Bell Ringer

Name:

2/25/2009

What’s your favorite song and artist?

Response

Newton’s Cooling LabNewton's Cooling

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Homework Answers

2. A room temperature metal is a better conductor than the room temperature paper, wood or cloth.

3. A conductor transfers heat quickly and an insulator transfers heat slowly

4. Materials such as wood, fur, feathers and snow are not tightly packed and air can occupy the empty spaces and air is a good insulator.

7. Costal winds change direction because land is warmer than the water during the day and warm air rises allowing dense air from water to slip underneath. At night the process reverses and the wind direction changes.

Homework Answers

8. Gas is compressed and temperature increases; Gas expands and temperature cools (molecules move further apart and collide less frequently)

11. Higher temperatures produce shorter wavelengths (sun and UV), cooler temperatures produce longer wavelengths (fire and infrared)

12. A good absorber of radiant energy appears black because it absorbs visible radiant energy and so appear black in color.

13. Eye pupils appear black because they are almost perfect absorbers of visible light and reflect very little.

Homework Answers

16. The red hot poker in a hot fire will have the lower rate of cooling than the red hot poker in a cool room because the temperature difference is smaller.

18. Terrestrial radiation is the radiant energy naturally emitted by Earth.

19. The sun in a hot object and produces short waves, Earth’s temperature is cooler than the sun so it produces longer waves.

20. A. The greenhouse effect lets energy through in one direction, only the short waves pass back out.

20. B. Earth; The waves must pass through both the atmosphere and glass before they get to the greenhouse.

Homework Answers

Extra credit:

26.Coal dust is a good absorber and then emitter of radiant energy and melts the snow.

Test Review #1

• Explain why white clothing helps keep us cool, whereas black clothing helps to warm us. Which is the better reflector? Which is the better absorber?

Test Review #1

• Explain why white clothing helps keep us cool, whereas black clothing helps to warm us. Which is the better reflector? Which is the better absorber?– White clothing reflects all colors of light and absorbs

very little of the light. It also reflects infrared radiation. Since the energy of the infrared and light radiation is reflected away, we are not warmed by it. Black clothing absorbs almost all of the radiation that falls on it, infrared as well as light. The energy absorbed by black clothing is felt as heat and warms us.

Test Review #2

• Write a few sentences about the differences between conduction and convection. Give examples of each.

Test Review #2

• Write a few sentences about the differences between conduction and convection. Give examples of each.– Heat conduction occurs when a warmer electron, atom, or

molecule bumps into a cooler electron, atom, or molecule, transferring kinetic energy. This particle, in turn, bumps into the next particle and in effect transfers kinetic energy even further, and so on. Convection occurs when the warmer atom or molecule actually travels to another place in space. Whereas conduction occurs primarily in solids, convection occurs in fluids -- liquids or gases. When cold water is poured into hot soup, the water soon spreads by convection to all parts of the mixture. When a spoon is placed in the hot soup, the whole spoon becomes hot by conduction.

Test Review #3

• Explain why putting a dented Ping-Pong ball in a pot of boiling water will help remove the dent.

Test Review #3

• Explain why putting a dented Ping-Pong ball in a pot of boiling water will help remove the dent.– As air inside the ball is heated, it expands and

pushes outward on the dented ball. Often a dented Ping-Pong ball can be put back in a rounded shape this way.

Test Review #4

• The rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

• True or False

Test Review #4

• The rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

• True or False– True

Test Review #5

• All objects with any temperature at all radiate energy.

• True or False

Test Review #5

• All objects with any temperature at all radiate energy.

• True or False– T

Test Review #6

• The absorption effect is the name given to the process whereby long-wavelength radiation enters a house through the windows, is absorbed and reradiated by objects in the house, and is unable to be retransmitted through the windows.

• True or False

Test Review #6

• The absorption effect is the name given to the process whereby long-wavelength radiation enters a house through the windows, is absorbed and reradiated by objects in the house, and is unable to be retransmitted through the windows.

• True or False– F

Test Review #7

• Heat transfer by means of atoms moving from place to place is conduction.

• True or False

Test Review #7

• Heat transfer by means of atoms moving from place to place is conduction.

• True or False– F

Test Review #8

• A good emitter of heat is also a good reflector of heat.

• True or False

Test Review #8

• A good emitter of heat is also a good reflector of heat.

• True or False– F

Test Review #9

• Materials that are poor heat conductors are insulators.

