beacosystem talk @ mongodb user group dublin @sos100
TRANSCRIPT
Sean O Sullivan twitter: @sos100
A Tour of the Beacosystem
Background, trends and what’s next in Proximity and Beacon technology
Me
You
Techie, Comp. Sci.SW Developer
Rococo/Dial2DoIONA
CTO @ Effective SoftwareLocalSocial/mySay
Interested in Proximity / Beacons?
Star
tups
Java / Bluetooth
JSR82 Tools / Implementations
Proximity Platform (WiFi, Bluetooth)
LocalSocial
2000
to 2007
2008
2009
Proximity InterestSome Proximity product track record at scale
Set the standard
400M phones
World’s 1st
Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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The Near and the Now
Proximity
The Near and the Now
WiFi
Bluetooth
NFC Tag
QR Codes
Bluetooth Smart
iBeacon
Technology
Proximity
The Near and the Now
WiFi
Bluetooth
NFC Tag
QR Codes
Bluetooth Smart
iBeacon
User is Nearby
User Taps
User Scans
SignalsTechnology
User in-store
Proximity
User dwells
User left
The Near and the Now
WiFi
Bluetooth
NFC Tag
QR Codes
Bluetooth Smart
iBeacon
UnlockCollectDisplay
RewardRAOK*
Signals TriggersTechnology
RAOK = Random Act of Kindness
Proximity
Log
User is Nearby
User Taps
User Scans
User in-store
User dwells
User left
The Near and the Now
WiFi
Bluetooth
NFC Tag
QR Codes
Bluetooth Smart
iBeacon
UnlockCollectDisplay
RewardRAOK*
Signals TriggersTechnology
RAOK = Random Act of Kindness
Proximity
Log
User is Nearby
User Taps
User Scans
User in-store
User dwells
User left
Analytics
Insight
Top VisitorsBusy hoursBusy AreasDead AreasDwell times
Signals
The Near and the Now
WiFi
Bluetooth
NFC Tag
QR Codes
TriggersTechnology
Analytics
Insight
Top VisitorsBusy hoursBusy Areas
RAOK = Random Act of Kindness
Proximity
User is Nearby
User Taps
User Scans
User in-store
User dwells
User left
Dead AreasDwell times
UnlockCollectDisplay
RewardRAOK*Log
Bluetooth Smart
iBeacon
Bluetooth Smart aka Bluetooth Low Energy : ideal for proximity use cases
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Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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BLE (Bluetooth Smart)
Sensors on right hand side
HRMs, Smart Home, Connected Locks, Watches, etc. etc.
Devices that can talk to or “see” sensors on left hand sideBranding is “Bluetooth Smart” and “Smart Ready”
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Proximity and BLE
Proximity Beacon on Right Hand Side
Something unique available to device on Left to identify the Beacon
Devices that can “see” sensors on left hand sideBeacons kept (mostly) simple
“I’m Here”Some Unique Information
I see you!
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Place Beacons at specific areas within retail spaces
Customer with Device detects Beacon - can trigger a greeting, an award, an offer, digital product information - and so on…
Beacons used to “mark” physical areas for data collection and engagement (notify, reward, context, etc.)
Beacons in use
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Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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Bluetooth - BLE in particular, used for location and servicesEver wondered about this?
Appeared since iOS7
Has been here “forever”
WiFi and LocationFun and games
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iBeacon
“I’m Here”
Advertising FrequencyUpdate ControlsData
I see you!
Ranging Controls
Some Zone
Beacon set to “red” range
Beacon set to “orange” range
(and so on, red is “tightest”,
green is “widest”)
User path
User only “trips” proximity with the beacon if it crosses within the range threshold for that specific beacon. Gives users fine grained control over how they layout Beacons around a given Zone.
