bearing analysis - cemb€¦ · n200 - v. 1.1 09/2017 9 2. general layout 2.1 keypad the keyboard...

Vibration equipment division

www.cemb.com CEMB S.p.A.Via Risorgimento, 923826 MANDELLO del LARIO (Lc) Italy

*Translation of the original instructions

N200Vibrometer beariNg aNalysis Use aNd maiNteNaNce iNstrUctioN maNUal


N200 - Ver.1.1 09/2017

General index

1. General description 5

1.1 Standardaccessories 51.2 Optionalaccessories 51.3 Connections 61.4 Pulsantedireset 71.5 Battery 71.6 Adjustmentandcalibration 81.7 Generaladvice 8

2. General layout 9

2.1 Keypad 92.2 Start/Stoptheacquisition 102.3 Specificadditionalfunctionsforthevariouspages 10

3. Home screen (menu) 12

4. Setup mode 13

4.1 Sensorsensitivity 134.2 Date 144.3 Time 144.4 Unitsofmeasurementsystem 144.5 Displaybrightness 144.6 Backlightingauto-offtime 144.7 Instrumentauto-offtime 14

5. Vibrometer mode 15

5.1 Measurementsettings 155.1.1 Sensortype 155.1.2 Measurement 165.1.3 Unitsofmeasurement 165.1.4 Typeofvibration 165.1.5 Unitsoffrequency 16

5.2 Settingsonlyvalidforoverallmeasurements 165.2.1 Frequencyrange 165.2.2No.ofaverages 17

5.3 Settingsforsynchronousmeasurementsonly 175.3.1 Synchronousfilterwidth 17

5.4 Measurementresults 175.4.1 Overallmeasurement 175.4.2 Synchronousmeasurement 18

5.5 Additionalfunctions 205.5.1 Displayingmeasurementsfromtherecords 20

6. Tachometer mode 21

6.1 Measurementsettings 216.2 Rotationvelocitymeasurement 21

7. CBA CEMB Bearing Analysis 23

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7.1 Measurementsetting 237.2 CBAMeasurement 23

8. CEMB N-Pro program (optional) 24

8.1 Systemrequirements 248.2 Installationofthesoftware 248.3 InstallationofdriversforUSBcommunicationwiththeN100,N300 instruments(forversion1.3.4orearlier) 258.4 InstallationofdriversforUSBcommunicationwiththeN100andN300 instruments(forversion1.3.5andlateronly) 268.5 Activatingthesoftware 278.6 Useofthesoftware 28

7.6.1 Functionbar 288.7 Generalsettings 298.8 ReadingdatafromtheN100orN300instrument 308.9 DatarecordsimportedfromtheN100orN300instrument 318.10 ReadingdatafromtheN600instrument 318.11 Displayingdatapresentintherecords 328.12 Specificfunctionsforthespectrumgraphs 328.13 Synchronousvibrationvaluemeasurement(onlyforN100andN300 instruments) 338.14 Balancingdata(onlyforN300andN600instruments) 348.15 Generationandprintingofcertificates(reports) 348.16 Generatingandprintingmultiplemeasurementcertificates(multi-report) 35


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Appendix A

Technical data 36

Appendix B

Evaluation criteria 37

Appendix C

A rapid guide to interpreting a spectrum 38

Appendix D

Information related to the creation of customised templates (models) for

certificates generated by CEMB N-Pro software 44

Appendix E

List of symbols used for the instrument 48

Appendix F

Errors indicated on the display 51

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1. General description

TheN200instrumentanditsaccessoriesaresuppliedinahandycase.We recommend the instrument is returned to its case after every use to protect it from damage during transport.

1.1 Standard accessories

• N200instrumentcompletewithbattery• Battery charger• 1TA-18Saccelerometertransducer• 1 transducer connection cable• 1 magnetic base• 1 probe• MultilingualmanualonCD-ROM• Case for transport• “Gettingstarted”leafletwithbasicinstructionsforuse• 1USBdatacable

1.2 Optional accessories

• Photocell(18,000rpm)withuprightandmagneticbaseandreflectingtape• 10m-longextensioncablefortransducers• 10m-longextensioncableforstandardphotocell• CEMBN-Prosoftwareforsaving,managingandprintingdata.

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1.3 Connections

1. sensor input2. photocell input for velocity measurement3. typeBminiUSBportforconnectiontoPC4. instrument reset button5. battery charger connector

The sensors and photocell can be connected by simply inserting the connector into the relative socket, pushing it in until a "click" is heard; make sure that the safety connection is aligned correctly, as shown in the illustration.

Toextracttheconnector,presstheterminalpart(blueoryellow)andsimultaneouslypullthemainbody(grey),toreleaseit.

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WARNING!Avoid pulling the connector with force before releasing it as described above,

otherwise there would be risk of damaging it.————————————————————————————————————————————————————


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1.4 Reset switch

Insomespecialcircumstances,CEMBcustomerservicemayadviseyoutoresettheN200instrument.Todothis,pressthebuttonlocatedonthelowerpartoftheinstrumentusingasmallobjectwitharoundedtip.Itispurposelylocatedinadifficultto access area to prevent it from being reset unintentionally.

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WARNING!In the event of an error that cannot be reset automatically, the message "Err" will be displayed on the screen

followed by the number identifying the error that occurred.Should this situation occur, the instrument must be reset manually by pressing the reset button.

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WARNING!Do not use pointed objects such as needles, punches or suchlike to press the reset button as they could damage it.

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1.5 Battery

TheN200instrumentisprovidedwithabuilt-inrechargeablelithiumbattery,whichallowsautonomyofmorethaneighthoursunder normal operating conditions of the instrument.The battery status is indicated by an icon in the upper right hand corner of the screen.

battery fully charged battery partly charged batteryalmostflat(batteryliferemainingwhenthisappearsisapprox.onehour) batteryflat:rechargewithin5minutes

Ifthebatteryisflatandtheinstrumentisnotrechargedwithin5minutesitwillswitchoff.This would interrupt any active measurements not yet saved.Whenthebatterychargerisconnectedthedisplaylightsupbrieflyindicatingtheconnection,evenwhentheinstrumentisswitchedoff.Thebatteryiconremainsanimatedwhentheinstrumentisrecharging,progressivelyfillingup.Whencharged,the animation stops and the ‘battery fully charged’ icon is shown.

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WARNING!When connecting the battery charger, first insert the connector into the relevant socket on the N200 instrument;

only plug it into the power supply socket when this has been done.When recharged, unplug the battery charger from the power supply socket before removing the connector from the instrument.

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WARNING!It is strongly recommended to recharge the battery with the instrument switched off: as recharging is completed within less than five hours such precaution prevents the battery charger from being connected for an excessively long period of time (max. 12 hours).

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WARNING!The lithium battery is able to withstand the recharging-discharging cycles, even on a daily basis, without problems but it could become damaged if allowed to be fully discharged. For this reason it is advisable to recharge the battery at least once every three months,

even in the case of extended idle period.————————————————————————————————————————————————————

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Asthedisplaybacklightingconsumesthemostpower,itswitchesoffautomaticallyafteracertainperiodoftime

(settable)haspassedwithoutpressinganykey.Pressinganykey(excluding willreactivateit).

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WARNING!Recharge the instrument before storing it if you do not intend to use it for a long period of time. In this case, remember to recharge it every 3 months: the internal clock also consumes power (even though the amount consumed is low), therefore after a long period of

disuse it is possible that the battery will be flat.Alternatively, the battery can be disconnected before storing the instrument for long periods of time: remember that in this case the date and time will need resetting the next time the instrument is used. In the case of the second hypothesis, to maximise the battery life

it should be fully charged at least every 8-9 months.————————————————————————————————————————————————————

1.6 Adjustment and calibration

BeforedeliveringtheN200instrumenttotheclient,CEMBlaboratoriessubjectittoacompleteadjustment,calibrationandtest procedure to guarantee it works correctly.

1.7 General advice

Storeandusetheinstrumentawayfromsourcesofheatandconsiderablystrongelectromagneticfields(high-powerinver-ters and electric motors).

Measurement precision can be invalidated by the connection cable between the transducer and the instrument, therefore werecommendthat:• the cable does not share the same path as the power cables;• any power cables crossed should be overlapped perpendicularly; • theshortestpossiblecableshouldbeused;infactfloatinglinesactasactiveandpassiveaerials.

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WARNING!Always pay the utmost attention during measurement operations, using suitable protective devices when possible to safeguard the operator from moving parts When not possible, always leave an adequate safety distance between them.

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2. General layout

2.1 Keypad

ThekeyboardontheCEMBN200instrumenthasalimitednumberofkeys,enoughtoguaranteeeasyandintuitiveuse.

► ON / OFF button

Pressthisbuttontoswitchtheinstrumenton;holditdownforatleast3secondstoswitchitoff,thenreleasethe button.