• True or False

Test Review #9

• Materials that are poor heat conductors are insulators.

• True or False– T

Test Review #11

• Winds and weather patterns are good examples of radiation currents.

• True or False

Test Review #11

• Winds and weather patterns are good examples of radiation currents.

• True or False– F

Test Review #12

• A good reflector of heat is a poor absorber of heat.

• True or False

Test Review #12

• A good reflector of heat is a poor absorber of heat.

• True or False– T

Test Review #13

• Heat that is transferred to us from the sun is transferred by radiation.

• True or False

Test Review #13

• Heat that is transferred to us from the sun is transferred by radiation.

• True or False– T

Test Review #13

• Heat transfer by means of electrons colliding with other electrons in a metal is convection.

• True or False

Test Review #13

• Heat transfer by means of electrons colliding with other electrons in a metal is convection.

• True or False– F

Test Review #14

• The rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

• True or False

Test Review #14

• The rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

• True or False– T

Test Review #15

• All objects with any temperature at all radiate energy.

• True or False

Test Review #15

• All objects with any temperature at all radiate energy.

• True or False– T

Test Review #16

• Heat transfer by means of atoms moving from place to place is conduction.

• True or False

Test Review #16

• Heat transfer by means of atoms moving from place to place is conduction.

• True or False– F

Test Review #17

• Gases don't expand very much when heated.• True or False

Test Review #17

• Gases don't expand very much when heated.• True or False

– F

Test Review #18

• A temperature scale that has 100 degrees between the boiling point and the freezing point of water is the Fahrenheit scale.

• True or False

Test Review #18

• A temperature scale that has 100 degrees between the boiling point and the freezing point of water is the Fahrenheit scale.

• True or False– F

Test Review #19

• Water contracts when heated from 0 degrees C to 4 degrees C.

• True or False

Test Review #19

• Water contracts when heated from 0 degrees C to 4 degrees C.

• True or False– T

Test Review #20

• Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference.

• True or False

Test Review #20

• Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference.

• True or False– T

Test Review #21

• The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree is its specific heat capacity.

• True or False

Test Review #21

• The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree is its specific heat capacity.

• True or False– T

Test Review #22

• The total of all energies in a substance is its temperature.

• True or False

Test Review #22

• The total of all energies in a substance is its temperature.

• True or False– F

Test Review #23

• Liquids usually expand when heated.• True or False

Test Review #23

• Liquids usually expand when heated.• True or False

– T

Test Review #24

• The average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance is related to temperature.

• True or False

Test Review #24

• The average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance is related to temperature.

• True or False– T

Test Review #25

• A calorie is a common unit of force.• True or False

Test Review #25

• A calorie is a common unit of force.• True or False

– F

Test Review #26

• Gases don't expand very much when heated.• True or False

Test Review #26

• Gases don't expand very much when heated.• True or False

– F

Test Review #27

• A temperature scale that has 100 degrees between the boiling point and the freezing point of water is the Fahrenheit scale.

• True or False

Test Review #27

• A temperature scale that has 100 degrees between the boiling point and the freezing point of water is the Fahrenheit scale.

• True or False– F

Test Review #28

• Water contracts when heated from 0 degrees C to 4 degrees C.

• True or False

Test Review #28

• Water contracts when heated from 0 degrees C to 4 degrees C.

• True or False– T

Test Review #29

• Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference.

• True or False

Test Review #29

• Heat is the energy that transfers from one object to another because of a temperature difference.

• True or False– T

Test Review #30

• If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it __________.

a) neither warms nor cools.

b) cools.

c) warms.

Test Review #30

• If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it __________.

a) neither warms nor cools.

b) cools.

c) warms.– b)

Test Review #31

• Planet earth loses heat primarily by __________.

a) radiation.

b) convection.

c) conduction.

d) all of these.

Test Review #31

• Planet earth loses heat primarily by __________.

a) radiation.

b) convection.

c) conduction.

d) all of these.– a)

Test Review #32

• Heat travels from the sun to the earth by __________.

a) convection.

b) conduction.

c) radiation.

d) insulation.

e) vacuumization.

Test Review #32

• Heat travels from the sun to the earth by __________.

a) convection.

b) conduction.

c) radiation.

d) insulation.

e) vacuumization.– c)

Test Review #33

• Newton's law of cooling says that the rate of cooling depends on __________.

a) the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

b) the mass of the object.

c) the volume of the object.

d) the specific heat capacity of the object.

e) all of the above.

