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Akademiet for Talentfulde Unge besøger

Vindenergiafdelingen DTU Risø Campus 21. sep. 2015

Værter:

Professorer Torben Mikkelsen og Jakob Mann Statistik fra dansk vindenergi - seniorforsker Ph.D Niels-Erik Clausen

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Program for dagen: • 14:00 - 14:30 Risø -> DTU :Fra Atomkraft til Vind Energi” Dansk energiforskning siden 2.

verdenskrig. Torben

• 14:30 - 15:00 Remote sensing (Fjernmåling) af Vind - med Lyd og Lys. Torben

• 15:00 - 16:00 Vandring til møllerække med fortællinger om forsøg. Besøg hardware i

laboratoriet. To grupper – v/ Torben og Jakob

• 16:00 - 16:30 Sandwich, DTU betaler.

• 16:30 - 17:00 Måling af komposanter af en vektor og rekonstruktion af vektor. Jakob


Historical background of Danish energy production … of our times…:

1956: Risø National Laboratory was founded to exploit the peaceful use of nuclear energy


Flying high above Risø National Laboratory => Risø DTU => DTU Wind Energy:

Niels

Albert


Neutral Smoke plume with argon-41 (Borssele NPP, NL)


Real-time 2-D Lidar Scan at SCK-CEN Mol BR1 60 m elevated Plume release (2001):


Borex’94: Elevated unstable Plume


BOREX’94: Stable Plume dispersion……


Atmospheric

Dispersion and

Deposition

… and the plume comes

your way !

1. Decision Support:

2. Monitoring

3. Modeling

4. Forecasting


Atmospheric

Dispersion and

Deposition

Atmospheric Dispersion


1985: Nuclear Power No thanks 2011: Mutti Merkel: No more NPP’s by 2022…

March 1986:

Danish Government referendum against nuclear power in Denmark…


2000: Den sidste reaktor lukker …


13-april2011

13

FUKUSHIMA; Japan 11.april 2011

Earth Quake 8,9 – then ~12 m Tsunami:


… Meanwhile we became an oil producing country…

…but how about the climate and CO2 ?


Oil and gas is not sustainable...

...this is serious...

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark

Klimaudfordringen på én slide


DTU Wind Energy, Technical Univ ersity of Denmark

Hvad betyder det?

Roskilde efter stormen Bodil dec. 2013

Frederikssund efter

stormen Bodil dec. 2013


Test Station for Large

Wind Turbines

Høvsøre - Risø DTU

Fortunately there is

wind energy ...


DTU Vindenergi

…From resource to grid

DTU Wind Energy 235 staff

members

Including 150 academic staff

members and 50 PhD students


5 stands

Max. 10 MW

Max. height 165 m

... Risø DTU Test facility Høvsøre 2002 ...

Test Station Risø 1979


... Wind Turbines become bigger and Bigger ...

Airbus A380

vingefang 80m

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1985 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2001

Year

€ce

nt/k

Wh

Pri

s p

r kW

h

Årstal


Dansk energipolitik og målsætning

Dansk energipolitik 2015 fokuserer nu på forsyningssikkerhed, klimahensyn og grøn vækst:

2020 mål

–12% reduktion af bruttoenergiforbruget

–30% vedvarende energi af samlede energiforbrug

–50% vindenergi af elforbruget

–10% vedvarende energi i transportsektoren

2050 mål: ingen fossile brændsler i energisystemet



Vindenergi i Danmark 2014

offshore onshore

Dec 2014:

På land

Offshore

Antal vindmøller

Elproduktion i 2014 DTU Wind Energy, Technical

University of Denmark

4849 MW <-> 1kW/dansker

3578 MW

1271 MW

5244

13.5 TWh

Source: Energistyrelsen Stamdataregister for vindmøller

(40%)


Eksempel: En Vestas V164– Ø 164 m:

3

3

2 2

1

½ [Watt]

Air Density; "ca. én liter mælk pr m "