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O Y G
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Bluetooth Low Energy Device Battery powered, USB, mains powered, solar powered, passive poweredRepeatedly transmits a message in an agreed way (it advertises itself)All iOS and all new Android devices can “see” this message
Range : 10M / 30 feet
iBeacon ecosystemApple knows how to build a value network
Background Notifications
(iOS)
Proximity APIs (iOS)
iBeacon Support in all
mobile devices
Certified iBeacon
Hardware Programme
Exemplar usage in Apple Stores
All iOS devices can act as an
iBeacon
Developers can quickly build in to
apps
Place based push notification of value
to retailers and venue owners
Large market for proximity powered
experiences, including on Watch
Supports p2p experiences, and next generation
POS and hospitality
Wide range of hardware available
Showcase what’s
possible
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So what!
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Greetings and Notifications Trigger welcome messages on arrival, after a certain dwell time, or after departure
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Offers / Promotions Trigger offers in certain areas, or make them “unlockable” only if in the store or specific area
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Points or Rewards Trigger points for walking in
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Store “re-arranges” itself As you move - so what’s nearest is under the thumb
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“eCommerce Style Data for real world Locations”
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Physical - Digital Google Analytics for the real world
Data. Data. And Data. Same as eCommerce: where, how long, who came back, what engaged, etc.
Data
Location
User
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R
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G G
OO
Row location_id duration created_at name4168 2954 1015 2014-07-10 11:37:00 1. Solutions 3445 2953 1015 2014-07-10 11:37:00 2. Servers 2462 2952 1015 2014-07-10 11:37:00 3. Storage 5224 2955 1015 2014-07-10 11:37:00 4. Innovation 985 2950 1015 2014-07-10 11:37:00 5. Client Computing Devices 6119 2963 1015 2014-07-10 11:37:00 6. Retail
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MongoDB was introduced to store and serve denormalized location data instead of building a tree of data out of the SQL result on every call (which is how we started!).
DEFAULT_LOCATION_DURATION = 1.minuteLOCATION_VISIT_MIN_INTERVAL = 45.minutesSHOPZONE_VISIT_MIN_INTERVAL = 121.seconds
• Any new visit to a beacon attached to a location or zone, creates a OwnerVisit record with a duration of DEFAULT_LOCATION_DURATION
• A given visit to a location is aggregated with the previous visit if the previous visit was done less than LOCATION_VISIT_MIN_INTERVAL ago
• A given visit to a zone is aggregated with the previous visit if the previous visit was done less than SHOPZONE_VISIT_MIN_INTERVAL ago
• Visit to a zone triggers a visit for its parent location
Visits, Dwell Times, Paths
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Use Cases
See a great list at Mobisfera (link at end)
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Sports / Stadia
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Airlines and Airports
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Fashion Retail
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Hailo in-cab payment
Museum / Galleries
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Welcomes / Goods Pick-up
High Value : Cars
High Value : Real Estate / Property
Data. Data. And Data. Which houses were most popular? Who dwelled longest? Which rooms didn’t work?
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OFFERS PUSH
Lots of the initial focus has been on “pushing offers”. Not good!
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Instead : ask yourself - “what would Steve do” :-)
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Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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Physical Web
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Proximity approaches comparediBeacon vs Physical Web
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Product
Source
Hardware
Shipping Apple product, APIs and functionality baked in to iOS, many
hardware manufacturers
Beacon Payload
iBeacon Physical WebRight now a Project, no in-built support in Android or elsewhere
Alerts / Background
Specification is public, controlled by Apple
Open Source project, Apache 2.0 Licence
Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons, Specification by Apple, must be certified to manufacture iBeacon
Bluetooth Low Energy Beacons, Specification by Google, anyone
can manufacture
ProximityUUID, Major and Minor code
URL formatted according to URIBeacon Specification
iOS allows background notifications No proactive alerts, and no background scanning
pronounced YUR-ee-BEE-kunURIBeacon
‣ Original specification for Beacon format etc.