Test Review #33

• Newton's law of cooling says that the rate of cooling depends on __________.

a) the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.

b) the mass of the object.

c) the volume of the object.

d) the specific heat capacity of the object.

e) all of the above– a)

Test Review #34

• Heat transfer by conduction occurs when __________.

a) electrons bump into atoms and other electrons.

b) electromagnetic waves travel from one place to another through a vacuum.

c) atoms give off heat in the form of electromagnetic waves.

d) large numbers of atoms move from place to place.

e) none of the above

Test Review #34

• Heat transfer by conduction occurs when __________.

a) electrons bump into atoms and other electrons.

b) electromagnetic waves travel from one place to another through a vacuum.

c) atoms give off heat in the form of electromagnetic waves.

d) large numbers of atoms move from place to place.

e) none of the above– a)

Test Review #35

• A piece of metal will feel colder than a piece of wood at the same temperature. Why?

a) Metal, in general, has a higher specific heat capacity than wood

b) Metals, in general, are good heat conductors

c) Metal is colder than wood

d) Wood, in general, is a poor insulator

e) Metal atoms are moving more slowly, on the average, than wood atoms

Test Review #35

• A piece of metal will feel colder than a piece of wood at the same temperature. Why?

a) Metal, in general, has a higher specific heat capacity than wood

b) Metals, in general, are good heat conductors

c) Metal is colder than wood

d) Wood, in general, is a poor insulator

e) Metal atoms are moving more slowly, on the average, than wood atoms

– b)

Test Review #36

• A good reflector of radiation is __________.

a) a good emitter of radiation.

b) a good absorber of radiation.

c) a poor absorber of radiation.

d) none of the above

Test Review #36

• A good reflector of radiation is __________.

a) a good emitter of radiation.

b) a good absorber of radiation.

c) a poor absorber of radiation.

d) none of the above– c)

Test Review #36a

• A good absorber of radiation is __________.

a) a good reflector.

b) a poor emitter of radiation.

c) a good emitter of radiation.

d) none of the above.

Test Review #36a

• A good absorber of radiation is __________.

a) a good reflector.

b) a poor emitter of radiation.

c) a good emitter of radiation.

d) none of the above.– c)

Test Review #37

• A piece of paper wrapped around a thick metal bar will not ignite when touched with a lit match because __________.

a) energy goes to the bar, preventing ignition temperature in the paper.

b) the bar keeps the paper relatively cool.

c) the bar is slow to heat up.

d) the paper absorbs internal energy poorly.

Test Review #37

• A piece of paper wrapped around a thick metal bar will not ignite when touched with a lit match because __________.

a) energy goes to the bar, preventing ignition temperature in the paper.

b) the bar keeps the paper relatively cool.

c) the bar is slow to heat up.

d) the paper absorbs internal energy poorly.– a)

Test Review #38

• The reason sea breezes are usually from the sea toward the land during the day is that __________.

a) a high-pressure area is created high above the water.

b) cool air high over the ocean flows downward.

c) land is hotter than water.

d) a low-pressure area is created just over the shore.

e) all of the above

Test Review #38

• The reason sea breezes are usually from the sea toward the land during the day is that __________.

a) a high-pressure area is created high above the water.

b) cool air high over the ocean flows downward.

c) land is hotter than water.

d) a low-pressure area is created just over the shore.

e) all of the above– e)

Test Review #39

• Heat transfer by convection occurs when __________.

a) electromagnetic waves travel from one place to another through a vacuum.

b) electrons bump into other electrons.

c) atoms give off heat in the form of electromagnetic waves.

d) large numbers of atoms move from place to place.

e) none of the above.

Test Review #39

• Heat transfer by convection occurs when __________.

a) electromagnetic waves travel from one place to another through a vacuum.

b) electrons bump into other electrons.

c) atoms give off heat in the form of electromagnetic waves.

d) large numbers of atoms move from place to place.

e) none of the above.– d)

Test Review #40

• Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy __________.

a) a specific object has

b) transferred by one molecule

c) one molecule contains

d) transferred by one object

e) needed to change the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree

Test Review #40

• Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy __________.

a) a specific object has

b) transferred by one molecule

c) one molecule contains

d) transferred by one object

e) needed to change the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree

– e)

Test Review #41

• Internal energy is the __________.

a) average amount of energy contained in an object.

b) amount of kinetic energy all the molecules have.

c) amount of energy that is transferred from one object to another object.

d) total amount of energy contained in an object.

e) all of the above

Test Review #41

• Internal energy is the __________.

a) average amount of energy contained in an object.

b) amount of kinetic energy all the molecules have.

c) amount of energy that is transferred from one object to another object.

d) total amount of energy contained in an object.

e) all of the above– d)

Test Review #42

• Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered?

a) Helium

b) Wood

c) Iron

d) Water at 4 degrees C

e) None of the above expands when the temperature is lowered.

