choices. Click on the best answer to eachquestion. Answer the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by thespeakers.

Click on the “Volume” icon below to check the sound level NOW. You will not be able toadjust the volume after you dismiss these directions.

When you are ready to continue, click on the “Dismiss Directions” icon.

QUESTION DIRECTIONS – PART A

S

SSEECCTTIIOONN 11LLIISSTTEENNIINNGG

Suggested Time: 15 Minutes (including listening time)

Whenfinishedreading

directionsclick on theicon below

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LISTENING

LISTENING DIRECTIONSThis section measures your ability to understand spoken English.

There are two parts in this section, with special directions for each part.

You have 8 minutes to answer all the questions. The time you spend listening to the testmaterial is not counted.

You can change the volume only before you start to answer the questions.

The listening material and questions about it will be presented only once. During anactual TOEFL test you may not take notes or have any paper at your computer.

After you have confirmed an answer, you cannot return to the question.


Whenfinishedreading


DismissDirections

Directions

Directions

00 : 08

00 : 07

9 Insider

1. What does the woman mean?

The class goes for two semesters.It was the best course she has ever taken.The course is already finished.She is not enjoying the class.

1 of 15

A

B

C

D

2. What is the woman assuming about the man?

He is getting paid for his work.He likes the job.He enjoys working with the professor.He does not need money.

2 of 15

A

B

C

D

3. What can be inferred about the man?

He is a political science major.He recently changed majors.He does not know how to program computers.He wants to find something more interesting tostudy.

3 of 15

A

B

C

D

4. What is the man saying about the exams?

He has an economics exam.He is thinking of changing courses.He does not want to write his exams.All three classes have exams on the same day.

4 of 15

A

B

C

D

Questions 1-6

10Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 25. Why does the man think Doug will not be quarterback?

His arm is not strong enough.Alex has more experience.He is not tall enough.The coaches do not like young players.

5 of 15

A

B

C

D

6. What is the man implying?

He will not go out with the woman and her friends.His grades are not really that good.He loves dancing.He has some free time this evening.

6 of 15

A

B

C

D

11 Insider

In Part B there are several talks and conversations. Each talk or conversation is followedby several questions.

The conversations and talks are about a variety of topics. You do not need specialknowledge of the topics to answer the questions correctly. you should answer eachquestion on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers.

Click on the “Volume” icon below to check the sound level NOW. You will not be able toadjust the volume after you dismiss these directions.


QUESTION DIRECTIONS – PART B

Whenfinishedreading


DismissDirections

Directions

SSEECCTTIIOONN 11LLIISSTTEENNIINNGG

12Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

Questions 7-9

Earth Science

Tidal Currents- Friction- Mixing

7 of 15

8 of 15

8. What is NOT one of the places the professor said the moon’stidal energy is dissipated as friction?

Click on the correct letter.

7. What is the main topic of this discussion?

The Earth’s oceans’ effect on the moonThe amount of energy in the tidesHow the tides workThe moon’s tidal forces’ effects on the Earth

A

B

C

D

13 Insider

Questions 10-13

9. Why are the recent discoveries about the moon’senergy significant?

To better predict weatherTo better understand the Earth’s climateTo better harness the oceans’ powerTo better control the moon

Click on 2 answers.

9 of 15

Business

Insurance Terms- Premium

- Deductible- Limit

10 of 15

10. What is the main topic of this lecture?

The science of riskHow insurance worksThe insurance industry in AmericaWhy people buy insurance

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

14Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

11 of 15

11. The professor described how insurance works. Match theinsurance term with its definition.

PremiumDeductible

Limit

Click on a term. Then click on the space where itbelongs. Use each term only once.

When theinsurance

coverage ends

Minimum lossbefore coverage

begins

Regular insurancepayment

12 of 15

12. According to the speaker, what are the benefits ofinsurance?

Encourages more economic transactionsCreates a source of incomeEliminates bank loans for businessesMakes life predictable and safe

Click on 2 answers.

13 of 15

13. What is NOT a risk factor mentioned by the professor?

Age of the policyholderHistory of the policyholderReason for purchasing insuranceCost of the insured item

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

15 Insider

14. What are the man and woman going to do?

Go on a trip to DisneylandMake some arts and craftsWait and make plansGo rafting on a river

14 of 15

A

B

C

D

15. What does the man NOT say about their trip?

It will be dangerous.Rafting will be good exercise.There will be sun and fresh air.There will be big rapids.