‣ Now superseded / absorbed by Eddystone
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UriBeacon advertises a URL
Physical Web App sees UriBeacons nearby, displays them in order of nearness
UriBeacons transmit URLs, App interprets URL…
Google Physical Web : how it works
Site / Content
Interactive Web
Deep link to AppControls over connected device
URL can lead to…
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Story so farGoogle Proximity Timeline
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2013 2013 2014 2015
BLE Hardware in various Android devices, no official APIs, some manufacturer APIs == confusion
JellyBean First real BLE support in 4.3 - scanning, GATT etc.
Physical Web September 2014: Physical web appeared as a project, with URIBeacon spec.
Eddystone July : Eddystone announced - major evolution in approach to proximity
Proximity and Nearby APIs Proximity APIs released; Nearby and Place APIs now Beacon-aware
iOS Today Widget For Chrome on iOS - now hunts for Beacons nearby when tapped
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Google’s open standard for BeaconsEddystone™
‣ Protocol Specification
‣ Defines the message format for messages transmitted by Beacons
‣ Designed to work on Android and iOS
‣ Frames used to define use cases • Three initial types: URL, UID, TLM
‣ Extensible • Eddystone-EID
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Used to broadcast a URLURL Frame : Eddystone-URL
‣ Goal: get a URL to receiver
‣ Compressed to fit in advertisement packet restrictions of Bluetooth Smart
‣ Described as “backbone of the Physical Web”
‣ This now does what URIBeacon used to do
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Used to broadcast a unique IDUID Frame : Eddystone-UID
‣ Contains an opaque, unique 16-byte Beacon ID composed of • 10-byte namespace ID • 6-byte instance ID
‣ You decide how you might use the UIDs • e.g. namespace == customer, instance == individual beacon • handy for filtering (I’m only looking for Brown Thomas
Beacons, so filter on namespace 495464)
‣ You can (kinda) think of the UID use case as being the “iBeacon” use case
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Used to pass on Device informationTelemetry Frame : Eddystone-TLM
‣ Battery voltage
‣ Temperature
‣ Light
‣ Packets / activity
‣ Uptime
‣ (etc.)
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Security and “protect my network”Eddystone-EID
‣ Eddystone-EID : A time-varying beacon frame that can be resolved to a stable identifier by a linked resolver, such as Proximity Beacon API
• Prevent other parties from using their beacons. • Preserve user privacy in scenarios involving wearables or
other equipment carried by the user. • Lease their beacon network to other parties in a way
that allows a provable 'off switch' for access. • Provide a strong signal that a user is at a particular
place, that is not easily spoofed62
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Cloud based store for Beacon informationProximity API
‣ REST API - core is the Beacon Resource • beaconName, AdvertisedID, Status, Expected stability, Latitude
and longitude coordinates, Indoor floor level, Google Places API Place ID, Freeform text
‣ Status • Active, Decommissioned, Inactive
‣ Stability • Stable. portable, mobile, roving
‣ Beacon Methods • Activate, Deactivate, Decommission, Get, List, Register, Update
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Cloud based store for Beacon informationProximity API
‣ beaconName • Has the format "beacons/N!beaconId" where the
beaconId is the base16 ID broadcast by the beacon and N is a code for the beacon's type. Possible values are 3 for Eddystone, 1 for iBeacon, or 5 for AltBeacon
‣ AdvertisedID • Enum (EDDYSTONE, IBEACON, ALTBEACON) • Id (String) - the UUID being broadcast by the Beacon
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Google proximity ecosystemGetting wired-in to wider ecosystem
Proximity Beacon API
Eddystone
Hardware
Nearby Message API
Places API
Chrome iOS Widget
More flexible and extensible than
iBeacon == developer friendly
Cloud based management for
Beacons and metadata
Eddystone proving attractive to many
Beacon manufacturers
On iOS, the Today Chrome
widget now scans for Beacons
Subscribe to messages attached to Beacons
Can register PlaceID with Beacons -
acts as signal to Places API
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Proxbook is a service provided by UnacastProxbook is a service provided by Unacast
BEACON STANDARDS
Google Eddystone catching up to Apples iBeacon
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POPULARITY OF DIFFERENT BEACON STANDARDS% of total Proxbook members supporting a beacon standard
Q4 2015 Q1 2016Q3 2015Q2 2015 Q2 2016 Q3 2016
49%55%
45%
5%
25%
38%
96%90%
96% 93% 90% 89%
The most recent beacon protocol to launch is Eddystone by Google. By using Eddystone you can trigger both URL’s in browsers on smartphones as well as notifications in mobile apps, and it is supported on iOS and Android. More and more proximity companies are adding Eddystone support into their product portfolios, and Google is strengthening it’s position in the beacon standard competition each quarter.
