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Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.) Which type is found in the heart? 5.) Which type is found in walls of organs? 6.) Which has intercalated discs? 7.) Which muscle tissue (s) is striated? 8.) Which muscle tissue is multinucleated? REMINDERS: Skull Model due Wed PA Guest Speaker ??! Learning Targets: *I can ID major muscles location and fxn. *I can describe steps of muscle contraction and relate it to exercise.

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Page 1: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Bellwork 9/22/14

1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary?

2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary?

3.) Which type is usually attached to bones?

4.) Which type is found in the heart?

5.) Which type is found in walls of organs?

6.) Which has intercalated discs?

7.) Which muscle tissue (s) is striated?

8.) Which muscle tissue is multinucleated?

REMINDERS:Skull Model due WedPA Guest Speaker ??!

Learning Targets:

*I can ID major muscles

location and fxn.

*I can describe steps of muscle contraction and

relate it to exercise.

Page 2: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Bellwork 9/23/14

Bellwork: compare 3 types of muscle

(complete as much as possible)

Classwork: labeling muscles and primary function

Intro of sarcomere

REMINDERS:Skull Model due WedPA Guest Speaker ??!

Learning Targets:

*I can ID major muscles

location and fxn.

*I can describe steps of muscle contraction and

relate it to exercise.

Page 3: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Bellwork 9/24/14

Bellwork: label and color skeletal muscle cell

(on back of sarcomere sheet from yesterday)

Classwork: sliding filament theory

REMINDERS:Skull Model due MONDAY

(NO LATER)PA Guest Speaker ??!

Learning Targets:

*I can ID major muscles

location and fxn.

*I can describe steps of muscle contraction and

relate it to exercise.

Page 4: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Bellwork 9/29/14

Bellwork:

1. Sit with your partner, have skull and Self-evaluation completed!

2. review skeletal muscle structure and fxn

Classwork: label and color skeletal muscle cell; I.D. fxns of all muscles.

Learning Targets:

*I can ID major muscles

location and fxn.

*I can describe steps of muscle contraction and

relate it to exercise.

Page 5: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 6: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Muscular System

Page 7: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 8: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

FUNCTIONS

Produce skeletal movement

Maintain posture and body position

Support soft tissues

Guard entrances and exits

Heat Generation body temp.

Page 9: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Types of Muscle Tissue

Skeletal

Cardiac

Smooth

Page 10: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 11: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 12: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 13: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

SKELETAL MUSCLES

Includes all of the skeletal muscles that can be controlled voluntarily

Approx. 700 have beenidentified in the human body

Shape indicates function

Page 14: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Functional Characteristics of Muscle Tissue

Excitability: receive and response to stimuli

Contractibility: shorten forcibly when stimulated

Extensibility: stretch and extension

Elasticity: bounce back to original length after being shortened or lengthened.

Page 15: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

TYPES OF MOVEMENTS BY MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

Each muscle begins at an origin, ends at an insertion, and contracts to produce an action.

Origin: immovable (anchored end)

Insertion: movable end of a muscle

** When a muscle contracts and shortens, its insertion is pulled toward its origin.

Page 16: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Types of Movement Actions Include:

Flexion - a movement that reduces the angle between 2 bones; Opposite = Extension

Abduction - moving a part away from midline of body; Opposite = Adduction

Dorsiflexion - elevates top of foot and tilts it up; Opposite = Plantar flexion

Eversion – sole of foot out Opposite= Inversion Supination - turn palm to anterior position;

Opposite = Pronation Rotation - movement around a longitudinal axis

Page 17: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Abduction

AdductionFlexion

Extension

Flexion

Extension

Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflexion

Page 18: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Eversion Inversion

Rotation

Supination

Pronation

Page 19: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Muscle Organization

Muscles are grouped according to their primary action:

Agonist - produces a particular movement (triceps)

Synergist - assists in producing movement

Antagonist - opposes agonist; relaxes during the prime movement

Page 20: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Figure 9.2

Page 21: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Connective Tissue Coverings

Epimysium: connective tissue that surrounds a skeletal muscle.

Perimysium: connective tissue that extends inward from the epimysium and separates the muscle into bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.

Endomysium: Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle.

Page 22: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Skeletal Muscle Structure

A muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue, nervous tissue, blood, and connective tissue.

Individual muscles are held in place by fascia, dense connective tissue.

Tendons are extensions of the fascia and intertwine with the fibers in the periosteum of the bone.

Muscles are connected to muscles by sheets of connective tissue called aponeuroses.

Page 23: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 24: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Organization of Muscle Fibers

Parallel - fascicles are parallel to the long axis of muscle (most muscles); strength

Convergent - fibers are based over a broad area, but all fibers come together at a common attachment site (pectoralis); more versatile in movement

Pennate - fascicles form a common angle with the tendon; uni, bi, multipennate; produces high tension

Circular/spinchter - fibers are concentrically arranged around an opening (orbicularis oris)

Page 25: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 26: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Skeletal Muscle Fibers

A muscle fiber is a multinucleated cell that attaches to connective tissue.

Sarcolemma is the muscle cell membrane.

Sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm containing nuclei, mitochondria, and myofibrils.

Myofibrils are composed of protein filaments, myosin and actin.

Page 27: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Protein Filaments

Myosin: Thick filament of twisted protein strands with globular ends called cross-bridges.

Actin: Thin filament protein, also contains tropomyosin and troponin. (movable)

Organization of filaments leads to light and dark striations seen in skeletal muscle.

Page 28: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 29: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 30: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Sarcomere Structure

Sarcomere: The fundamental Unit of a muscle; contains repeating patterns of striations

Striations: repeating light and dark regions

Page 31: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Sarcomere Structure

I bands (light bands) are composed of actin filaments attached to Z lines.

A bands (dark bands) are composed of myosin overlapping actin attached to Z lines by titin.

A central region (H zone) consists of myosin only with a thick line, the M line.

Page 32: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 33: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Microscopic structure

Sarcoplasmic reticulum: network of membranous sacs surrounding myofibrils.

Transverse tubules (T-tubules) extend into the sarcoplasm and contain extracellular fluid.

Page 34: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Microscopic structure

Cisternae: enlarged portions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

These three structures form a triad where the actin and myosin overlap.

Page 35: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 36: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 37: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)
Page 38: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__action_potentials_and_muscle_contraction.html

• http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/coupling/tutorial.html

• http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/multipleheads/tutorial.html

Page 39: Bellwork 9/22/14 1.) Which type (s) of muscle is voluntary? 2.) Which type (s) of muscle is involuntary? 3.) Which type is usually attached to bones? 4.)

Muscle Contraction Quiz

1. Name of the fundamental unit of a muscle. 2. What are the two globular proteins (myofibrils) found in

muscle?3. What two proteins are associated with the thin filament?4. What neurotransmitter cause stimulation of SR-

sarcoplasmic reticulum?5. What molecule is necessary for cross bridge formation?6. When this molecule is released from the SR-sarcoplasmic

reticulum, what does it bind to?7. When a muscle contracts the length of the muscle

___________.8. Describe a resting sarcomere.


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