Afterpressing ,theinstrument’sserialnumberandtheversionofthefirmwareinstalledwillbedisplayed brieflyinthelowerpartofthescreen.Intheeventofanyproblems,takenoteofthisdatabeforecontacting CEMBcustomerservicetoenableustoprovideyouwithabetterservice.

► OK key

Inthemainscreenitconfirmstheselectionmadeandopensthecorrespondingpage. IntheSetupscreenitconfirmsthevalueoftheparameterselected. IntheVibrometerandTachometerscreensitperformsdifferentfunctions:

> itconfirmsvalueswhensettingacquisitionparameters > it stops or starts the measuring process ( START / STOP THE ACQUISITION) > when the additional functions bar is visible it is used to select the desired function

In the records screen it opens the desired function from the additional functions bar.

► BACK key

Pressthiskeytoquitthecurrentscreenandreturntothepreviousone.Itcanalsobepressedwhensettingpara- meters to end the operation without changing any values

► FUNCTION key (F)

When available, it displays the additional functions bar in the lower part of the screen.

► SET key (SET)

Inthesettingsscreenitenablesthe“edit”functionfortheparameterselected. IntheVibrometerandTachometerscreensitenablesthe“edit”functionforallofthemeasurementparameters.

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► directional arrows

They change the element selected, recognizable because displayed in negative (white on a black background), or they change the value of that which is being set.

2.2 Start / Stop the acquisition

In all the Measurement screens, the acquisition is started by pressing and is subsequently stopped by again pressing

.The acquisition enabled status is easy to identify by the presence (in the upper left hand corner of the screen, below where the channel displayed is indicated) of an arrow rotating to describe a circumference.

Inthefirstfewmomentsafterthestartofeverymeasurement,theN200instrumentcanautomaticallydeterminethemostsuitableamplificationbasedonthesignalreceivedfromthesensors.If the vibration is higher than the instrument's limits of operation ( APPENDIX A - TECHNICAL DATA), the channel saturation symbol will be displayed.

2.3 Specific additional functions for the various pages

Thespecificadditionalfunctionsavailableineachpagecanbedisplayedbypressingthe . key. A bar will appear in

the lower part of the screen, from which the desired function can be selected using the and arrows,andconfirmed

by pressing the key.

Press to quit the bar without selecting anything.

► List of peaks

When selected, this function displays a table containing the amplitudes of the highest components of the signal, with the corresponding frequency listed beside each one. Uptofivepeakvaluesarelistedindescendingorder,irrespectiveoftheirfrequency.Ifthesignalmeasurediscomposedofalowernumberofsignificantcomponents,alowernumberofpeakvalueswillbedisplayed.

Press toexitthispageandreturntothevibrometerscreen.


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► Measurement recordsWiththeN200instrument,measurementstakencaneasilybesavedinarecordcontaining24positions,identifiedbythefollowing symbol Thesizeofthevibrationmeasurementrecordsisoptimisedtocontainallofthemeasurementsforatypicalrealsituation:detection in the three orthogonal directions on four supports, before and after maintenance work on machinery composed of two elements (motor and pump, or motor and fan).

In the Vibrometer screen, press and then select the symbol , in the additional functions bar to open the cor-responding records page.Thesymbolintheupperpartidentifiestherecord,inwhichall24positionsaremarkedwiththesymbol and a sequential number;emptypositionsaremarkedbythesymbol-----,theotherscontainthedateandtimethattheircontentsweresaved,shownasDD/MM/YYHH:mm,where:• DD is the day of the month (from 1 to 31)• MM is the month of the year (from 1 to 12)• YYarethelasttwofiguresoftheyear(08for2008,09for2009,…)• HHisthetimeofday(from00to23)• mmaretheminutesofthehour(from00to59)

The position to open can be selected using the and arrows, then the additional functions bar must be displayedandoneofthefollowingoperationsmustbeselected:

• :savethemeasurementperformed. The current date and time are automatically used to identify the data recorded. . Ifthepositionselectedisalreadyinuse,beforesavingthedatathe symbolaskstheoperatortoconfirmthat

thedatashouldbeoverwritten.Press ;the ,keyinterruptsthesavingprocedureandanotherposition canbeselected.

• :load the measurements selected Loading data from the records allows the user to view results saved previously in a relevant screen, described

respectively in DISPLAYING MEASUREMENTS FROM THE RECORDS.

• :deletethemeasurementselected,emptyingtherelativepositionintherecords.

• :deleteallofthemeasurements,emptyingtherecordscompletely.

Beforedeletingdatafromtherecords,thesymbol askstheoperatortoconfirmtheoperation,whichwill

resultinthedatabeingdeleteddefinitively.Pressthe keytoconfirm;with ,thedatawillnotbe deleted.

The and keys,whichrespectivelyincreaseanddecreasethepositionselectedby3,canbeusedtoscroll throughtherecordsquickly.

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3. Home screen (menu)

AfterfullyswitchingontheN200instrument,itshowsitsHomescreen:

which,besidesshowingasetofinformation:• manufacturer logo and name of the instrument• the date and time • battery state therearetheiconsusedtoaccessthevariouspages:

Vibration measurement

Rotation velocity measurement (tachometer)

CEMBBearingAnalysis

Generalsettings(setup)

After selecting the desired page using the and arrows, press to open it.1. Vibrometer

> measurement of the total vibration value (Overall), together with the amplitude and frequency of the highest component (main peak value) > measurement of the vibration modulus and phase at the synchronous frequency at the velocity of the rotating body or itsmultiples(1xRPM,2xRPM,3xRPM,4xRPMand5xRPM)

2. Tachometer > shaft rotation velocity measurement.

3. CBA Bewaring Analysis > Bearinganalysismeasurement.

4. Setup > setting of the degree of sensitivity of sensors connected to the instrument > setting the instrument’s general operating parameters

Thedatatransferfunction,identifiedbyarelativescreen,opensautomaticallywhenaUSBcableisinsertedintotheportoftheN200instrumentandthatofaPCwhilstthefirstscreenisdisplayed.

InthisstatethePCactsasmaster,whiletheN200instrumentactsasasimpleslave,thereforepressingkeysnolongerhasanyeffect.Once the data has been transferred to the PC ( READING DATA FROM THE N100 OR N300 INSTRUMENT),disconnecttheUSBcable to return to the main panel.


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4. Setup mode

AlloftheparametersrequiredforcorrectoperationoftheN300instrumentcanbesetinthesetupscreen.Youcanscrollup

and down the list of parameters that can be set using the and arrows. The parameter selected will be displayed in white on a black background (in negative).

To edit the value press the ,key,insertthedesiredvaluewhenrequestedtodoso,thenconfirmwiththekey.To quit the edit function without changing the previous value press .

4.1 Sensor sensitivity

TheN300instrumentcanbeusedwithvarioustypesandmodelsofsensors,andthereforeforcorrectmeasurementsyou

must set theexactdegreeofsensitivity(=numberofvoltsperunit)ofthoseeffectivelyconnected.Pressthe key, to varythesensitivityofthesensorselected,varyingonefigureatatime.

The and arrowsincreaseordecreasethefigureselected(displayedinnegative)byoneunit.

Bypressing and thefigure on the left or on the right can be selected respectively.

Forbothpossibletypes:• accelerometer ACC• velocimeter VEL• displacement DIStwodifferentsensitivitylevelscanbeset,identifiedrespectivelyby“1”and“2”.

Thereforesixdifferentsensorscanbedefined:• ACC-1:accelerometer1(powered–IEPEtype)• ACC-2:accelerometer2(powered–IEPEtype)• VEL-1:velocimeter1(notpowered)• VEL-2:velocimeter2(notpowered)• DIS-1:displacementsensor1(notpowered)• DIS-2:displacementsensor2(notpowered)makingitpossibletousethesametypesofsensorsbutwithdifferentsensitivitylevels.

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Typicalsensitivityvaluesforthevarioussensorsare:

SENSOR TYPE SENSITIVITY TYPICAL VALUE

Accelerometer (ACC) mV/g 100

Velocimeter (VEL) mV/(mm/s) 21,2

Displacement (DIS) mV/µm 8————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!The sensitivity of some models may differ from the typical values shown;

make sure that the sensor is set with the correct value taken from its documentation. ————————————————————————————————————————————————————

4.2 Date ( )

ThedatemustbeenteredintheN200instrumentusingtwofiguresfortheday,twoforthemonthandtwofortheyear,inthisorder.Toassisttheoperator,thedd/mm/yyformatisdisplayedbelowthecurrentdate.New values can be entered following the same procedure as that described above for the sensitivity of the sensor.

4.3 Time ( )

TimemustbeenteredintheN200instrumentusingtwofiguresforthehours(from00to23)andtwofortheminutes(from00to59).Toassisttheoperator,thehh:mmformatisdisplayedbelowthecurrenttime.New values can be entered following the same procedure as that described above for the sensitivity of the sensor..

4.4 Units of measurement system ( )

Theunitsofmeasurementusedforacceleration,velocityandmovementvaluescanberespectively:• g; mm/s; µm: metricunits• g; inch/s; mils:imperialunits

After pressing the key, you can scroll through all of the possibilities using the and arrows.