iBeacon is the beacon protocol made by Apple. iBeacon can trigger notifications within mobile apps and is natively supported on iOS. Apple has been quiet since the release of iBeacon in 2013. However, a new Apple device has just passed through the FCC and it will come with both Bluetooth and NFC. They also recently removed the headphone jack from the iPhone 7, putting more emphasis on Bluetooth.
Could this be Apple’s way of forcing the market to adapt to Bluetooth before releasing the new iBeacon 2.0?
As of Q3 more than half of the proximity industry is using Google Eddystone.
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Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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3
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Beacosystem Overview
Anywhere from 60M to 300M Beacons deployed worldwide by 2018.
Currently, 1-2M, excluding Apple iOS devices.
We are here
Pure Play Hardware Companies with standalone Beacons
Marketing Automation Companies using Beacons for indoor, place-based signals
Place / Location Analytics companies using Beacons for indoor & place-based signals
Vertical Solution Provider using Beacons for features (Events, Museums, Enterprise, Real Estate)
Shopper Marketing Platforms using Beacons to trigger engagement, understand context
General Purpose Proximity Platforms offering PaaS to everyone else
Indoor Location Providers using Beacons as part of the Indoor Location arsenal
Hardware Companies with embedded Beacons (Lights, Sockets, Wearables)
Lots of different players in the Beacosystem
Ad Networks / DSPs linking to Beacon networks for re-targeting, offline to online (O2O)
Apple (iBeacon)
Google (Physical Web)
There are a few ways to group the players
Here’s one…
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Recent Activity
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Aug 14: $2M
Aug 14: Re-brands from Sonic Notify May 14: Spun out
from QualcommDec 13: $3M
Apr 14: $4.5M
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Sep 14: $10M (Baidu)
May 13: Acquired by Aruba ($26M)
Apr 14: Founder joins AppleOct 13: $3M
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Aug-14: iBeacon Support
Oct-14 : $10M
Sep-13: $6.3M
Sep 14: Acquired by SK ($200M)
Jan-14: $3.5M
Sep-14: $.5M
Nov-13: $3.3M
Oct-12: Intel (undisclosed)
Sep-14: John Lewis JLAB Winner
Mar-14: $1.5M
Nov-14: Acquired by Groupon
Aug-14: $1M
Dec-14: Acquired Aconite; raised ST4M
Jan-15: $1.2M
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Getting crowded in here!! :-)
Lots of me-too activity.
We’re revising this area in our next update.
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Sep-14: $1.3MJul-8: $30M
Feb-14: $15M
Jun-14: $10M
Jan-15: $5M
Oct-14: Acquired by BrickStream
Oct-14: $4.4M Feb-13: $17.3M
Apr-15: $1.6M
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
2014 Seed - undisclosed
Standalone Beacon
Mob
ile M
arke
ting
Indoor Location
Location Analytics
Shopper Marketing
Verticals
Proximity Platform
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Bluetooth, BLE, and Beacons How the Bluetooth Standard helps power proximity
Apple, iBeacon, and Use Cases Where iBeacon fits with BLE and who’s using it
Google Physical Web and Eddystone The Google approach to Proximity
The Beacosystem A run through the increasingly crowded Beacon / iBeacon “space”
Proximity The Near and the Now
Issues, Trends and Resources Step back for a look at some issues, and links for more information
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3
4
5
6
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In no order…Issues
Android Consistency
Over Hype Bring on the trough!
