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C/Harton

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First Manassas was the first major battle on

land of the Civil War between the

Confederate and the Union.

The Union wanted to march onto the

Confederate capital of Richmond taking it

and the railroad.

They expected this to be an easy attack

ending the rebellion before it caught fire.

This first battle set the tone for the entire war.

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Rolling hills

Hot & Muggy

Mid Summer in

Northern VA

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32

-

34,000 men

Railroads (9,000

miles)

Rifles

Normal forms of

communication

Inexperienced

Confederate

Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell

Union

Brig. Gen. P.G.T.

Beauregard

28

-

35,000 men

Railroads (22,000

miles)

Repeaters (

Mini

bullets)

Telegraph

Inexperienced (

Confident

)

Spy Balloons

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The largest and bloodiest battle in AmericanHistory to that point

Confederate casualties: 387 killed, 1,582

wounded, 13 missing.

Union casualties: 460 killed, 1,124 wounded,and 1,312 missing or captured.

The realization that this war was going to be along bloody war settled over the states.

Confusion over flags Stars&Bars vs.Stars&Stripes

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President Lincoln signed a bill for the

enlistment of 500,000 more men with a 3-

year contracts.

Complete shock and bewilderment.

Named the battle The Battle of Bull Run.

Union feared the victorious Confederatearmy would march onto Washington.

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Lack of enthusiasm and little celebration.

Realized that although it was a victory, theyneeded to regroup and prepare for bigger

battles and losses.

Beauregard considered a hero and promotedto Full General by President Davis.

Jackson not given any special recognitioneven though his tactical contributions werekey to success.

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Simplicity:

The Union flankmaneuver, although a

sound plan, requiredprecise execution andmovement by all units.

Maneuver:

The plan of moving

their units was too slowand not in sync allowingthe Confederacy toprepare and getreinforcements.

Errors Pros

Offensive/Surprise:

The artillery borage

that started the attack

caught Beauregardand his men by

surprise and could not

get organized for some

time.

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Security Beauregard allowed

McDowell and his mento get set and fire a

borage of artillery on hisemplacement before hisplanned attack.

Unity of Command: The lines of

communicationbetween units was veryslow and delayed theresponse and counter-attack against theUnion.

Errors Pros

Offense

Jackson and his mencharged and took a

group of Union gunsand turned the tide ofthe battle.

Mass

Taking advantage of the

slow emplacement ofthe Union army, TheConfederates were ableto get reinforcementsprior to battle.

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Basic Uniform for bothsides

Units needed bettertraining and discipline

Better medical care

Communication betweenunits

Increase in enlistmenttimes.

Both sides were seriousopponents