4.5 Display brightness ( )

Thebrightnessofthedisplaycanbeadjustedtoprovideexcellentvisibilityinvariousenvironmentalconditions,frommini-

mum (no backlighting)tomaximum.Thisispossibleusingthe and arrows after having enabled the “enter

values”modeby pressing .

4.6 Backlighting auto-off time ( )

Toextendthedurationofthebatterybeforeitneedsrecharging,thedisplaybacklightingturnsoffautomaticallyafterapresetamountoftime(settablefrom1to255seconds)haspassedsincethelastkeywaspressed.Pressinganykeyreactivatesthe backlighting.

4.7 Instrument auto-off time ( )

Toextendthedurationofthebatterybeforeitneedsrecharging,theinstrumentturnsoffautomaticallyafterapresetamountoftime(settablefrom5to60minutes)haspassedsincethelastkeywaspressed.Tousetheinstrumentagain,turniton

by pressing .


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5. Vibrometer mode

Oneofthesimplest,butatthesametimemostsignificantinformationinvibrationanalysis,istheoverallvalueoftheactualvibration.Infact,thisisveryoftenthefirstparametertobeconsideredwhenevaluatingtheoperatingconditionsofamotor,fan, pump, machine tool.Appropriatetablesallowdiscriminationbetweenanoptimumstateandagoodstate,orfromanallowable,tolerable,non-permissible or even a dangerous one. ( APPENDIX B - EVALUATION CRITERIA).In some cases it may be interesting to know the synchronous vibration modulus and phase values, that is to say correspon-dingtotherotatingbody’srotationvelocity(1xRPM),oritsmultiples(2xRPM,3xRPM,4xRPM,5xRPM).The vibrometer function can be used to take this type of measurement easily and intuitively, saving the results in a special record.

5.1 Measurement settings

The settings used to measure vibration are all displayed in the Vibrometer page and can be adjusted by pressing the

key;forgreaterclarityallmeasurementresultsarehidden,withonlyadjustableparametersremainingvisible.Beforechanging the settings make sure that the channel displayed in the upper left hand corner is the one that you wish to change;

otherwise change it using the key. The parameter that can be changed is displayed in negative, by pressing the and arrows you can scroll

through all of the values that can be selected. With the and arrows,youcanmovetothepreviousornextparameter.

5.1.1 Sensortype

One of the sensors for which the sensitivity has been set must be selected ( SENSOR SENSITIVITY):• ACC-1 : type1accelerometer(powered–IEPEtype)• ACC-2 : type2accelerometer(powered–IEPEtype)• VEL-1 : type 1 velocimeter (not powered)• VEL-2 : type 2 velocimeter (not powered)• DIS-1 : type 1 displacement sensor (not powered)• DIS-2 : type 2 displacement sensor (not powered)

Whenrequired,theN200instrumentautomaticallysuppliespowertothesensorsconnected.————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!To obtain a sufficiently accurate measurement must be correctly specified the sensor effectively connected.

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5.1.2 Measurement

Indicatesthetypeofmeasurementcarriedout:• Overall:overallvibrationvalue• Synchronous measurement: valueof thesynchronouscomponentat the rotationvelocity (1xRPM)or itsmultiples

(2xRPM,3xRPM,4xRPM,5xRPM)

5.1.3 Unitsofmeasurement

Selecttheunitofmeasurementinwhichthevibrationistobeexpressed;thepossibilitiesare:• acceleration (g)• velocity(mm/sorinch/s)• movement(µmormils)

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WARNING!Displacement and speed measurements can be taken when displacement sensors are used,

however their use means acceleration measurements cannot be taken.————————————————————————————————————————————————————

5.1.4 Typeofvibration

Likeallphysicalsizes,vibrationhasavaluethatcanvaryfromonemomenttothenext;mathematicallyitcanbedescribedbyafunctionoftime.Itsoverallvaluecanthereforebecalculatedinthreedifferenttypes:• RMS (Root Mean Square):meansquarevalue the mean value of the previously squared vibration; the most commonly used, especially for acceleration or velocity

measurements.Itisadirectindicationofthevibration’s“energy”content:inpracticeitrepresentsthepowerbroughtwiththe vibration and discharged onto the supports or bases of the vibrating structure.

• PK (Peak): peak value themaximumvaluereachedbythevibrationinacertainperiodoftime.• PP (Peak-to-Peak): peak-to-peakvalue thedifferencebetweenthemaximumvalueandtheminimumvaluereachedbythevibrationinacertainperiodoftime; normally used for movement measurements.

5.1.5 Unitsoffrequency

• Indicateshowtodisplaythevelocityandfrequencies,andcanbechosenfrom:• Hz:cycles(revs)persecond• RPM:revsperminute

Therelation1Hz=60rpmclearlyexistsbetweenthetwounits.

5.2 Settings only valid for overall measurements

5.2.1 Frequencyrange

The overall vibration value usually originates from the sum of various contributions, caused by various phenomena, which arethereforeassociatedwithdifferentfrequencies.Dependingonthesituation,youmayonlywishtoconsiderthosecorre-spondingtoacertainrangeoffrequenciesinoverallmeasurement:• 1-100 Hz if the interest is limited to phenomena with low frequencies• 2-200 Hz if the interest is limited to phenomena with relatively low frequencies• 5-500 Hz if the phenomenon also involves average frequencies• 10-1000 HztocomplywiththeconditionssetforthintheISO10816-1standard(typical)


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Acommonlyusedpracticalconsiderationistocheckthatthemaximumfrequencyissettoatleast20-30timesthat oftherotationoftheshaftexamined.Thismeansthateventhehigh-frequencyzone,wherebearing-related problemsusuallyoccur,canbeincludedinthespectrum..

Otherthingsbeingequal,theselectionofalowmaximumfrequency(lessthan1000Hz)considerablylengthensthe amountoftimerequiredforacquisitionandmeasurement.

5.2.2 No.ofaverages

ShownnexttotheNsymbol,itindicatesthenumberofspectrumsthatmustbecalculatedandaveragedtoincreasethestability of the measurement. All values between 1 and 16 are acceptable, but 4 averages are more than enough for normal vibration measurements on rotating machines.

5.3 Settings for synchronous measurements only

5.3.1 Synchronousfilterwidth

Thisparameter, identifiedforhistoricalreasonsasthesynchronousfilterwidth, isdisplayednexttothesymbol and is measured as a percentage. It indicates the resolution in frequency of the synchronous analysis, or rather the instrument’s ability to separate contributions from the various frequencies. Valuesfrom1%to100%areavailable.Forexample,avalueof5%indicatesthatthecontributionofallofthefrequenciesofthe1xRPM±5%band(whichcannotbedistinguished from each other) is included in the calculation of the synchronous value.Smallervalues(orrather,narrowerfilters)producemoreaccuratemeasurements,butrequireconsiderablylongeracqui-sitiontimes.Forexample,witha1%filterandparticularlyslowrotatingbodies(60RPM)youmustwaitforafewminutesbefore completing a measurement.Tosetthisparameteryouneedtofindtherightbalancebetweenaccuracyandtime.

After setting the desired values, press toconfirmthem;orpressthe key to quit the settings without changing theexistingones.

5.4 Measurement results

On the Vibrometer page the measurement results are displayed on the screen, successfully combining the need for clarity and complete information.

5.4.1 Overallmeasurement

1. sensor connected to the channel2. measurement taken (Overall)3. number of averages4. frequency band5. vibration value, with unit and type6. amplitude and frequency of the vibration’s highest component. The more components the vibration is composed of, the

more the overall measurement will be greater than the amplitude of the dominating component. If the two values are very similar, the vibration takes on an almost sinusoidal form.

The measurement can be started and stopped by pressing .

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Valuesobtainedthiswaycanbeusedtoassessthestateofoperationoftheinstrument,using,forexample,the tablesanddiagramspresentinAppendixBofthismanual.

5.4.2 Synchronousmeasurement

1. sensor connected to the channel2. order of the harmonic measured

> 1xRPM=fundamentalharmonic(synchronouswiththerotationvelocity) > 2xRPM=secondharmonic(frequencydoubletherotationvelocity) > 3xRPM=thirdharmonic(frequencytripletherotationvelocity) > 4xRPM=fourthharmonic(frequencyfourtimestherotationvelocity) > 5xRPM=fifthharmonic(frequencyfivetimestherotationvelocity)

3. filterwidth4. vibration modulus, with unit and type5. vibrationphaseexpressedindegrees(0°÷359°)6. frequencyoftheharmonicmeasured;itcoincideswiththerotationvelocityintheeventofa1xRPMmeasurement,

otherwise it is respectively double, triple, etc.

