beau lotto: optical illusions show how we see · 2020-03-19 · beau lotto: optical illusions show...
TRANSCRIPT
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Beau Lotto: Optical Illusions Show How We See
• What is the background of the presenter, what do they do?
• How does this talk relate to psychology? What topics does it address? Be specific.
• Describe in great detail the contents of the talk. Be sure to give at least 3 specific examples or things said from the talk.
• What did you learn from this Ted talk and how can it be applied to your everyday life?
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Sensation a process by which our sensory
receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energy
Perception a process of organizing and interpreting
sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
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Sensation
Bottom-Up Processing
analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information
We use the features on the object itself to build a perception.
Top-Down Processing
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes
as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
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Perception
The process of organizing and interpreting information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.
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Figure Ground Relationship
Our first perceptual decision is what is the image is the figure and what is the background.This is considered the most basic perceptual organization.
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Perceptual Organization:
Gestalt
Visual Capture
tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
McGurk Effect - is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound.This best illustrates the concept of sensory interaction.
Gestalt--an organized whole
tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes
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PerceptualOrganization:
Grouping Principles
Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
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PerceptualOrganization:
Grouping Principles
Impossible doghouse
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Perceptual Organization-
Gestalt
z Grouping Principles
y proximity- group nearby figures together
y similarity- group figures that are similar
y continuity- perceive continuous patterns
y closure- fill in gaps
y connectedness- spots, lines and areas are seen as unit when connected
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PerceptualOrganization-
Grouping Principles
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PerceptualOrganization:
Closure
Gestalt grouping principles are at work here.
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
z Depth Perception
y ability to see objects in three dimensions
y allows us to judge distance
z Binocular cues
y retinal disparity
x images from the two eyes differ
x closer the object, the larger the disparity
y convergence
x neuromuscular cue
x two eyes move inward for near objects
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Binocular Cues
We need both of our eyes to use these cues.
Retinal Disparity (as an object comes closer to us, the differences in images between our eyes becomes greater.
Convergence (as an object comes closer our eyes have to come together to keep focused on the object).
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Perceptual Organization:
Depth Perception
Illusory Depth
Explanation
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
Visual Cliff
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
Monocular Cues
relative size
smaller image is more distant
interposition
closer object blocks distant object
relative clarity
hazy object seen as more distant
texture coarse --> closefine --> distant
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
Monocular Cues (cont.)
relative height
higher objects seen as more distant
relative motion
closer objects seem to move faster
linear perspective
parallel lines converge with distance
relative brightness
closer objects appear brighter
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
Relative Size
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
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Perceptual Organization-
Depth Perception
Perspective Techniques
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Perceptual Organization
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Ponzo Illusion
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Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Constancy or Shape Constancy
perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal image change
color
shape
size
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Perceptual
Interpretation
Perceptual Adaptation
(vision) ability to adjust to an artificially displaced visual field
prism glasses
Upside – Down Glasses
Perceptual Set
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
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Perceptual Set:
Schemas
What you see in the center is influenced by perceptual set
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Perceptual Set:
Schemas
Flying Saucers or Clouds?
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Perceptual Organization:
Muller-Lyer Illusion
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Perceptual Organization-
Brightness Contrast
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Perceptual Illusions- Ames
Room
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Perceptual Illusions
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Perceptual Organization-
Size-Distance Relationship