Beginning of the War• NO GUIDED NOTES THIS CHAPTER, NOTEBOOK CHECK ON WEDNESDAY, MUST TAKE

NOTES• A New Kind of War

– Main Ideas:• What are the military advantages and disadvantages of both the Union and Confederacy?• What changes ion warfare took place during the civil war?• Why did North think it would be a short war?• What was the importance of the border states?

– Do Now:• Packet page 2 read the Biography on Robert E. Lee and answer the questions, answer

the 2 questions with the political cartoon.– Topics:

• Start of the War• Advantages and disadvantages• Border States• War strategy

• Lincoln Calls out Militia– Called for 75,000 militia

for 90 day service– Most believed the war

would be short• Southern states refused

• Southern states secede rather than fight against Southerners

• Robert E Lee chose to lead

the CSA army instead of the US Army

VirginiaApril 17 1861

ArkansasMay 6 1861

North CarolinaMay 20 1861

TennesseeMay 7 1861

V i r g i n i a

M a r y l a n d

Mason Dixon LineMaryland was very important to the

United States

Arrested all pro-southern lawmakers

Maryland Legislature then voted on whether to secede

Maryland voted to stay in Union

North vs SouthStrengths

Union

• 22 million people

• Most mineral, factory and naval resources

• Abraham Lincoln– convinced north of need

to fight to save democracy and union

Confederacy

• 9 million people

• Had better and experienced generals

• Were on defensive– shorter supply lines, more

motivation (defending their homes)

North vs SouthStrategy

Union

• Conquer south and return them to Union

• Conquer South by destroying economy– capture Mississippi river

and blockade coast

Confederacy

• Only needed to outlast north

• Avoid large battles and hope north tire of fighting

• South withheld cotton from world– Hoped to force Britain and

France to ally with CSA• There was too much cotton in

1861– Europe didn’t need CSA

cotton– CSA plan to get Europe to

join war failed

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Rating the North & the Rating the North & the SouthSouth

Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861Slave/Free States Slave/Free States Population, 1861Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Railroad Lines, Railroad Lines, 18601860

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

Resources: North & the Resources: North & the SouthSouth

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

The Union & Confederacy in The Union & Confederacy in 18611861

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Men Present for Duty Men Present for Duty in the Civil Warin the Civil War

Ohio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military ServiceOhio Military Service

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

Soldiers’ Soldiers’ Occupations: Occupations: North/South North/South CombinedCombined

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

ImmigrantImmigrantss

as a as a %%of a of a

State’sState’sPopulationPopulation

inin18601860

Decisive Victory Strategy

Union

• Decisive Victory needed to destroy Confederate army

to win

Confederacy

• Decisive Victory needed to ruin north’s fighting

spirit and impress Europeans to join

war

Resulted in large battles with high numbers of casualties

Beginning of War

•North unprepared -- no experience with

guns or horses

•South had been preparing

•No standard uniform – caused confusion as to who was fighting

Women in the WarWomen joined to cook and take care of men

Women passed as men to fight in the war

Women served as nurses

Worked farms and businesses at home

Clara Barton

Served as a nurse during war

Created aid society to support soldiers

Elizabeth Blackwell

Created Soldiers Aid SocietyInspected health conditions of hospitals in war

Anaconda Plan• Winfield

Scott’s plan to strangle South with blockade and land invasions

• Designed to have a quick war

Naval War

Union blockaded the South

As war continued blockade became more effective

USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack)

Both were iron clad ships

Battle was a draw

Emancipation Proclamation

Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863

Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values

Emancipation Proclamation

Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?

Freeing slaves in South seen as military action

As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions

Can’t free slaves in north because of Constitution

Government can’t take property without due process

1• Emancipation

Proclamation does NOT abolish ALL slavery in US

• Why Not?

– Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede

– Lincoln hoped Confederate states would stop fighting and return to the Union

Does Lincoln have authority to make Emancipation Proclamation?

No

• Confederates created an independent nation

• Lincoln has no more authority to pass laws in the CSA than he does to pass laws in Canada

Yes

• US is fighting an internal civil war– Lincoln keeps authority

over the south

• If it is a civil war– European nations are not

allowed to join the war– North should not blockade

the South

Black Americans Join Up• Emancipation Proclamation

also allows blacks into US Army

• Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties

• Used them for support work

• 54th Massachusetts – Glory

Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee

General McClellan

General Burnside

Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to

Lee

General Hooker

Fired after Chancellorsville

for losing to Lee

Union Generals

General Meade given control of Union Army

• Union losses decrease the North’s will to fight

• North cannot get enough volunteers for it’s army

• Congress implements a draft

Draft Riots in NY • northerners opposed to being

forced into fighting

– Copperheads – Northern Democrats

who want peace with South

Summer 1863 Lee goes north again--- Out of supplies--- Wanted to force peace

Blue

Ridge

M

ount

ains

Pender

Heth

Buford

Confederates attack Buford’s Cavalry at Cemetery Hill near

Gettysburg

Pickett’s Charge

15,000 Confederate soldiers attack Union positions

Confederates make it to Ridge, but are driven back

Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy

Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War

Confederates never go on the offensive again

Meade does not pursue Lee

Gettysburg Address

Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a military cemetery in Gettysburg

States that the Union is fighting to save democracy for the World

Gettysburg Address

“It is … for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us … that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain --- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”

Battle of Vicksburg

• Union wanted to divide South at Mississippi River

• Union had total control except Vicksburg MS and New Orleans

• Grant wins and gets complete control of Mississippi for Union

Total War• Sherman’s March to the Sea

– Begins September 1864– Sherman led his army from Tennessee to

Atlanta

• Destroy not only army of enemy but homes, factories, farms

– wanted to destroy the will of the people to fight

• Sherman used total war on his march to the sea

• “We are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.”

• Lee becomes surrounded in Virginia

• Decides to surrender to Grant on April 9 1865

Appomattox Courthouse• Grant accepts Lee’s surrender

• Terms are generous– soldiers kept homes, horses, land and

were given food

Assassination of Lincoln

• John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at Fords theater in Washington DC

• Booth was captured and killed

• Lincoln died on April 15, 1865

• First President to be assassinated

• People who helped Booth escape were executed

Results of the Civil War

Casualties of the War

Slaves were freed

Nation is more important than States

People start identifying themselves as American

Manufacturing and Industrial industries expanded during and after the war

Results of the Civil War

Income tax created to pay

for war Federal Government grew in size and power

Land for Homesteads in

WestTranscontinental

Railroads

State Universities were created