The measurement can be started and stopped by pressing .For correct measurement ensure that the shaft velocity is stable and is read correctly by the instrument. One of the following symbols will be displayed in the event that it is not read correctly, is unstable, or is lower than the minimum value or higher thanthemaximumone( APPENDIX A - TECHNICAL DATA):

Symbol Condition What to do

velocity value not stable over time

• checkthattherotatingbodyisnotexecutinganaccelera-tionramp:otherwisewaittilltheendoftheramp

• check that the velocity of the rotating body does not oscil-lateperiodically:otherwisetakeanystepspossibletosta-bilise it

velocity signal absent, or of a value below the minimum acceptable data for the instrument

• checkthatthephotocellandreflectingstickerarepositio-ned correctly

• check that the photocell is NOT positioned in a point with excessively high vibration,whichwould prevent the lightfrombeingreflectedoffthereflectingsticker

• check that the velocity of the rotating body is above the minimumvalue:otherwiseitmustbeincreased

velocitygreaterthanthemaximumacceptable value for the instrument

• checkthatthephotocellandreflectingstickerarepositio-ned correctly (if they produce more than one impulse per turn they generate a false high speed)

• ifthevelocityoftherotatingbodyiseffectivelyhigherthanthemaximumacceptablevalueitmustbereduced


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Photocell

* Referencemark

* Rotationsense

Rememberthatinordertotakeasynchronousmeasurementyoumustconnectthephotocellandcheckthatitisposi- tionedcorrectly,followingtheseinstructions:

* applyasuitablereflectingsticker(ortag)ontherotatingbodyasapointofreference(0°). Startingfromthisposition,thecornersaremeasuredintheoppositedirectioncomparedtothat oftheshaft’srotation

* connectthephotocelltotheN200instrumentandpositionitatadistanceofbetween50and400mmfromtherotatingbody.Slowlyturntherotatingbody(ifpossiblebyhand,otherwiseasslowlyaspossible)andcheckthattheLEDpositionedonthebackofthephotocellonlylightsuponceperturn,whentherayoflightlightsupthereferencemark.Ifthatisnotthecase,movethephotocellclosertoorfurtherawayfromthepieceortiltitawayfromthesurface.

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WARNING!Take great care when positioning the photocell; as the rotating body requires manual intervention,

make sure that it is still and cannot be started up accidentally.If the rotating body cannot be rotated by hand when positioning the photocell, it should be positioned in points

in which the LED is visible without having to get too close to the moving bodies.————————————————————————————————————————————————————

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5.5 Additional functions

Pressing the key,theadditionalfunctionsbarshowsthoseavailableintheVibrometerpage:

:display of a list of peak values (only for overall measurements LIST OF PEAK VALUES)

:accesstothevibrationmeasurementrecords( NEXT PARAGRAPH).

5.5.1 Displayingmeasurementsfromtherecords

Vibrationmeasurementsloadedfromtherecordsaredisplayedinaspecialscreenlaidoutasfollows:

• Overall vibration measurement

1. position number in the measurement record2. saving date and time 3. frequencyfieldused4. number of averages5. global vibration value (Overall) with units and measurements6. value of the highest vibration component, with unit and type of measurement 7. frequency of the highest vibration component

• Synchronous vibration measurement

1. position number in the measurement record2. saving date and time 3. order K of the measured harmonic (compared to the rotation velocity)4. synchronousfilterwidth5. amplitude of the vibration with units and measurements 6. vibration phase 7. frequency of the measured harmonic (equal to K times the rotation velocity).


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6. Tachometer mode

Beforeproceedingwithmorein-depthanalysis,operatorsmaysometimesneedtodetecttherotationvelocityofoneormoreof the shafts with a high degree of precision.TheN200instrumenthasaprecisetachometerfunction,accessiblefromthemaincontrolpanel,capableofmeasuringve-locityofupto60,000rpm(1000Hz).

Thefollowinginstructionsmustbecompliedwithforcorrectrotationvelocitymeasurement:• applyasuitablereflectingstickerontherotatingbodyasapointofreference(0°).• connectthephotocelltotheN200instrumentandpositionitatadistanceofbetween50and400mmfromtherotating

body. Slowly turn the rotating body (if possible by hand, otherwise as slowly as possible) and check that the LED positio-ned on the back of the photocell only lights up once per turn, when the ray of light lights up the reference mark. If that isnot the case, move the photocell closer to or further away from the piece or tilt it away from the surface.

————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!Take great care when positioning the photocell: as the rotating body requires manual intervention,

make sure that it is still and cannot be started up accidentally.If the rotating body cannot be rotated by hand when positioning the photocell, it should be positioned in points in which

the LED is visible without having to get too close to the moving bodies.————————————————————————————————————————————————————

6.1 Measurement settings

The unit of measurement is the only element that must be set before proceeding with the measurement of angular velocity.

Press to display this parameter as a negative value, whilst the and arrows can be used to change fromHertz(Hz)torevsperminute(rpm).

Press toconfirmthenewvalue;with ,quitsthesettingwithoutchangingtheexistingvalues.

6.2 Rotation velocity measurement

As in the Vibrometer page, velocity measurement can be started and stopped by pressing and the results displayed as shown in the illustration here below.

For correct measurement ensure that the shaft velocity is stable and is read correctly by the instrument.

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One of the following symbols will be displayed in the event that it is not read correctly, is unstable, or is lower than the mini-mumvalueorhigherthanthemaximumone( APPENDIX A - TECHNICAL DATA):

Symbol Condition What to do

velocity value not stable over time

• checkthattherotatingbodyisnotexecutinganaccelera-tionramp:otherwisewaittilltheendoftheramp

• check that the velocity of the rotating body does not oscil-lateperiodically:otherwisetakeanystepspossibletosta-bilise it

velocity signal absent, or of a value below the minimum acceptable data for the instrument

• checkthatthephotocellandreflectingstickerarepositio-ned correctly

• check that the photocell is NOT positioned in a point with excessively high vibration,whichwould prevent the lightfrombeingreflectedoffthereflectingsticker

• check that the velocity of the rotating body is above the minimumvalue:otherwiseitmustbeincreased

velocitygreaterthanthemaximumacceptable value for the instrument

• checkthatthephotocellandreflectingstickerarepositio-ned correctly (if they produce more than one impulse per turn they generate a false high speed)

• ifthevelocityoftherotatingbodyiseffectivelyhigherthanthemaximumacceptablevalueitmustbereduced


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7. CBA CEMB Bearing Analysis

Rolling bearing, widely used in rotating machines, has a low vibration energy amplitude in case of damageForthisreasonitisdifficultunderstandtherealbearingconditionwithastandardanalysisinvelocityunitandplanningacorrect predictive maintenance program.First output of a damaged rolling bearing are impact metal to metal at the fundamental frequencies of the four elements (cage, ball, inner race and outer race).Any impact produce a signal at high frequency, connected to the natural bearing resonance.A correct way to measure bearing condition is the envelope of the acceleration signal acquired in a high frequency range.CEMBSpAdevelopethisCBAfunction(CEMBBEARINGANALYSIS),measuredingE(accelerationgcalculatewithanenvelope algorithm).

Itisnotpossibledefineanuniquevalueforevaluationofbearingcondition,becauseitdependonmanyfactors: bearingsupportdimension,rotationspeed,powerandloadcondition,etc.

Thecorrectwayistomonitorthevalueduringtimeandevaluatethechangecomparedtoareferencevalue(first acquisitionorafterabearingmaintenance).

Ifpossiblethevibrationmeasurementsbeingcomparedshallbetakenatthesametransducerlocationandorientation andunderapproximatelythesamemachineoperatingconditions.

BecausetheCBAfunctionmeasureinahighfrequencyrange,thesensormountingshouldbeasrigidaspossible, ensuringthatmountingproceduredoesnotinfluencethemeasuredvalue.

Thebestsolutionisathreadedmountingsensor,butforperiodicmeasurementmagneticbaseisconsideredapractical alternativeprocedure.

7.1 Measurement setting

Presstodisplaythisparameterasanegativevalue,whilsttheandtoselectACC-1orACC-2(acce-lerometer sensor is the only available for this function).Aftersettingthedesiredvalues,presstoconfirmthem;orpressthekeytoquitthesettingswithoutchangingtheexistingones.

7.2 CBA Measurement

The value on the screen display the acceleration g calculate with an Envelope algorithm.

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8. CEMB N-Pro program (optional)

DatasavedintheN100,N300andN600instrumentscaneasilybeimportedintoaPC,organisedandsavedtotheharddiskand subsequently analysed, compared, printed, etc.TheseoperationsaremadepossiblethankstoCEMBN-Prosoftware(ProfessionalEnvironmentforN-Instruments),avai-lable for Microsoft Windows operating systems. The interface has been carefully designed to make it intuitive and therefore extremelysimpletouseevenforinexperiencedusers.

Thischapterreferstothe“Ninstrument”or“Napparatus”,genericexpressionsthatreferexclusivelytothe N100,N300andN600modelswithwhichCEMBN-Prosoftwarecanbeused(communication,dataorganisation, printing,etc...).

N-ProsoftwarecannotbeusedwithotherCEMBinstruments,includingthosefromtheNrange.

