behavioral research where to start? chapter two. introduction where do scientists get research...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Behavioral ResearchWhere to Start?
Chapter Two
![Page 2: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous
studies. Observation of the World around us
Kitty Genovese-Helping Behavior Hitler-Blind Obedience
Common Sense Practical Problems Theories
![Page 3: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Theories
Two Important Functions of theories:
. 1. Organize and explain a variety of facts or descriptions of behavior.
2. Generate new knowledge by focusing our thinking so that we notice new aspects of behavior
.
![Page 4: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Initial Phase of research: Hypothesis
Hypothesis-tentative idea stated in formal terms that two or more variables are related to each other. Ex: Crowding results in reduced performances on cognitive tasks. Hypothesis should have three elements Correspondence with Reality-the extent to which the
hypothesis agrees with accepted truths and known facts. Combination of coherence and Parsimony- the hypothesis
should make sense ( coherent) and should be straightforward and simple (parsimony).
Falsifiability- hypothesis must in principle have the ability to be refuted.
![Page 5: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Prediction
After the hypothesis is formulated, the researcher would make a prediction concerning the outcome of the experiment. Ex: Participants in the un-crowded condition will perform better on the tasks than participants in the crowded condition.
Results of the study have to be phrased in a specific way. If the results of the experiment are as predicted we say our hypothesis is supported ( not proven); if the experiment results go against our prediction we do not say it was disproven, wrong, etc. We would state the results do not support the current hypothesis. ….WHY?
![Page 6: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Library Research
Before Conducting any research, an investigator must have a thorough knowledge of previous research findings.
Sources of Research: Professional Journals Psychological Abstracts Internet Searches PsycINFO
![Page 7: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Basic steps involved in Scientific research and reporting
Posing a question-Hypothesis---Introduction
Developing procedures to answer the question-Methods
Planning for, and then making, appropriate empirical observations-Conducting the experiment-Results
Rationally interpreting the empirical observations-Conclusion
![Page 8: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
PsychINfO
APA computer database system of Psych Abstracts
Available on the www, usually through the library system.
Updated weekly, covers from 1800-present
Good place to start, however the full article may be needed.
![Page 9: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
PsychINFO Search
Usually begins with a box for Search term or phrase
Testing Depression and Exercise Best to be as specific as possible first or
you will pull up too many citations. EX: Type in: the effects of exercise on
depression or exercise as a depression treatment.
![Page 10: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The use of “and”, “or” and “not”
To use these operators you must be in PsychINFO Advanced search or Google
Use of AND: forces both conditions to be included. If you type in depression and anxiety, you will get all hits on depression and all hits on anxiety.
Advanced Search: Depression AND Anxiety will only list references that include both.
![Page 11: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PsychINFO
Or: Advanced search-when first search was too narrow
Depression OR Major Depressive Disorder Or Melancholia will include all of these words that could describe depression.
NOT: If you want to include some things and not others: Depression NOT Manic Depressive Disorder.
![Page 12: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Other Electronic Resources
Medline PubMed PsycARTICLES (
http://www.apa.org/psycarticles) Scholar Google
![Page 13: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Evaluating Web Information
Is the site associated with a major educational institution? If the site is sponsored by a single individual or organization it should be viewed with skepticism.
Check credentials of those providing information: “Sam’s view on Depression” is probably not very credible.
Do links lead to legitimate organizations? Is the information current?
![Page 14: Behavioral Research Where to Start? Chapter Two. Introduction Where do scientists get research ideas? Past Research- published findings of previous](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022082422/56649ea15503460f94ba42ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Anatomy of a Research Article
Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion