behaviorism
DESCRIPTION
This is a detailed Power Point on Behaviorism and all its contents, as well as a discussion on how to combine technology in trying to teach in a Behavioral way.TRANSCRIPT
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Behaviorism
Group Three
Chelsey McCurdyErin Seo
Celeste MortellaroBreanna CookseyHayley FriedmanTaran Haecherl
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Behaviorism
• Behaviorism is the prediction and control of human behavior in which introspection and/or independent thinking play no essential part of its teaching methods.
• Behaviorism came into vogue during a period of time that coincided with the industrial revolution called modernism in which everything of value (including learning) was measured solely in terms of science.
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Behaviorism Continued
• To a behaviorist, human learning is purely an objective and experimental branch of natural science. There is no internal cognitive processing of information.
• Behaviorists recognize that man and animals both learn to behave through a system of positive and negative rewards, called conditioning.
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B.F. Skinner
• He became a well known behaviorist.
• He developed the "behavioral technology" that portrayed the his later principles of "behavior control."
Image Source: http://www.skeptically.org/skinner/id3.html
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B.F. Skinner continued
• He developed many experiments including the Skinner Box or Operant Chamber, shaping behavior procedure, reinforcers, reinforcement schedules, and operant conditioning.
• He truly believed external forces shaped behavior.
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Image source: http://shs.westport.k12.ct.us/jwb/Psychology/LearnIntell/SkinnerBox.htm
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Operant Conditioning
• Operant conditioning describes learning that is controlled and results in shaping behavior through the reinforcement of stimulus-response patterns.
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• 1) Positive reinforcement (reinforcement): occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus that is rewarding, increasing the frequency of that behavior.
• In the Skinner box experiment, a stimulus such as food or sugar solution can be delivered when the rat engages in a target behavior, such as pressing a lever.
Four Contexts of Operant Conditioning
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Four Contexts of Operant Conditioning Continued
• 2) Negative reinforcement (escape): occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus, thereby increasing that behavior's frequency.
• In the Skinner box experiment, negative reinforcement can be a loud noise continuously sounding inside the rat's cage until it engages in the target behavior, such as pressing a lever, upon which the loud noise is removed.
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Four Contexts of Operant Conditioning Continued
• 3) Positive punishment (punishment): occurs when a behavior is followed by a stimulus, such as introducing a shock or loud noise, resulting in a decrease in that behavior.
• 4) Negative punishment (penalty): occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus, such as taking away a child's toy following an undesired behavior, resulting in a decrease in that behavior.
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Image source: "Norway Rat," The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Mammals, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. New York, 1991, picture 140, description p. 512.
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What the teacher does under this theory (with and without technology)
• The teacher can set up a reward system in order to have students efficiently accomplish a task or behave in a desired mannerism.
• Examples: give out prizes, homework passes, points towards treasure box, give special computer time with fun educational software and games (Jump Start to…)
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What the students do under this theory (with and without technology)
• The students are conditioned to respond when they are given a particular stimulus or motivator, which causes them to behave in the desired manner. Students learn consequences, and the concept of reward and punishment.
• Examples: Taking away recess time• Educational software: giving students reinforcement
for items done correctly (coins, points, tokens, encouraging sayings)
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What do you think about the theory for your own teaching
• This theory is very effective; students are reinforced for good behavior, which encourages them to continue that certain behavior.
• Also it sets up a system of rewards that prompts them to behave in a certain way so the students know exactly what is expected of them and what they should expect if they do not respond in the appropriate way.