8.1 System requirements

InstallationanduseoftheCEMBN-Proprogramrequires:• aprocessor:atleastIntelPentiumIV1GHz,orAthlonequivalent• memory:512MB(recommended:1GBormore)• spaceondisk:atleast400MBfreebeforeinstallation(excludingspacesubsequentlyrequiredforthedatarecords)• operatingsystem:

> MicrosoftWindows2000almenoServicePack4 > Microsoft Windows XP almeno Service Pack 2 > Microsoft Windows Vista > MicrosoftWindows7(32e64bit) > Microsoft Windows 8 and 8.1 (32 e 64 bit)

• videoresolution1024x768orbetter.

8.2 Installation of the software

InstallationoftheCEMBN-Prosoftwaremustbecarriedoutbylaunchingthesetup.exeprogram,containedintheCD-ROM,

and then clicking on the key without changing any options.

That way the software will be installed in the program directory. ————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING! (Only for N100 and N300 instruments):

During installation of the software a file will be created containing the drivers for USB communication; it is therefore important that the CEMB N-Pro software is installed before the N100 or N300 instrument

is connected to the PC, otherwise malfunctioning may occur. ————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Whenupdatingfromaversionprevioustoversion1.3.3inaWindowsVista,Windows7andWindows8operating system,thefollowingoperationsmustbecompletedbeforethesoftwarecanbeused:

* right-clickontheCEMBN-Proprogramicononthedesktop

* selectthe‘Compatibility’menu

* checkthattheoption‘Executeprograminoperatingmodefor’:hasbeendisabled

* checkthattheoption‘Executeprogramasadministrator’hasbeendisabled

* pressOK.


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8.3 Installation of drivers for USB communication with the N100, N300 instruments

(for version 1.3.4 or earlier)

DonotconnecttheNinstrumenttothePCusingtheUSBcablesupplieduntiltheCEMBN-Prosoftwarehasbeencorrectlyinstalled;afterafewsecondsthefollowingmessagewillappear:

New hardware foundUSB Serial

in the Windows application bar (lower right hand corner).The add new hardware window will then appear with the guided procedure.• When requested to authorise Windows to connect to Internet to search for the drivers• select the option ‘No, not this time’ and press ‘Next>’

• Then select ‘Install from a specific location (Advanced)’ and press ‘Next’ > again

• Enable the options ‘Search for the best driver in these paths’ and ‘Include this path in the search’. • Using the ‘Search’ button, select the ‘USB driver’ sub-folderfromtheoneinwhichtheCEMBN-Prosoftwareisinstal-

led. At this point press ‘Next’ >Attheendofthisguidedprocedure,the‘USBSerialConverter’hardwareshouldbecorrectlyinstalled.WaituntiltheWindowsapplicationbardisplaysanewmessage:

New hardware foundUSB Serial Port

andasecondFoundNewHardwareguidedprocedurewindowappears.

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Repeatexactlythesamestepstoinstallthe‘USBSerialConverter’hardware.CorrectcommunicationbetweenthePCandtheN100,N300,N600instrumentsisnowpossible.

ToinstallthesoftwareanddriverscorrectlyyoumusthaveadministratorrightsonthePCused;thisispossible whenyouloginastheAdministrator.

8.4 Installation of drivers for USB communication with the N100 and N300 instruments (for

version 1.3.5 and later only)

Asofversion1.3.5,theUSBdriversforcommunicationwiththeinstrumentsN100andN300areautomaticallyinstalledwiththeN-Proprogram.When the program has been installed, the window “FTDIChip CDM Drivers”forUSBdriverinstallationisdisplayed.ClickExtract:

When done, the window “Welcome to the Device Driver Installation Wizard!”isautomaticallydisplayed.Click Next:

Ifinstallationwassuccessful,thefollowingmessageisdisplayed:


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8.5 Activating the software

Thefirsttimethesoftwareisstartedapop-upisdisplayedcontainingthesoftware’sserialnumber(S/N)andrequestingthecorrespondingactivationcode.Thiscanbeobtainedbysendingane-mailtoCEMBcustomerservice Vibration Analysis division (www.cemb.com)specifyingthesubject:“CEMBN-Proactivationcode”andspecifyinginthemessageyourdataandtheserialnumber(S/N)asshowninthepop-up. CEMBcustomerservicewillreplybye-mailcontainingthecorrespondingactivationcode(AC).The same must be entered to complete the procedure for registration and allow the use of the software.

————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!To successfully complete registration of the CEMB N-Pro software, it must be opened by a person with administrator rights on the

PC. The program can then be opened and used by users with more limited rights————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Selecting“Registerlater”meansthesoftwarecanbeusedtemporarilywhilstwaitingtoreceivetheactivation codefromtheCEMBcustomerservice

————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!Installation of the CEMB N-Pro software requires a different activation code for every PC, each one of which requested must be from

CEMB in accordance with the procedure described above. ————————————————————————————————————————————————————

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8.6 Use of the software

ThebuttonsonthefunctionbarintheupperpartofthepageallowfullaccesstoallofthefunctionsavailableintheCEMBN-Prosoftware.Thedatarecordcontentsarealwaysvisibleontheleft,subdividedinto:

• vibration measurements (overall, or synchronous)

• balancing operations(onlyforN300instrument)

All of the remaining space is reserved for information related to the function enabled at that moment in time, as described in the following paragraphs.

8.6.1 Functionbar

Thebuttonsaregroupedtogetherinthefunctionbaraccordingtotype:

• Data storage functions:

creates a new folder

displays the contents of the upper folder

searches in the records

copies the element selected

moves the element selected

pastes the element to be copied or moved in the position displayed

deletes the element selected

renames the element selected

• Record viewing functions:

displays the element selected

editsthenotesassociatedwiththeelementdisplayed(vibrationorbalancingmeasurement).Formaximum flexibility,3differentnotescanbeassociatedtoeachelement:usersarefreetoentertheinformationde emed appropriate on a case by case basis


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generates and displays a report for the element selected

generatesanddisplaysamulti-reportfortheelementsselected

savesthereport(ormulti-report)generated

printsthereport(ormulti-report)generated

• Function for importing data from the N100 and N300 instruments:

/ starts/quitstheautomaticprocedureforimportingdatafromtheNinstrumentusingaUSBconnection

• Function for importing data from the N600 instrument:

starts theautomaticprocedureforimportingdatafromtheN600instrument(datapreviouslysavedon USBkey)

• General functions: opens the settings window

displays a panel with information related to the software (producer, version, etc...)

quits the program.

8.7 General settings

GeneraloperatingparametersfortheCEMBN-Prosoftwarecanbesetfromthiswindow,suchas:• thePCporttowhichtheNinstrumentwillbeconnectedwhichwillbeoneoftheCOMxserialsavailable,alistofwhich

canbedisplayedbyclickingonthedrop-downmenu(onlyforN100andN300instruments)

Toselecttheportcorrectly,proceedasfollows:

* withtheNinstrument(N100orN300)disconnectedfromthePC,clickonthedrop-downmenu

andselectrefresh,notingthelistofportsavailable

* connecttheNinstrument(N100orN300)tothePCandwaitforafewseconds

* clickonthedrop-downmenuagainandselectRefresh

* theportthattheinstrumenthasbeenconnectedtoistheoneaddedtothelistnoteddownpreviously.

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————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!Always connect the N instrument (N100 or N300) to the same USB port on the PC.

Otherwise it will be necessary to change the COM port number in the General Settings window,and in some cases even repeat the USB driver installation procedure.

————————————————————————————————————————————————————

• thelanguageformessageswhichcanbechosenfromadrop-downmenu: Italiano English Français Deutsch Español

• thedisplaymodeoffrequencyvaluescanbechosenusingthecheckboxasfollows: > checked:showsthefrequenciesvaluesinkHzorkRPM > unchecked:showsthefrequenciesvaluesinHzorRPM

• thepathofthebasicfolder(DB_N-Pro)ofthePC’sdatarecordswithinwhichtheprogramcreatessubfolders: > vibr:forvibrationmeasurements > bal:forbalancingdata(onlyforN300instrument)

After setting the desired values, press .

To quit the window without setting anything, press .

8.8 Reading data from the N100 or N300 instrument

AfterconnectingtheNinstrumenttothePC,checkingandifnecessarychangingtheUSBportsetting,theCEMBN-Prosoftware can be used to automatically read all of the measurements contained in the instrument’s records, by simply pres-

sing . After which, without pressing any key, wait for the message to appear marking the end of this procedure. Data readingprogressisindicatedbytheprogressivefillingupofahorizontalbar.Thisprocedurecreatesafolderinbothrecords(vibrationandbalancing)namedaccordingtothecurrentdateandtimeintheAAMMGG_hhmmssformatwhere:• AA =lasttwofiguresoftheyear• MM =monthoftheyear(01January;02February;…12December)• GG =dayofthemonth• hh =houroftheday(00…23)• mm =minutes(00…59)• ss =seconds(00…59)In this way measurements will automatically be displayed in the order in which they were imported. Users with special or advanced requirements can name the folder as desired, or copy or move all or part of its contents.

Pressing beforethetransferiscompletequitsthisoperationimmediately,thereforepreventingits completion.

Readingdatafromtheinstrumentdoesnotchangetherecordspresentintheinstrumentitself:afterchecking thattheyhavebeenimportedintothePCcorrectly,theoperatorcandeletethemfromtheinstrumentifhe wishes,asdescribedinMeasurementrecords.

BalancingdataisonlyavailablefortheN300instrument.Likewise,theN100modelonlymeasuresandrecords vibration.


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8.9 Data records imported from the N100 or N300 instrument

TheCEMBN-ProsoftwaresubdividesthedatarecordsonthePCintotwosub-folders,oneforvibrationmeasurements(symbol

) and one for balancing data ( ), which the user is then free to manage as desired.

Use the key tocreatefoldersandsub-folderstosubdividethedata,forexampleby type, date, operator, location, etc.

With the keys , and single filesor entire folders can be copied or moved. An element can be renamed or

deleted by simply pressing a button. There is also a useful search function , to facilitate the use of the measurement

records.Justinsertthename(orpart of it) of the element searched for. If more than one element matches the search criteria

entered,theywillbedisplayedinsequencebypressingthe“Findnext”button .

8.10 Reading data from the N600 instrument

AfterexportingonaUSBkeytheRoute(filenamed*.ads)onwhicharestoredthedatacollectedwithN600instrument,

connectthekeytothePCUSBport. Select the icon:apopupwillconfirmtheexportoffile*.ads:

Thisprocedurecreatesinsidethearchive“vibration”( icon) a folder, whose name varies depending on the type of the routeimported:• SoftRoute:folderandsubfoldersgenericallynamedPlant>Group>Machine>ChannelA_B,withinsideacquiredme-

asurementsnamed“YYMMDD_hhmmss.tdms”,inthespecific: > YY:lasttwofiguresoftheyear > MM:monthoftheyear(01January;02February;…12December) > DD:dayofthemonth > Hh:houroftheday(00…23) > mm:minutes(00…59) > ss:seconds(00…59)

• StrictRoute:folderandsubfoldersnamedassetwhencreatingroutethroughtsoftwareRouteManager, with inside ac-quiredmeasurementsnamed“YYMMDD_hhmmss.tdms”(seeabove,RouteSoftdescription).

Users with special or advanced requirements can name the folder as desired, or copy or move all or part of its contents.Asfordatabalancing,afterexportingthefile“Unb_Data.ini”onUSBkeyonwhicharestoredprogramssavedonN600,

connect it to the USBport of the PC. Select the iconandthepathfromwhichtogetthefilesabove.

This procedure creates in the archive “balancing”(symbol )afolder,whosenameis“YYMMDD_hhmmss”(seeabovefor nomenclatures).Inside,therewillbethesinglebalancingprograms,namedasvisibleontoN600instrument(Pxxx.N3b).

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2 3

5

4

6

1

8.11 Displaying data present in the records

Afterselectingafilefromtherecords,thecontentscanbedisplayedinaclearanddetailedmannerbypressingthe key. Thevariousdatatypeswillbedisplayedasfollows:1. spectrumgraph(notvisibledirectlyontheN100orN300instrument)2. position and value of the cursor 3. overall vibration value 4. list of peak values 5. measurement information and parameters 6. notes associated with the measurements

Overallvibrationvaluemeasurement:

8.12 Specific functions for the spectrum graphs

• Cursor The graph has a cursor that can be moved left or right one step at a time by clicking on or pressing

Byselecting , it is possible to click on the cursor directly and, by holding down the left mouse key, quickly drag it to the desired position.

• Zoom Byclicking itispossibletochoosefromvariouszoomoptions:

> (enlarge rectangle):therectangletobeenlargedcanbeselectedbyclickingononepointanddraggingthe cursor

> (zoom x):theportionofthexaxistobeenlargedcanbeselectedbyclickingononepointandmovingthecursor horizontally

> (zoomy):theportionoftheyaxistobeenlargedcanbeselectedbyclickingononepointandmovingthe cursor vertically

> (autoscale) :byclickingonthegraphtheextremesoftheaxeswillautomaticallybesettothemostsuitable values, based on that displayed

> (zoomin):clickinginonepointenlargesthezonearoundit

> (zoom out):clickinginonepointdisplaysalargerareaaroundit.


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1

2

3

4

5

• Moving the graph in the window

After having selected , it is possible to click on one point of the graph and, without releasing the mouse button, movethewholegraphwithinthewindow.Inpracticethischangestheminimumandmaximumextremesofbothaxes,withoutalteringthescale.Bydraggingthecursoroutofthewindow,thegraphreturnstothepositionitwasinpreviously.

Theminimumandmaximumvaluesoftheaxescanbemodifiedindividuallybysimplyclickingonthemandenteringa newvalueusingthekeyboard.

8.13 Synchronous vibration value measurement (only for N100 and N300 instruments)

1. amplitude of the synchronous vibration value 2. phase of the synchronous vibration value 3. frequency of the synchronous vibration value 4. measurement information and parameters 5. notes associated with the measurements

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1

2

4

7

3

5

8

6

8.14 Balancing data (only for N300 and N600 instruments)

1. type of balancing (on one or two planes) 2. value (in generic U units) and phase of the initial imbalance 3. value and phase of the initial vibration4. value(ingenericUunits)andphaseofthefinalimbalance(thatistosayafterbalancing)5. valueandphaseofthefinalvibration(thatistosayafterbalancing)6. velocity of the rotating part 7. balancing information and parameters 8. notes associated with balancing

The notes associated with each measurement can be entered or edited at any time by pressing .Thisisavalidhelpinthepost-dataanalysisstage:theusercanaddcommentsornotesrelatedtothevaluesortypeofme-asurement, but also regarding the acquisition conditions. Reminders for future work can be added, or other important notes. Forexample,inthecaseofbalancingitisrecommendedtospecifywhatphysicalunits(mg,g,kg,g• mm, g• cm, g•m…)thegeneric U units correspond to.

8.15 Generation and printing of certificates (reports)

CEMBN-Prosoftwarecanbeusedtocreateandprintcustomisedcertificatesofvibrationanalysisandbalancingresults

withextremeease. Press the key,thenselectamodel(template)forthecertificatetobegenerated.ThemodelisasimpleHTMLfilethatthesameusercancreateandcustomisetosuithisownneedsusinganyHTMLeditor.TheCEMBN-Pro program generates the report automatically replacing some preset codes in the template with the corresponding values ofthemeasurementdisplayed.Theresultisthendisplayedinawindowandthefollowingfunctionsareenabled:

• : to save the report just generated, specifying the name and position

• :toprint the report displayed, selecting a printer from those installed on the PC.

IfavirtualPDFprinterisinstalledonthePC(e.g.PDFCreator,…),selectthattoobtainacopyofthecertificate inPDFformatinsteadofahardcopy.Itcanthenbenamedandsavedontheharddiskinthedesiredlocation,so thatitcanbefiledorevensentbye-mail.Ahardcopycanbeobtainedatalaterdateifrequiredbyprintingoffa copyofthePDFdocument.

Toassistusers,theCEMBN-Proprogramincludessomeexampletemplatesthatcanbeusedasabasetocreate customisedreports.Thesemodelsarelocatedinthesub-foldernamedReportTemplatesintheN-Prodirectoryin whichtheprogramisinstalled.


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————————————————————————————————————————————————————

WARNING!If you wish to customise one of the templates present in the Report Templates folder,

it is best to save the edited model with another name or in a different folder. This is because subsequent N-Pro software updates will overwrite the templates distributed by CEMB with the program.

————————————————————————————————————————————————————

Thelistofcodesthatcanbeusedinthetemplatesandtheirmeanings,andsomesuggestionsforthecreationof customisedcertificates,aregiveninAppendixE-Listofsymbolsusedfortheinstrument.

8.16 Generating and printing multiple measurement certificates (multi-report)

Thisfunctionallowstogroupinasingledocumentaseriesofmeasurementstakenatsubsequenttimes,evenfordifferentpointsofdifferentmachines.Thecertificatecanbefullycustomisedthankstotheextensionofthetemplate concept. Prede-finedcodesformulti-reportsarecomposedoftwoparts:• the code related to the information to be replaced (identical to a single measurement report) • the sequential number of the measurement to which the code refers Thestepsforgeneratingamulti-reportareverysimple:1. use‘CTRL+click’or‘SHIFT+click’toselectmeasurementsfromthedatarecordstobeincludedinthemulti-report,

which must be contained in a single folder

2. press the button

3. select the desired template

Thedescription,listandmeaningofcodesthatcanbeusedinmulti-reporttemplatesareshownin AppendixD-Informationrelatedtothecreationofcustomisedtemplates(models)forcertificatesgeneratedby CEMBN-Prosoftware.