15 of 15

A

B

C

D

Questions 14-15

16Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2SSEECCTTIIOONN 22SSTTRRUUCCTTUURREE

Suggested Time: 7 Minutes

Whenfinishedreading


DismissDirections

In this section there are two types of test questions. In one type, you choose the word or phrase that best completes a sentence.

In the other type, you look at a sentence with four underlined words or phrases and choose theunderlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct.

You have 7 minutes to answer all of the questions. After you have confirmed an answer, you cannot return to the question.When you are ready to continue, click on the “Dismiss Directions” icon.

Example: ________________ of igneous rocks results from the two main features ofthese rocks – the size and the chemistry of their constituent crystals.

Most of the great varietiesGreat varietiesGreat variation whichThe great variety

Example: The tides caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun and

by the rotations of the earth, moon, and sun.

STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE DIRECTIONS

Directions00 : 07

17 Insider

1 of 10

Directions: Click on the one underlined word or phrase that must bechanged for the sentence to be correct.

1. The anesthesiology is an important member of any surgical

A B C

team engaged in performing a major operation.

D

00 : 06

2 of 10


2. All the membranes of a cell are very thin that their width can

A B C

be seen only under the extremely high magnification of the

D

electron microscope.

3 of 10


3. All alkali metals are silver-white, malleable, and enough soft

A B C

to cut with a knife.

D

18Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

4 of 10

Directions: Click on the one word or phrase that best completes thesentence.

4. When a person watches a motion picture, _________ is actually

observing a series of rapidly projected still pictures.

he

it

there

so

5 of 10


5. DNA molecules _________ freely about in our bodies; they are

located on structures called chromosomes found in the

nucleus of each cell.

not to float

without floating

do not float

neither float

6 of 10


6. Only a very few molecule of interferon seem to be required to

A B C

protect the surrounding cells from viral infection.

D

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

19 Insider

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

7 of 10


7. Most people believe that children are better than adults

_________ a second language.

attempt to learn

attempting to learn it

attempt and learn

when attempting to learn

8 of 10


8. The most conspicuous sensory organ of the arthropods is the

A

compound eye, which is a evolutionary development

B C

characteristic of this one phylum.

D

9 of 10


9. The giraffe is a plant eater, and _________ it can reach up to

the leaves of trees.

its great height

with its great height

is as high as

at the height of

20Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

10 of 10


10.Hawaii lies in the North Pacific some about 2,100 nautical

A B C

miles from North America.

D

21 Insider

SSEECCTTIIOONN 33RREEAADDIINNGG


In this section, you will read 1 passage. The passage is followed by 11 questions.

You have 15 minutes to read the passage and answer all the questions.

The clock will tell you how much time you have left to read the passage and answerall the questions in this section.

You should answer all questions about a passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage.


Whenfinishedreading


DismissDirections

READING

READING DIRECTIONS

Directions00: 15

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

22Diagnostic Test 2

Water exists on Earth in all three physical states: solid,liquid and gas. Water evaporated from the oceans spendsan average of 11 days in the atmosphere before it isreturned to the surface as precipitation. While water vapormay occupy only a small fraction of the atmosphere, itsinterplay with ocean water is fundamental in atmosphericprocesses. In addition, the special properties of water,especially its ability to assimilate heat, influenceatmospheric circulation patterns, climate, and our day-to-day weather.

When a substance is heated, its temperature usuallyrises. Because water has a tremendous capacity to absorbheat, its temperature rises slowly. One measure of heat isthe calorie, which is defined as the amount of heat requiredto raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Twentycalories of heat will therefore change the temperature of 1gram of liquid water by 20 degrees Celsius, or 20 grams ofwater by 1 degree Celsius. But for liquid water toevaporate, enough heat must be absorbed by the watermolecules on the ocean surface to allow them to overcomethe relatively strong attraction that each water moleculehas for its nearest neighbors. The absorption of this heatdoes not result in a temperature change because theenergy is used to overcome this attraction. It is thereforeknown as latent heat, where latent means “concealed” or“veiled.” It takes 540 calories of heat to overcome theattractive force between water molecules and convert 1gram of liquid water into water vapor.

When a threshold amount of energy is absorbed, thewater molecules behave independently and evaporate tobecome water vapor that enters the atmosphere. As they doso, they rise and cool, eventually converting back to aliquid state, in a form of clouds or fog. This process iscalled condensation during which the tremendous energyabsorbed during evaporation is released.

