BELLWORKBELLWORK Get a handout from the front and use it Get a handout from the front and use it

to answer the following questions: to answer the following questions:

1.1. What was the What was the Enlightenment?Enlightenment?

2.2. How were Enlightenment thinkers How were Enlightenment thinkers influenced by the Scientific Revolution?influenced by the Scientific Revolution?

3.3. What questions about government did What questions about government did Enlightenment thinkers raise?Enlightenment thinkers raise?

4.4. What is the “state of nature?” What is the “state of nature?”

5.5. What is “social contract?” What is “social contract?”

6.6. THINKER: What is THINKER: What is philosophy? philosophy?

Review: Scientific Review: Scientific RevolutionRevolution

It is important to understand It is important to understand exactlyexactly what accomplishments were made what accomplishments were made during the Scientific Revolution.during the Scientific Revolution.

To review, use your notes and fill in To review, use your notes and fill in the graphic organizer on the 5 men the graphic organizer on the 5 men of the Scientific Revolution.of the Scientific Revolution.

Be ready to discuss! Be ready to discuss!

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment““All mankind... being all equal and All mankind... being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or another in his life, health, liberty or

possessions.” possessions.” John LockeJohn Locke

SkepticismSkepticism

What does this Renaissance value What does this Renaissance value mean?mean?

Why were people questioning things Why were people questioning things after the Middle Ages?after the Middle Ages?

What kinds of things were people What kinds of things were people questioning?questioning?

DefineDefine

Absolute MonarchyAbsolute Monarchy DemocracyDemocracy

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment The period in Europe The period in Europe

from ~1600 – 1800from ~1600 – 1800 Time of rapid scientific Time of rapid scientific

development, development, exploration of the New exploration of the New World and challenges to World and challenges to church and state church and state authorities.authorities.

Enlightenment thinkers Enlightenment thinkers believed in the power of believed in the power of reason and logic to solve reason and logic to solve the problems of humansthe problems of humans

Question of GovernmentQuestion of Government

European philosophers began debating European philosophers began debating the question of who should govern a the question of who should govern a nation—should kings continue to rule nation—should kings continue to rule absolutely or should democratic forms of absolutely or should democratic forms of government develop?government develop?

What are the advantages/disadvantages What are the advantages/disadvantages of an absolute monarchy?of an absolute monarchy?

What are the advantages/disadvantages What are the advantages/disadvantages of a democracy?of a democracy?

John LockeJohn Locke English philosopher: 1632-English philosopher: 1632-

17041704 Believed all people had Believed all people had

“inalienable” natural “inalienable” natural rights--life, liberty and rights--life, liberty and propertyproperty

Social Contract- The Social Contract- The government should be government should be limited and uphold people’s limited and uphold people’s natural rightsnatural rights, and if did , and if did not, people could rebelnot, people could rebel

First to articulate the First to articulate the theory of government later theory of government later found in the Declaration of found in the Declaration of Independence.Independence.

Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes English philosopher: English philosopher:

1588-16791588-1679 Dark view of human Dark view of human

naturenature Argued that absolute Argued that absolute

monarchy was the best monarchy was the best form of governmentform of government

Believed people were Believed people were naturally corrupt and naturally corrupt and violent, and could only be violent, and could only be controlled with an controlled with an absolute monarchyabsolute monarchy

Social Contract-Social Contract- People People give up rights and give up rights and personal freedoms in personal freedoms in exchange for protection exchange for protection from rulerfrom ruler

Evaluate…Evaluate…

Do you think people should give up Do you think people should give up their rights in exchange for their rights in exchange for protection from the government? protection from the government? Why or why not.Why or why not.

Baron de MontesquieuBaron de Montesquieu French philosopher: French philosopher:

1689-17551689-1755 Promoted the idea of Promoted the idea of

separation of powers-separation of powers-power should be divided power should be divided equally among the equally among the branches of governmentbranches of government

This created a balance of This created a balance of power in which all power in which all branches “check” power branches “check” power of the othersof the others

Three branches: Three branches: Executive, Judicial, Executive, Judicial, LegislativeLegislative

Analyze…Analyze…

Identify the 3 branches of Identify the 3 branches of government and their role in the government and their role in the United States today.United States today.

Why does the U.S. use “checks and Why does the U.S. use “checks and balances?”balances?”

Jean-Jacques RousseauJean-Jacques Rousseau Swiss-born Swiss-born

philosopher: 1712-philosopher: 1712-17781778

Believed man was Believed man was naturally good, but naturally good, but corrupted by societycorrupted by society

Right to rule rested Right to rule rested with the people and with the people and should rule for the should rule for the common goodcommon good

Supported and Supported and influenced idea of influenced idea of democracydemocracy

Conclude…Conclude…

What aspect of Rousseau’s What aspect of Rousseau’s philosophy do we have in our US philosophy do we have in our US Government?Government?

VoltaireVoltaire French philosopher: French philosopher:

1694-17781694-1778 Believed an absolute Believed an absolute

monarchy was the best monarchy was the best form of governmentform of government

Advocate of freedom of Advocate of freedom of speech and religionspeech and religion

Believed an “enlightened Believed an “enlightened monarch” was the most monarch” was the most suitable ruler (allowed suitable ruler (allowed religious toleration, religious toleration, freedom of speech and freedom of speech and the press, and the right the press, and the right to hold private property. to hold private property. Most fostered the arts, Most fostered the arts, sciences, and education) sciences, and education)

VoltaireVoltaire

“ “I disapprove of what you say, but I I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to will defend to the death your right to say it”say it”

Analyze this quote by Voltaire. What Analyze this quote by Voltaire. What is he saying? What is he advocating? is he saying? What is he advocating? Why?Why?

Evaluate…Evaluate…

How does freedom of speech How does freedom of speech promote peaceful change in promote peaceful change in government, rather than revolution?government, rather than revolution?

Give a modern-day example of Give a modern-day example of people using freedom of speech to people using freedom of speech to protest a change in governmentprotest a change in government

You Decide…You Decide…

Which philosopher do you feel is the Which philosopher do you feel is the most influential to the formation of most influential to the formation of the US Government and why?the US Government and why?

Enlightenment MusicEnlightenment Music Even though the Enlightenment was over 300 Even though the Enlightenment was over 300

years ago, their ideas still have an effect on years ago, their ideas still have an effect on our government, society, and culture today.our government, society, and culture today.

You will now listen to six songs and evaluate You will now listen to six songs and evaluate the lyrics with regards to the Enlightenment.the lyrics with regards to the Enlightenment.

Each song aligns with an Enlightenment Each song aligns with an Enlightenment philosopher and their ideas of government.philosopher and their ideas of government.

You will underline lyrics that prove their ideas You will underline lyrics that prove their ideas and then we will listen to the song and and then we will listen to the song and discuss!discuss!

Have fun with this, but also use it as a Have fun with this, but also use it as a chance to review Enlightenment ideas! chance to review Enlightenment ideas!