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AppendixA

Technical data

Instrument• Dimensions(WxLxH):84x180x52.5mm• Weight:385gincludingbattery

Operating conditions• Temperature:from-10°to+50°C• Airhumidity:from0to95%withoutcondensate

Power supply• rechargeable 1.8Ah Lithium battery• chargingtime:lessthan5hours(whenbatteryiscompletelyflat)• batterycharger:

> input:100-240VAC,50/60Hz,0.2A > output:8.4VDC,0.71A,6.0WMAX > batterylife:morethan8hoursbasedontypicaluseoftheinstrument

Display• STNmonochrome128x64pixel• LED backlit

Keyboard• on/offplus9keys

Input channels• 1measurementchannel(DCpowersupplymax5mA,automaticallyenabled/disabledaccordingtothetypeofsensor)• 1 photocell channel (velocity and angle reference)

Connectable sensors • CEMBTA-18Saccelerometer• generalaccelerometer,withamax.signalof4V-PP• 60-18,000RPMphotocell

Measurement specifications• A/Dconverter:16bitresolution• Numberofaverages:from1to16• Synchronousfilterwidth:from1%to100%• Frequencyrange:upto1kHz(60kRPM)max• FrequencyrangeforCBA(accelerationenvelopewithCBATechnology)upto10kHz• Datastoragecapacity:max10vibrationmeasurements• Instrument’slimitoferror:5%


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AppendixB

Evaluation criteria

38 N200 - Ver. 1.1 09/2017

Appendix C A rapid guide to interpreting a spectrum

TYPICAL CASES OF MACHINE VIBRATIONS

1. Preliminaryrapidguide

Measured values during controlf=vibrationfrequency[cycles/min]or[Hz]s=shiftamplitude[μm]v=vibrationspeed[mm/s]a=vibrationacceleration[g]n=piecerotationspeed[rpm]

Frequency data Causes Notes1)f=n Unbalances in rotating

bodiesIntensity proportional to unbalance, mainly in the radialdirection, increases with speed

Rotorinflection Axialvibrationssometimessensitive

Resonance in rotating bodies Critical speed near n with very high intensity

Roller bearings mounted witheccentricity

Recommend balancing the rotor on its own bearings

Misalignments Considerableaxialvibrationalsopresent,greaterthan50%ofthetransversevibration;alsofrequentcasesoff=2n,3n

Eccentricity in pulleys, gears,etc.

Whentherotationaxisdoesnotcoincidewiththegeometricaxis

Irregularmagneticfieldinelectrical machines

Vibrationdisappearswhenpoweriscutoff

Beltlengthanexactmultipleof the pulley circumference

Stroboscope can be used to block belts and pulleys atthe same time

Gearwithdefectivetooth An unbalance vibration often also intervenes

Alternating forces Second and third harmonic present

2) f ≅ n with knocking Mechanical unbalance defectsuperimposed on irregularmagneticfield

In asynchronous motors, the knocking is due torunning


39N200 - Ver. 1.1 09/2017

3) f ≅(0,40÷0,45)n Defective lubrication insleeve bearings

Faulty roller bearing cage

For high n,abovethe1°criticallevelCheck with stroboscopePrecision journal movement (oil whirl)Check for harmonics

4) f=½n Mechanical weakness inrotorSleeve bearing shells looseMechanical yield

Thisisasub-harmonic,oftenpresentbuthardlyeverimportant.f=2n,3n,4nandsemi-harmonicsalsooftenpresent

5)f=2n MisalignmentMechanical looseness

ThereisstrongaxialvibrationLoosebolts,excessiveplayinthemobilepartsandbearings,cracksandbreaksinthestructure:thereareuppergradesub-harmonics

6) fisanexactmultipleof n

Roller bearings misaligned orforced in their housingsDefective gears

Misalignmentswithexcessiveaxialplay

Rotors with blades (pumps,fans

Frequency=nxnumberofspheresorrollersCheck with stroboscopef=zn(z=numberofdefectiveteeth)Becauseofgeneralwear,teethbadlymadeifz=totalnumber of teeth

Often caused by mechanical looseness

f=nxnumberofblades(orchannels)

7)f is much greaterthann,not anexactmultiple

Damaged roller bearings

Excessivewearonsleevebearings

Beltstootight

Multiple belts nothomogeneous

Low load gears

Rotorswithbladesforfluidmanagement (cavitation,reflux,etc.)

Unstable frequency, intensity and phase. AxialvibrationCompletely or locally defective lubricationAudible screech

Characteristic audible screech

Run between the belts

Teethknocktogetherbecauseofinsufficientload;unstable vibration

Unstable frequency and intensityf=nxnumberofbladesxnumberofchannelsFrequentaxialvibration.

8) f=naturalfrequencyof other parts

Excessiveplayonsleevebearings

Beltsdisturbedbyvibrationsfrom other parts

Oil whip caused by vibrations in other partsCheck with stroboscope

Examples:eccentricorunbalancedpulleys,misalignments, rotor unbalances

9) f unstable withknocking

Multiple belts nothomogeneousBeltswithmultiplejoints

Unstable intensity

10)f=ncn≠nc

( nc=criticalspeedofshaft)Roller bearings.

For rotors above the 1st critical speed

(nr=mainsfrequency)Electric motors, generators

Harmonicsalsopresent

12) f=fc < n or f=2fc

Beltwithdefectiveelasticityin one area

fc is the belt frequencyfc=π D n / l (D=pulleydiameter;l=beltlength)

Considerableaxialvibrations,morethan10%ofthetransversevibration,maybecausedtypicallyby:• misalignment(morethan40%)

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• shaftinflection,especiallyinelectricalmotors• defective thrust bearings• elliptic eccentricity in the electric motor rotor• forces deriving from tubing• distorted foundations• wearinstuffingboxseals,etc.• rotor side rubbing• defective radial bearings• defective coupling• defective belts.

2. Typicalspectraofvibrationsrelatedtothemostcommondefects

Thespectraareinanindicativegraphicform.TheN600equipmentproducesadifferentformofgraph.

Thefollowingarethespectraoftypicalvibrations,causedbythemostcommondefectsfoundinpracticalexperience.

CPM =shaftrotationspeedinrpmUNBALANCE

MISALIGNMENT

MECHANICAL LOOSENESS/PLAY


41N200 - Ver. 1.1 09/2017

BELT

GEARS

SLEEVE BEARINGS

ROLLER BEARINGS

42 N200 - Ver. 1.1 09/2017

Θ⋅

−⋅ cos

PDBDS=FTF 1

2

Θ⋅

−⋅⋅ cos

PDBDNS=BPFO 1

2

Θ⋅

⋅⋅ cos

PDBD+NS=BPFI 1

2

Θ⋅

−⋅

⋅

2

12

cosPDBD

BDPDS=BSP

Θ⋅

+⋅ cos

PDBDS=FTF 1

2

Θ⋅

−⋅⋅ cos

PDBDNS=BPFO 1

2

ELECTRIC MOTORS

3. Formulaeforcalculatingtypicalbearingdefectfrequencies

SYMBOLS:

FTF = housing frequencyBPFO = defect on outer trackBPFI = defect on inner trackBSP = defect on roller/ball

Thefrequenciesofbearingscanbecalculatedifweknow:S =numberofshaftrpmPD =primitivediameterBD =ball/rollerdiameterN =numberofballs/rollersΘ =angleofcontact

Themostcommoncase:

a - fixed external ring (rotating internal ring)

b - rotating external ring(fixedinternalring)


43N200 - Ver. 1.1 09/2017

Θ⋅

⋅⋅ cos

PDBD+NS=BPFI 1

2

Θ⋅

−⋅

⋅

2

12

cosPDBD

BDPDS=BSP

Approximate calculation formulae (± 20%)

FTF =0.4xS(a)or0.6xS(b)BPFO =0.4xNxS(a)or(b)BPFI =0.6xNxS(a)or(b)BSP =0.23xNxS(N<10)(a)or(b) =0.18xNxS(N≥10)(a)or(b)

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Appendix D

Information related to the creation of customised templates (models) for certificates generated by CEMB N-Pro software

Numeric codes

Whenthecertificateiscreated,theCEMBN-Prosoftwareautomaticallyreplacessomeofthedefaultcodesinthetemplate(#x#format)withcorrespondinginformationrelatedtothemeasurementsdisplayedatthetime.