Bad Behaviour Just because you can - doesn’t mean you should!
Security Spoofing, Piggybacking
Boring Power, management, control, refresh, firmware,…
12345
Security
Spoofing
Piggybacking
Pretending I’m near your beacon when I’m not
Leveraging your network
++ PKI style burn-in
Not only about these…
Bluetooth Low Energy Device
Battery powered, mains powered, solar powered, passive powered
Transmits a message in an agreed wayAll iOS and all new Android devices can “see” this message
(Standalone Beacons)
Range: 10M / 30 feet on average
Embedded use of Beacons will likely drive the real long term volume in deployments
But very much also about these…
Lights Sockets Wearables Locks
Not only about these…
But very much also about these…
Office FactoryAirport Connected Home
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Deployment Considerations
Proximity Location
Nearness Accurate Position
Easy Setup Complex
All Devices Some / future
No infrastructure Installation req’d
Background alerts App front / b/ground
“App free” App Required
Embedded Volume beacon shipments match standalone volume by end 2015
Successful deployments outside retail: events, gigs, conferences, real estate, tourism
Enterprise use cases start to emerge: meeting rooms, staff location, building security
Privacy policy becomes a key differentiator for suppliers
Do not track (DNT) equivalent policies become formalised for Beacon use cases
More M&A in the Beacosystem
More options emerge for App-free experiences (Retailers crying out for browser solution)
Many poor consumer experiences launched - mostly in retail context (pestering, spam)
Some expectations for 2015 and beyond
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Facilities Management
Large workplaces present challenges in terms of the efficient use of available space. The ability to identify free spaces in real time means less time spent on searching and waiting for occupied spaces to be free. According to Steelcase, 40% of employees waste up to 30 minutes a day on looking for space to collaborate. Beacons help meeting spaces to be allocated more efficiently.
Beacons enable:
Utility management
Navigation and ononboarding
Spaceoptimalization
Health and Safety
Map
Battle BoardHazard App
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Some Resources
Steve Statler
http://www.hitchhikersguidetothebeacosystem.com
Book, Blog, Papers, Advice
https://jenson.org
kontakt.io
Unacast
Proxbook
Proxbook
Proxbook Report
Proxbook is a service provided by UnacastProxbook is a service provided by Unacast 2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12-20
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22
23
25-33
Proximity adopters in airports and transportation
Proxbook executive summary
A message from the CEO & Co-founder
What is proximity marketing?
Proximity solutions in airports
For Proximity Solution Providers it’s all about the numbers
Introduction to proximity marketing at airports
Who is leveraging proximity?
Airport use cases
Proximity technology in transportation
Introduction to proximity marketing in transportation
How can proximity solutions help?
Transportation use cases
Proximity industry status
Proximity Solution Provider index
Innovation in hardware
Bluetooth adoption and the way forward
Proximity sensors deployed globally
Beacon standards
Proximity products and services
Proximity software and technologies
Industry verticals
Proximity Solution Providers per country
Proximity Solution Provider categories
Methodology
About Unacast
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Google Resources
Beacon overview https://developers.google.com/beacons/
Proximity Beacon API https://developers.google.com/beacons/proximity/guides
Beacon Platform Demo App
https://github.com/google/beacon-platform/tree/master/samples/ios
Nearby API https://developers.google.com/nearby/
Physical Web https://github.com/google/physical-web
Eddystone https://github.com/google/eddystone
Google ResourcesEphemeral Identifiers:
Mitigating Tracking & Spoofing Threats to BLE Beacons
Avinatan Hassidim, Yossi Matias, Moti Yung, and Alon Ziv
Google Inc.