Whenfinished

reading thepassage

click on theicon below

Proceed

Text00 : 14

23 Insider

1. The main idea of this passage isabout

the composition andstructure of waterthe origin of water on Earththe interaction between airand waterthe ability of water toabsorb heat

2. Look at the word assimilate inthe passage. Click on the wordor phrase in the bold text that isclosest in meaning to assimilate.

3. Evaporated water returns in liquid form to earthin gas form to earthin solid form to earthin both liquid and gas formto earth

4. Which of the following is true?The interplay between airand water is dependent onvarious factors such asheat and wind currents.The interaction betweenwater and air is governedby water’s ability to absorbheat.The water evaporated fromthe ocean rarely returns toearth in liquid form.The interaction betweenwater and air hasunpredictable and variedresults.

Water exists on Earth in all three physical states:solid, liquid and gas. Water evaporated from the oceansspends an average of 11 days in the atmosphere beforeit is returned to the surface as precipitation. Whilewater vapor may occupy only a small fraction of theatmosphere, its interplay with ocean water isfundamental in atmospheric processes. In addition, thespecial properties of water, especially its ability toassimilate heat, influence atmospheric circulationpatterns, climate, and our day-to-day weather.

When a substance is heated, its temperature usuallyrises. Because water has a tremendous capacity toabsorb heat, its temperature rises slowly. One measureof heat is the calorie, which is defined as the amount ofheat required to raise one gram of water by 1 degreeCelsius. Twenty calories of heat will therefore change thetemperature of 1 gram of liquid water by 20 degreesCelsius, or 20 grams of water by 1 degree Celsius. But forliquid water to evaporate, enough heat must be absorbed bythe water molecules on the ocean surface to allow them toovercome the relatively strong attraction that each watermolecule has for its nearest neighbors. The absorption ofthis heat does not result in a temperature change becausethe energy is used to overcome this attraction. It istherefore known as latent heat, where latent means“concealed” or “veiled.” It takes 540 calories of heat toovercome the attractive force between water molecules andconvert 1 gram of liquid water into water vapor.

When a threshold amount of energy is absorbed, thewater molecules behave independently and evaporate tobecome water vapor that enters the atmosphere. As they doso, they rise and cool, eventually converting back to a liquidstate, in a form of clouds or fog. This process is calledcondensation during which the tremendous energyabsorbed during evaporation is released.

1-4 of 11

A

BC

D

ABCD

A

B

C

D

24Diagnostic Test 2

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

5. It can be inferred that watertends to remain relativelycooltends to remain in theatmospheretends rarely get boiling hottends to not alter radically

6. Ten calories can raise1 gram of water by twentydegrees Celsius10 grams of water by 100degrees Celsius10 grams of water by 10degrees Celsius1 gram of water by 10degrees Celsius

7. Look at the word they in thepassage. Click on the word orphrase in the bold text thatthey refers to.

8. The following sentence can beadded to paragraph 2 or 3.

On the other hand, thistremendous amount ofenergy is released when watervapor cools down.

Where would it best fit in theparagraph? Click on the square[ � ] to add the sentence toparagraph 2 or 3.Paragraphs 2 and 3 are markedwith an arrow [ � ].

Water exists on Earth in all three physical states: solid,liquid and gas. Water evaporated from the oceans spendsan average of 11 days in the atmosphere before it isreturned to the surface as precipitation. While water vapormay occupy only a small fraction of the atmosphere, itsinterplay with ocean water is fundamental in atmosphericprocesses. In addition, the special properties of water,especially its ability to assimilate heat, influenceatmospheric circulation patterns, climate, and our day-to-day weather.� When a substance is heated, its temperature usuallyrises. Because water has a tremendous capacity to absorbheat, its temperature rises slowly. One measure of heat isthe calorie, which is defined as the amount of heat requiredto raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Twentycalories of heat will therefore change the temperature of 1gram of liquid water by 20 degrees Celsius, or 20 grams ofwater by 1 degree Celsius. � But for liquid water toevaporate, enough heat must be absorbed by the watermolecules on the ocean surface to allow them to overcomethe relatively strong attraction that each water moleculehas for its nearest neighbors. � The absorption of this heatdoes not result in a temperature change because the energyis used to overcome this attraction. � It is therefore knownas latent heat, where latent means “concealed” or “veiled.” Ittakes 540 calories of heat to overcome the attractive forcebetween water molecules and convert 1 gram of liquid waterinto water vapor. �� When a threshold amount of energy is absorbed, thewater molecules behave independently and evaporate tobecome water vapor that enters the atmosphere. �� Asthey do so, they rise and cool, eventually convertingback to a liquid state, in a form of clouds or fog. Thisprocess is called condensation during which thetremendous energy absorbed during evaporation isreleased. ��

5-8 of 11

A

B

CD

A

B

C

D

25 Insider

9. The second paragraph suggeststhat

water evaporates easily andquickly, creating suddenrain or even heavy stormswater has a greatertendency to remain in itssolid form than in its liquidformwater tends to remain coolbecause it uses its energyto resist the attraction ofother water moleculeswater spends much energyresisting the tendency toremain in its liquid form

10. Which of the following appliesto the process of condensation?

Evaporated water returnsto earth in liquid form,releasing tremendousenergy.There is a tremendousabsorption of heat as watermolecules resist theattraction of theirneighbors.The interaction of waterand air leads to a state oflatent heat, which refers tounfelt heat.The evaporation of heatcools the surface of thewater, thus increasing theatmosphere’s temperature.

11. Click on the sentence thatstates the time that it takeswater vapor to return to theocean.

Scroll the entire passage tosee all of the paragraphs.

Water exists on Earth in all three physical states: solid,liquid and gas. Water evaporated from the oceans spendsan average of 11 days in the atmosphere before it isreturned to the surface as precipitation. While water vapormay occupy only a small fraction of the atmosphere, itsinterplay with ocean water is fundamental in atmosphericprocesses. In addition, the special properties of water,especially its ability to assimilate heat, influenceatmospheric circulation patterns, climate, and our day-to-day weather.

When a substance is heated, its temperature usuallyrises. Because water has a tremendous capacity to absorbheat, its temperature rises slowly. One measure of heat isthe calorie, which is defined as the amount of heat requiredto raise one gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Twentycalories of heat will therefore change the temperature of 1gram of liquid water by 20 degrees Celsius, or 20 grams ofwater by 1 degree Celsius. But for liquid water to evaporate,enough heat must be absorbed by the water molecules onthe ocean surface to allow them to overcome the relativelystrong attraction that each water molecule has for itsnearest neighbors. The absorption of this heat does notresult in a temperature change because the energy is usedto overcome this attraction. It is therefore known as latentheat, where latent means “concealed” or “veiled.” It takes540 calories of heat to overcome the attractive forcebetween water molecules and convert 1 gram of liquid waterinto water vapor.

When a threshold amount of energy is absorbed, thewater molecules behave independently and evaporate tobecome water vapor that enters the atmosphere. As they doso, they rise and cool, eventually converting back to a liquidstate, in a form of clouds or fog. This process is calledcondensation during which the tremendous energyabsorbed during evaporation is released.

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

9-11 of 11

DIAGNOSTIC

TEST 2

26Diagnostic Test 2

SSEECCTTIIOONN 44WWRRIITTIINNGG


Whenfinishedreading


DismissDirectionsIn this section, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to write in English.

An essay topic will be given to you. You have 30 minutes to write your essay on that topic. Before thetopic is presented, you must choose whether to type your essay on the computer or to handwrite youressay.

If you finish your essay before 30 minutes, click on Next and then on Confirm Answer. At the end of30 minutes the computer will automatically end the section.


Whenfinishedreading


DismissDirections

WRITING

Directions00 : 30

ESSAY DIRECTIONS

27 Insider

Cut

Paste

Undo

00 : 29 1 of 1

Read the topic below and then make any notes that will help you plan your response.Begin typing your response in the box at the bottom of the screen, or write your answer on theanswer sheet provided to you.

When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of thenew country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Whichdo you prefer? Support your answer with specific details.

LISTENING SCRIPT

Listening ScriptDiagnostic Test 2

Listening Script Part A

1. (man) I can’t believe we’re only finished with midterms. This semester is speeding by.(woman) Well, you have some great professors, so that’s natural.(man) You’re taking some famous professors, too. What do you think about Dr. Radisson’s

regional science course?(woman) Let me tell you, it feels like this course is never going to end.(narrator) What does the woman mean?

2. (woman) I heard you were helping Dr. Thurman out with his new manuscript. I bet that’sinteresting.

(man) I hate it. He’s working me to death. It’s not even interesting.(woman) At least you’re making a little money. That has to help.(man) Money? This is an internship, not a job.(narrator) What is the woman assuming about the man?