Test Review #42

• Which of the following expands most when the temperature is lowered?

a) Helium

b) Wood

c) Iron

d) Water at 4 degrees C

e) None of the above expands when the temperature is lowered.

– d)

Test Review #43

• The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a __________.

a) high specific heat capacity

b) low specific heat capacity

Test Review #43

• The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a __________.

a) high specific heat capacity

b) low specific heat capacity– b)

Test Review #44

• A container of water has its smallest volume at __________.

a) -20 degrees C

b) 4 degrees C

c) 0 degrees C

Test Review #44

• A container of water has its smallest volume at __________.

a) -20 degrees C

b) 4 degrees C

c) 0 degrees C– b)

Test Review #45

• Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?

a) Celsius

b) Caloric

c) Fahrenheit

d) Kelvin

e) none of the above.

Test Review #45

• Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?

a) Celsius

b) Caloric

c) Fahrenheit

d) Kelvin

e) none of the above.– a)

Test Review #46

• Mix some water with some water and you'll get water at __________.

a) .

b) .

c) depends on the masses (or volumes) of water

d) .

Co35Co40

Co30

Co40 Co30

Test Review #46

• Mix some water with some water and you'll get water at __________.

a) .

b) .

c) depends on the masses (or volumes) of water

d) .– c)

Co35Co40

Co30

Co40 Co30

Test Review #47

• Heat is measured in __________.

a) kilocalories.

b) calories.

c) joules

d) all of the above

e) none of the above.

Test Review #47

• Heat is measured in __________.

a) kilocalories.

b) calories.

c) joules

d) all of the above

e) none of the above.– d)

Test Review #48

• Which is denser, ice at or water at ?

a) The ice

b) The water

c) They both have the same density.

Co0 Co4

Test Review #48

• Which is denser, ice at or water at ?

a) The ice

b) The water

c) They both have the same density.– b)

Co0 Co4

Test Review #49

• Which releases the most energy, 100 grams of water cooling to or 100 grams of iron at cooling to ?

a) Iron

b) Water

c) both the same

Co100 Co50Co100 Co50

Test Review #49

• Which releases the most energy, 100 grams of water cooling to or 100 grams of iron at cooling to ?

a) Iron

b) Water

c) both the same– b)

Co100 Co50Co100 Co50

Test Review #50

• A bimetallic strip will bend when heated because __________.

a) metals bend when heated.

b) each metal expands at different rates.

c) each side of the strip is at a different temperature.

d) metals contract when heated.

e) all of the above.

Test Review #50

• A bimetallic strip will bend when heated because __________.

a) metals bend when heated.

b) each metal expands at different rates.

c) each side of the strip is at a different temperature.

d) metals contract when heated.

e) all of the above.– b)

Test Review #51

• Temperature is related mostly to the __________.

a) total energy in something.

b) average molecular kinetic energy in a substance.

c) average energy in a substance.

d) total kinetic energy in something.

e) average kinetic energy of an object.

Test Review #51

• Temperature is related mostly to the __________.

a) total energy in something.

b) average molecular kinetic energy in a substance.

c) average energy in a substance.

d) total kinetic energy in something.

e) average kinetic energy of an object.– b)

Test Review #52

• Heat is the __________.

a) amount of energy all the molecules have.

b) total amount of energy contained in an object.

c) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference.

d) average amount of energy-per-molecule contained in an object.

e) all of the above.

Test Review #52

• Heat is the __________.

a) amount of energy all the molecules have.

b) total amount of energy contained in an object.

c) energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference.

d) average amount of energy-per-molecule contained in an object.

e) all of the above.– c)

Test Review #53

• Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or sand?

a) Sand

b) Water

c) They both have the same specific heat capacity.

Test Review #53

• Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or sand?

a) Sand

b) Water

c) They both have the same specific heat capacity.

– b)