Basin management planCase Sibalom watershed, Philippines

Marion Hermus

Cornelia Rudolph

Lennart Swinkels

Description

• State of basin natural resources– 18% of the original primary forests left (1999)

– Water intensively used

– Mineral rich area

• Trends: Environmental degradation– Deforestation of rain forests and mangroves

– Erosion and sedimentation

– Floods and droughts

– More extreme precipitation

• Monitoring– No sign of basin management plans

– No monitoring programs

Inventories

• Land use– 80% cultivated land (mostly grassland, secondary forest, 1992)

• Ecosystems– Tropical climate– 85% mountainous, 15% lowland

• Water availability and demands– Seasonal dependancy and availability– 942 Mm³ runoff yearly

• Pollution sources– minimal fertilizer use and only on terraced fields

• No optimal information basis, more research/monitoring needed

Assessment

• Ecosystem needs– Erosion– Sedimentation– Water allocation

• Vulnerability– Sedimentation problems at corral reefs– Groundwater refill– Rain and groundwater availability

• Implications of changing land use– Change in land use is necessary– Overview of current land use needed– Overview of possible types of land use, more suitable, economical

suitable – Spatial planning

Stakeholders• Stakeholders

– Inhabitants– 135 Barangays– 7 Municipalities– DENR– NGO’s (WWF)

• Stakeholder needs– Housing, fuel wood, agricultural goods, etc.– Preserve political structure/organisation– Overview of needs and interests of other stakeholders

• Mechanisms for participation– Gather information about current ways of participation; current democratic

structure; – Create awareness among inhabitants, GO’s and NGO’s by informing and

communication– Communicate with the leaders of barangays and municipalities

Priority issues

• Get to know the ecological, social and economical system– Approach stakeholders, researchers, GO’s, NGO’s– Investigate lacking data

• Start awareness process with local inhabitants and stakeholders

Goals

• Short-term– Bring back forest cover on critical sites– Protect nature reserves by enforcing of existing rules and

developing new rules

• Long-term– Extend natural bio-dynamics

• Erosion• Groundwater

– Enhance the activities stability (sustainable economy)– Mitigate vulnerability to drought and flooding

Objectives

• Water quality– Fertilizers

• No exceeding of the carying capacity

– Silt, floating matter• Coral• Decrease erosion processes

• Water allocation– Fair distribution between nature and agriculture– Come up with and implement innovative solutions for water usage

Benefit shares

• Compromises between stakeholders– National, regional and local

• Win-win situation between nature and socio-economy– Using natural resources in a sustainable way

• E.g. Forestry;– More nature, less floods and erosion

Scenarios

• Scenarios– Autonamous– Worst case– Implement short term measures– Implement long term measures– Best case

• Use– Awareness– Financial picture– Vision

Plans

• Create a Basin Management Organization– Legal power to implement measures/plans– Enforcement ability

• Start with priority issues– Getting to know the system, collecting information– Stakeholder involvement

• Short term measures• Long term measures

Financing

• International funding– WWF (nature)– World Bank (socio-economic) etc.

• Development funding/aids– German technical cooperation (GTZ) etc.

• National government• Local government

– Taxes and fees

Responsibilities

• Institutions involved– International and national policies and laws– Basin Management Organization– Municipal governments– Local Barangays– Local inhabitants

• Guideline schedule– Gather information and talk to stakeholders: 1st year– Make detailed basin action plan: 1st and 2nd year– Work on short term measures: 1st till 3rd year– Work on long term measures: 3rd to 5th year

Monitoring

• Monitoring of the adherence of laws, rules– Especially illegal logging

• Monitoring of water quality and quantity– Flood early warning systems

Assignment 2

• Assumptions– 10 million m³ per river– 400 m wide– 1 meter depth: 25 km of river– 2 meter depth: 12,5 km of river– 3 meter depth: 8,3 km of river

Possible implications

• Disturbed ecosystem in the riverbed and surroundings of the river

• More drainage of the surrounding land• Groundwater flows might change• Erosion patterns will change (less coarse material)• Less floodings• Periodically disturbance traffic along the river, more noise from

excavation activities