3. (man) I’m really liking this computer science stuff. It’s far better than boring old politicalscience.

(woman) See? Didn’t I tell you all along this was the right major for you?(narrator) What can be inferred about the man?

4. (woman) Well, today is the big exam day. The last remaining classes have their exams today.Including most biology and math courses.

(man) And there’re the economics exams, too.(narrator) What is the man saying about the exams?

5. (man) The tryouts for the football team are tomorrow.(woman) I hear Doug actually wants to go for starting quarterback.(man) He’s too short for it. The coaches usually like tall quarterbacks, and Alex is at least 4

inches taller.(woman) But Alex doesn’t have as good an arm as Doug.(narrator) Why does the man think Doug will not be quarterback?

6. (woman) Why are you still studying? You always get the best grades in the class. You shouldcome out dancing with us.

(man) And I’d like to keep getting good grades.(narrator) What is the man implying?

Listening Script Part B

Questions 7-9

Listen to a professor and his students discussing information from an earth science class. The class

is on the moon’s tidal force.

(professor) People have long known that the moon is responsible for creating the ocean’s tides onEarth. But only recently have scientists begun to realize that this action has someimportant effects on our planet. Does anyone know what I am referring to?

(woman) I read that scientists have recently discovered that the moon’s tidal pull has animportant role in lifting cold water up from the ocean depths and influencing the Earth’sclimate.

(professor) That’s exactly right. There is a U.S. satellite called the Poseidon which bounces radar offof the oceans in order to measure sea levels precisely. Scientists involved with thePoseidon began to wonder what happens to all the energy that the moon transfers to the

29 Insider

Earth.(man) I thought that energy was just dissipated around the world by friction – like when the

waves and tidal currents drag along the sea floor of shallow coasts.(professor) That does happen. But friction on the ocean floors accounts for only about 70 to 75% of

the moon’s tidal energy, especially in places like Canada’s Hudson Bay, the EuropeanShelf off of Great Britain, and the Australian Shelf. The remaining 25-30% dissipates inthe deep ocean, creating turbulent currents in the waters, making the cold bottom watercome up and mix with warmer surface waters.

(woman) But is that mixing important?(professor) Remember that three-quarters of the Earth is covered with water; the oceans greatly

affect our climate. Understanding how the oceans work will help us better understandthe climate, leading to more accurate weather predictions and other advancements.

(man) If you now think that the tidal energy is responsible for mixing the oceans, what didpeople used to think was responsible for the mixing before?

(professor) Winds were believed to provide the energy. Winds generate about 1 trillion watts ofpower per year to the oceans. But that is only half the total force driving the oceans’circulation. The other 1 trillion comes from the moon.

(man) One trillion watts?(professor) That’s right. That’s enough power for 10 billion 100-watt light bulbs. It’s a lot of power.

7. What is the main topic of this discussion?

8. What is NOT one of the places the professor said the moon’s tidal energy is dissipated as friction?

9. Why are the recent discoveries about the moon’s energy significant?

Questions 10-13

Listen to part of a lecture from a business class. The professor is talking about insurance.

Almost everyone living in modern, industrialized countries buys insurance. For instance, laws inmost states require people who own a car to buy insurance before driving it on public roads.Business partners take out life insurance on each other to make sure the business will succeed evenif one of the partners dies.The reason people buy insurance is because of risk. No one knows in advance when a loss will occuror how serious that loss will be. Insurance combines the risks shared by many people, therebyreducing risks faced by a group. People pay to buy insurance coverage and, in exchange, all thosepeople receive a promise that their insurance organization will pay for any losses suffered by one oftheir members.Insurance is a legal contract that protects people from the financial costs that result from loss of life,loss of health, lawsuits, or property damage. Insurance provides a means for individuals andsocieties to cope with some of the risks faced in everyday life. People purchase contracts forinsurance, which are called ‘policies.’Although there are many different kinds of insurance policies, they are all basically structured thesame. There is a deductible, which is the minimum dollar amount of loss before coverage begins. Itwould be more trouble than it is worth for insurance to cover a $5 problem with a car, so thecompany might only pay for damage over $200 or so. Policies also only last a set period of time,called the policy limit. People pay for their insurance policies in regular, repeated payments calledthe premium.Insurance serves an important function for society. By allowing individuals to share risk, it helpsmake life more predictable and safe. For example, banks can make loans more cheaply, knowing thepeople they loan to are protected by insurance. More money available for loans means that morebusinesses can run effectively. Businesses insure their property and technology against theft,making their operating conditions safer, which in turn encourage more economic transactions.In order to manage their exposure to risk, insurance companies generate risk profiles on theirpolicyholders. For example, auto insurance companies know that young drivers are more likely to getinto accidents than older drivers, so younger drivers must pay higher premiums. Similarly, peoplewho drive more expensive cars face more expensive repairs, so their premiums are higher. Andpeople who have gotten into a lot of accidents in the past are more likely to get into accidents in the