April 14, 2016
AbstractBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons broadcast their presence in order to enable proximity-based
applications by observer devices. This results in a privacy and security exposure: broadcast devices
are typically susceptible to tracking and spoofing based on the IDs used by the beacons.
We introduce a scheme consisting of cloud-based Ephemeral Identifiers (EID) which allows only
authorized parties to properly identify the beacons broadcast; it mitigates the basic tracking and
security threats while keeping high utility. We outline a formal model of privacy which is obtained
with our scheme, present its implementation within the Eddystone BLE format, and discuss possible
extensions.
1 IntroductionBeacons based on the Bluetooth Smart (BLE) standard have recently been gaining acceptance as preferredenablers for proximity-sensitive experiences (see, e.g., [13]). Such beacons use BLE in a broadcast mode,repeatedly sending static “advertisement” packets, and thus requiring very little power (for protocolprocessing or for radio operation). This has the advantage that they can achieve long lifetimes whilekeeping to a small device size. Particularly interesting use-cases for such beacons include proximitybeacons, used to enable location-based services, and object-tracking beacons, which enable tracking ofportable physical objects.
The broadcast-only mode of BLE presents some security challenges. While the Bluetooth Specifica-tion [4] contains some security mechanisms, these are mostly aimed at protecting the data flow when paireddevices are already connected [16]. When a device is operating in the broadcaster mode, the only securitymechanism provided by the standard specification is use of random MAC addresses [4, vol. 3, § C.10.7.4].To be viable, in many cases, broadcast-only applications will require additional application-level securityfor their data payloads. In addition, the standard random-address mechanism does not protect againstreplay attacks, a protection which is desirable for most security-sensitive applications.
We consider the following threats to be critical for users of beacons, in particular in applications whichemploy object tracking:
Unauthorized Tracking Beacon broadcast IDs are available to read by any nearby receiver. Thisenables many abuses, including after-the-fact unauthorized tracking.1
Forgery An adversary can forge the advertisements of any beacon broadcasting a consistent ID.
Showrooming Beacons are often used to identify microlocation. An adversary can use the beaconinformation of the owner to o�er competing services to those given in that location.
In this paper we present a scheme consisting of ephemeral identifiers with cloud-based resolver service,we describe how such scheme can address the problem at scale, discuss theoretical foundations for ourprotocol, and analyze the design choices we have made from a pragmatic perspective.
1In after-the-fact tracking, an eavesdropper may use a widely– deployed mobile app to collect identifiers and their
locations, and use this to later infer the beacon’s historical location once learning the beacon’s ID.
1
Blog
Apps
Platform
O Reilly Series
Presentations
Consult / Training
LocalSocial App in Google Play and
iTunes
blog.mylocalsocial.com
mylocalsocial.com [email protected]
http://radar.oreilly.com/tag/beacon-series
http://www.slideshare.net/sos100/
More information
Don Dodge StreetFight BEEKN
Works @ Google, Developer Advocate, Google Ventures,
Investor
Covers nearly everything that moves involving HyperLocal
Ads, Publishing, indoor advertising, etc.
Great Blog - also active twitter @dusanwriter
“Be the Beacon” :-)
More information
ABI PLACE / OPUS @Launch
Research on Indoor, Proximity, Location, iBeacon
Indoor marketing, advertising, positioning conference
(SF, NY, London)
From @Jason and the @Launch Team
(Mar, SF)
More information
MobisFera TI Radius
http://www.mobisfera.com/summary-real-cases-close-
real-using-ibeacons/
App, Source, iBeacon-able, inexpensive, great support
SDK, active on GitHub
Sean O Sullivan twitter: @sos100
A Tour of the Beacosystem
Background, trends and what’s next in Proximity and Beacon technology