Rotor Areal 4

Wind Speed [ ]

Power coefficient [0.2 - 0.5]

p

p

P Av C

A Ø m

v ms

C


Eksempel: En Vestas V164– Ø 164 m:

3

2 2

1

3 3

Air Density: 1.2 kg/m

Rotor Areal: 164 21124 (2.1 Ha ~4 tønder land...)4

Wind Speed: 10 [ ]

Power coefficient 0.45

½ [Watt] =½ 1.2 21124 10 0.45 5.7

p

p

A m

v ms

C

P Av C MW

Vi er ca. 5.7 millioner mennesker, så én V164 mølle genererer, ved 10 m/s, ca. 1 Watt til hver dansker…..


DK Wind 2014: 39% af dansk netto 30 TWH (el)

Med ca. 5,7 millioner mennesker i Danmark og med 365X24 =8760 timer år =>

12

netto pr dansker 6

netto vind pr dansker

En danskers gennemsnitlige elforbrug (Power) var i 2014:

30 10P 600

8760 5.7 10

hvoraf vindkraft dækkede 40% : 240 Watt

Watt

P

Altså, 240 stk. V164 møller i 10m/s konstant vind kunne

holde Danmark forsynet med 40% el i 2014

Men vi nåede samme mål med 5244 mindre møller…


SODAR: SOund Detection And Ranging

R.L Schwiesow, Probing the atmospheric boundary layer


LYD: Heimdal… …our first bi-static

”Wind Energy SODAR” (2001-2004)


LYS -> ”Lidar”: Høvsøre Dec. 2008 Windscanner lidar test Spatial-resolution improved ”Stretch Pod” Unit 107 (left) vs. Windscanner Unit 120 (right)


LYS: Our “WindScanner” Vision (2007 ff): WindScanners measuring wind and turbulence around operating wind turbine's at the test site at Høvsøre, Denmark:


1 D

2 D

3 D

Ground based

Source DTU

Tech

nolo

gy

Ap

plic

atio

ns

Lidics DTU SpinnerLidar

Leosphere

Leosphere Source Sgurr

WLS 200/400 S

DTU short-range WindScanner

DTU long-range WindScanner

DTU short-range Scanner

Source DTU

Long-range Short-range

Turbine mounted + others Wind

component

Technology and Experiments 2015:


How does SODAR & LIDAR Doppler shift work?

f1. Determines the Doppler shift in

the backscattered signal, i.e.:

2. Measures Δf in three different directions to determine all three wind components ui of the velocity vector u:

2 iif

u

c

u

f

f ii

Elastic Scatter =>

The Doppler Shift Eqs.


Christian Doppler, Austria (1842)

Doppler equation from dispersion relation

@ 1.5µ )

0f UD Bf


Wind lidars: Ideal Gaussian beam properties

2

4

Far-field distance

tFF

dD

dt λ ”Colimated beam”

2

2

42 2Rayleigh

t

fFWHM Z

d

”Focussed beam”

R f

Inte

nsity

t

FF

d

DR

Divergence Beam

0

4Minimum Waist ("diffraction limit"):

t

fd

d

DTU Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark 30 June 2015


Pulsed LIDARS (2007-)

SODARS (2004)

CW LIDARS (2006-)

2003-12: Ground-based RS wind sensors Høvsøre, Denmark

DTU Vindenergi, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet 29. maj 2015


Scanning of the flow above a steep 12-m high escarpment at

the small isolated Bolund peninsula in the Roskilde fjord


Lidar Sigma-w turbulence 6 May 2010 – 7:00 to 18:00

• Boundary-layer height 1000 – 1200 m.

• Entrainment zone 1300 m – 1400 m


2015: SpinnerLidar @ NREL CART3


WindScanner (SpinnerLidar)

UpWind 2D scanning from the rotating spinner of 2.3 MW NM80.

400 wind speed measurement points are retrieved from the scanned wake every (other) second

Tak for opmærksomheden

DTU Vindenergi

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