30Listening Script

LISTENIN

G SCRIPT

Listening Script

future, so their insurance is expensive, too.

10. What is the main topic of this lecture?

11. The professor described how insurance works. Match the insurance term with its definition.

12. According to the speaker, what are the benefits of insurance?

13. What is NOT a risk factor mentioned by the professor?

Questions 14-15

Listen to part of a conversation between two people.

(woman) I can’t believe we’re actually going on a rafting trip.(man) My friends and I have certainly been waiting for it and planning it for long enough. I’m

glad you’ve decided to come along, even if it is at the last moment. You’re going to have agreat time.

(woman) Well, it was nice of you to invite me. Say, I was wondering, how long is it going to takeus to get there?

(man) It’s about a five-hour drive to get to the camp, but once we get there and get settled in,it’s another two hours on a camp bus to get to the starting point on the river where welaunch.

(woman) If it takes so long, we should be leaving earlier in the day. 10 am is too late.(man) No, because the first night we are going to sleep at the campsite. That way, things aren’t

too hurried. The rafting organizers also want to make sure that everyone knows how toswim and that we’re up to the trip. This is a long rafting trip – three days of going downsome of the biggest white water in the country.

(woman) White water rapids? You didn’t tell me there were going to be big rapids. I thought thiswas just a fun, relaxing trip.

(man) It is fun. And it’s also great exercise and a chance to get some sun and fresh air far fromthe city.

(woman) But it sounds dangerous.(man) Not really. Mosquitoes are probably the most dangerous things you’re going to face.

14. What are the man and woman going to do?

15. What does the man NOT say about their trip?

31 Insider

ANSWER KEY

33 Insider

Answer Key Diagnostic Test 2

Listening

1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (C)6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (A), (B) 10. (B)

11. Premium – Regular insurance paymentDeductible – Minimum loss before coverage beginsLimit – When the insurance coverage ends

12. (A), (D) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (A)

Structure

1. (A) anesthesiologist 2. (B) so 3. (C) soft enough 4. (A)5. (C) 6. (B) molecules 7. (D) 8. (C) an 9. (B)

10. (B) (some) or (about)

Reading

1. (C) 2. absorb 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (A)6. (D) 7. molecules 8. D (water vapor.■When a) 9. (C)

10. (A) 11. Water evaporated ... as precipitation.

Writing

When people move to another country, some of them decide to follow the customs of the new country.Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which do you prefer? Support youranswer with specific details.

In general, it is desirable for someone moving to another country to respect the customs of thatcountry and try to practice them oneself, whenever doing so is consistent with one’s own convictions.This is only fair, because the newcomer is living in someone else’s home, so to speak, and is expectedto follow the rules of the house while there. In certain parts of Asia, for example, it is considered politeto avoid sitting with one’s feet pointed toward another person. It may be considered uncouth to lookdirectly at the person to whom one is talking.

In all these cases, a person who has arrived to live in a particular society is expected to observe suchcustoms. Violating them is usually not a crime, but to ignore them is nonetheless consideredinsensitive, if not actually insulting.

Where religion is involved, this principle takes on a new dimension. Is it reasonable to compel abeliever in a certain religion to ignore or alter the exercise of that religion in order to comply with localcustom? Most people would say no. To take a hypothetical example, imagine that a man’s particularreligion forbids him to eat cheese on Tuesdays. If he travels to a country where that religious custom

is not observed, should the people in that country compel him to eat cheese on Tuesdays merelybecause they have no scruples against doing so? That probably would be unreasonable.

There are exceptions, then, to the general rule of showing respect for local customs. There areoccasions when “the customs of the country,” as the expression goes, do not necessarily apply to avisitor or new resident. Still, honoring local customs is a reasonable expectation, at least where it doesnot violate certain beliefs.

34Answer Key

Answer Key

ANSW

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basic toefl test with answer

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