Toensuretheyarereplacedcorrectly,onlythefollowingcodesshouldbeused:

#1# Current date

#2# Current time

#3# Note number 1 added to the measurement

#4# Image of the spectrum graph for channel A

#5# ImageofthespectrumgraphforchannelB

#6# Name of the measurement

#7# Pathofthefilecontainingthemeasurement

#8# SerialnumberoftheN100orN300instrument

#11# Type of measurement (Pk, PP, RMS)

#12# Type of sensor connected to channel A

#13# TypeofsensorconnectedtochannelB

#14# Measurement(overall,1xRPM,2xRPM,…)

#15# Number of averages (only for overall measurement)

#16# Synchronousfilterwidth,expressedasa%(only for synchronous measurements or balancing)

#17# Maximumfrequencymeasured(onlyforoverallmeasurement)

#18# Number of lines in the spectrum



#48# Model of apparatus used to take the measurement (N100,N300)


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#49# N100orN300apparatusfirmwareversion

#50# Frequency and velocity units of measurement

#51# Date on which the measurement was taken

#61# Time at which the measurement was taken

#301# Totalvibrationvalue(overall)-channelA

#302# Totalvibrationvalue(overall)-channelB

#311# Synchronousvibrationvalue-channelA

#312# Synchronousvibrationvalue-channelB

#321# Synchronousvibrationphase-channelA

#322# Synchronousvibrationphase-channelB

#331# Synchronousvibrationfrequency-channelA

#332# Synchronousvibrationfrequency-channelB

#351# Unitsofmeasurementforvibration(g,mm/s,µm,…)

#401# Vibrationpeak1frequency–channelA


#...# Vibrationpeak…frequency–channelA


#426# Vibrationpeak1value–channelA


#...# Vibrationpeak…value–channelA


#451# Vibrationpeak1frequency–channelB

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#...# Vibrationpeak…frequency–channelB


#476# Vibrationpeak1value–channelB


#...# Vibrationpeak…value–channelB


#601# Initial unbalance value on plane P1 (in U units)

#602# InitialunbalancephaseonplaneP1(indegrees°)

#603# Initial vibration value on plane P1

#604# InitialvibrationphaseonplaneP1(indegrees°)

#605# Current(final)unbalancevalueonplaneP1(inUunits)

#606# Current(final)unbalancephaseonplaneP1(indegrees°)

#607# Initial unbalance value on plane P2 (in U units)

#608# InitialunbalancephaseonplaneP2(indegrees°)

#609# Initial vibration value on plane P2

#610# InitialvibrationphaseonplaneP2(indegrees°)

#611# Current(final)unbalancevalueonplaneP2(inUunits)

#612# Current(final)unbalancephaseonplaneP2(indegrees°)

#613# Balancingspeed

In the case of multi-reports(certificatesproducedbygroupingtogetherdatafromNdifferentmeasurements)#x-y#formatcodesmustbeused,where:• x:numericcodelistedintheprevioustable• y:sequentialnumberofthemeasurementofwhichthemulti-reportiscomposed(1,2,…N) Forexample:

> #6-1#:nameofmeasurementNo.1ofthemulti-report > #11-2#:typeofmeasurementNo.2ofthemulti-report > …


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Suggestionsforcustomisingcertificates

TheHTMLmodel(template)usedtocreatethecertificatesleavesclientsfreetocustomisethecertificatesdistributedbyCEMBtogetherwiththeprogram,ortocreatenewonesasdesired.Clientswithspecialrequirementscaninsertlogosorimages and change the size and colour of the wording themselves.AsthesetemplatesareHTMLdocumentstheyshouldbecreatedoreditedusingappropriateprogramsknownasHTMLedi-tors.Theyareusedinasimilarmannertonormalwordprocessingprograms(MicrosoftWord,OpenofficeWriter,etc),withtheexceptionthatdocumentsaregeneratedandsaveddirectlyinHTMLformat;thismeansthatthedocument’sgraphicappearance remains unaltered when saved. On the contrary, if a word processing program is used and the document is thensavedinHTMLformat,thealignment,spacing,sizes,etcmaybealteredafterbeingconvertedandsavedandthefinalHTMLmodelmaynotturnoutexactlyasdesired.UsersofMicrosoftWord2000orhigherwillhaveexperiencedthissituationfrequently.

VariousHTMLeditorsareavailable,including:• KompoZer: multilingual,itcanbedownloadedfreeofchargefromthewebsitehttp://www.kompozer.net/• W3CAmaya: multilingual,itcanbedownloadedfreeofchargefromthewebsitehttp://www.w3.org/Amaya/• MozillaComposer: multilingual,partoftheMozillaSeamonkeysuite,itcanbedownloadedfreeofchargefromthe website http://www.seamonkey-project.org/• AdobeDreamweaver: multilingual,availableatacost.

Toassistusers,KompoZerisincludedintheCDtogetherwiththeCEMBN-Prosoftware.

CreationofcertificatesinPDFformat

TogeneratecertificatesinPDFformat,installavirtualPDFprinteronthePCandselectitafterpressingthe key in the CEMBN-Prosoftware.If you do not yet have this type of printer, PDFCreator can be installed, which can be downloaded free of charge from the website http://sourceforge.net/projects/pdfcreator/OnceinstalledanewprinternamedPDFCreatorwillbedisplayedinthe‘Printersandfax’windowalongsidetherealprintersconnected to the PC.

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AppendixE

List of symbols used for the instrument

Functions accessed from the main screen

vibration measurement (vibrometer)

balancing

instrument’s operating parameter settings

Functions accessed from the additional functions bar

open the recorded measurements page

display a list of the highest vibration peaks present

openthecalibrationprocedure(self-learning)forthecurrentbalancingoperation

openthecalibrationprocedure(self-learning)foranewbalancingoperation

valueoftestmassusedinthecurrentself-learningstepofthebalancingoperation

angularpositionoftestmassusedinthecurrentself-learningstepofthebalancingoperation

save the current measurement in the records

load and display the measurement selected from the records

delete the measurement selected from the records

empty the records (delete all measurements)

Operating parameters

accelerometer1,oraccelerometertype1(intheeventthattherearetwodifferenttypes)

accelerometer2,oraccelerometertype2(intheeventthattherearetwodifferenttypes)

velocimeter1,orvelocimetertype1(intheeventthattherearetwodifferenttypes)

velocimeter2,orvelocimetertype2(intheeventthattherearetwodifferenttypes)

current date


49N200 - Ver. 1.1 09/2017

current time

unit of measurement to be used for physical sizes

display backlighting intensity

timeafterwhichthedisplaybacklightingturnsoffautomatically,calculatedfromwhenthe lastkey ispressed

timeafterwhichtheinstrumentturnsoffautomatically,calculatedfromwhenthelastkeyispressed

Measurement information

measurementinprogress/takenonchannelA

measurementinprogress/takenonchannelB

sensorconnectedtothechanneldisplayed:theinstrumentenablesthechannelformeasurement

sensornotconnectedtothechanneldisplayed:theinstrumentdisablesthechannel(doesnottakethemeasurement)

overall vibration value

number of measurements averaged for calculation of the overall vibration

synchronous vibration value at the rotation velocity

synchronous vibration value at the third harmonic of the rotation velocity

synchronousfilterwidth

vibrationexpresseding(1g=9.81m/s2)

vibrationexpressedinmm/s

vibrationexpressedinµm(1µm=10-6m)

vibrationexpressedininch/s(1inch/s=25.4mm/s)

vibrationexpressedinmils(1mil=25.4µm)

measurementoftheeffectivevibrationvalue

measurement of the peak vibration value

measurementofthepeak-peakvibrationvalue

frequencyandvelocityexpressedinrevsperminute(RPM)

frequencyandvelocityexpressedinrotationspersecond(Hz)

channel disabled (measurement not taken)

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vibrationexceedstheinstrument’smaximummeasurementlimit

amplitude and frequency of the vibration’s highest component

signal indicating no velocity, or velocity below the minimum allowed value

velocityexceedsthemaximumallowedvalue

unstable velocity

single-planebalancing(static)

two-planebalancing(dynamic)usingtwosensors

two-planebalancing(dynamic)usingasinglesensorpositionedonplaneP1orP2,respectively

correction for addition of material

listofstepsintheself-learningprocedureforbalancingoperations

current calibration step indicator

calibrationsteptobeexecuted

calibrationstepexecuted

testmassusedforself-learning

Specific symbols used for data loaded from the records

vibration measurement records

balancing records

display the measurement saved in position 3 of the records

overall vibration value

amplitude of the vibration’s highest component

frequency of the vibration’s highest component

unbalance of the rotating body

initialunbalanceoftherotatingbody(firstcalibrationspin)andresidualunbalance(endofbalancing)

Operator messages

press OK to start the measurement

pressOKtoconfirmdataoverwritingoranyotherkeytoquit


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pressOKtoconfirmthepreviouslyselectedoperationoranyotherkeytoquit

measurementinprogress:awaitcompletion

measurementprocessactive:pressOKtostopitwhenyouwishtoaccepttheresult

connectiontoPCactive:starttheCEMBN-Prosoftwaretotransferthedata

Battery status

battery fully charged

battery partly charged

batteryalmostflat

batteryflat:rechargewithin5minutes

AppendixF

Errors indicated on the display

Short description of possible errors reported on the display. Please note that all errors require

CEMB assistance intervention.

Err 1 problem in the display driver

Err2/3/4 problemintheinternalflashmemory

Err5 problemUSBcommunicationwiththePC

Err16/17 problems in the supply voltages of the electronic board

Err32÷63 malfunction of DSP

bearing analysis - cemb€¦ · n200 - v. 1.1 09/2017 9 2. general layout 2.1 keypad the keyboard...

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