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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

ISSN No : 2230-7850

Monthly MultidiciplinaryResearch Journal

Indian Streams

Research Journal

Executive Editor

Ashok Yakkaldevi

Editor-in-chief

H.N.Jagtap

Vol II Issue X

Mohammad HailatDept. of Mathmatical Sciences, University of South Carolina Aiken, Aiken SC 29801

Abdullah SabbaghEngineering Studies, Sydney

Catalina NeculaiUniversity of Coventry, UK

Ecaterina PatrascuSpiru Haret University, Bucharest

Loredana BoscaSpiru Haret University, Romania

Fabricio Moraes de AlmeidaFederal University of Rondonia, Brazil

George - Calin SERITANPostdoctoral Researcher

Hasan BaktirEnglish Language and Literature Department, Kayseri

Ghayoor Abbas ChotanaDepartment of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences [ PK ]Anna Maria ConstantinoviciAL. I. Cuza University, Romania

Horia PatrascuSpiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania

Ilie Pintea,Spiru Haret University, Romania

Xiaohua YangPhD, USANawab Ali KhanCollege of Business Administration

Flvio de So Pedro FilhoFederal University of Rondonia, Brazil

Kamani PereraRegional Centre For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka

Janaki SinnasamyLibrarian, University of Malaya [ Malaysia ]

Romona MihailaSpiru Haret University, Romania

Delia SerbescuSpiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania

Anurag MisraDBS College, Kanpur

Titus Pop

Pratap Vyamktrao NaikwadeASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India

R. R. PatilHead Geology Department Solapur University, Solapur

Rama BhosalePrin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Panvel

Salve R. N.Department of Sociology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Govind P. ShindeBharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance Education Center, Navi Mumbai

Chakane Sanjay DnyaneshwarArts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune

Awadhesh Kumar ShirotriyaSecretary, Play India Play (Trust),Meerut

Iresh SwamiEx - VC. Solapur University, Solapur

N.S. DhaygudeEx. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur

Narendra KaduJt. Director Higher Education, Pune

K. M. BhandarkarPraful Patel College of Education, Gondia

Sonal SinghVikram University, Ujjain

G. P. PatankarS. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka

Maj. S. Bakhtiar ChoudharyDirector,Hyderabad AP India.

S.Parvathi DeviPh.D.-University of Allahabad

Sonal Singh

Rajendra ShendgeDirector, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur

R. R. YalikarDirector Managment Institute, Solapur

Umesh RajderkarHead Humanities & Social Science YCMOU, Nashik

S. R. PandyaHead Education Dept. Mumbai University, Mumbai

Alka Darshan ShrivastavaShaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar

Rahul Shriram SudkeDevi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore

S.KANNANPh.D , Annamalai University,TN

Satish Kumar Kalhotra

Editorial Board

International Advisory Board

Welcome to ISRJISSN No.2230-7850

Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial Board readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects.

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Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, IndiaCell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isrj.net

Volume 2, Issue.10,Nov. 2012Indian Streams Research Journal

KEYWORDS:

Health Measures, Welfare Measures, Labor Welfare and Spinning Mills.

INTRODUCTION

Labour or employee welfare is an important aspect of industrial relations and it is defined that effort to makes life worth living for workmen. It means anything that is done for improving employee's workforce and health measures are addition to wage and salary. Welfare helps to improve Employee retention and creating positive image about the company for longer time. It helps to motivate and improve morale of the employees. Employees' welfare includes providing healthy working environment, increasing the standard of living of the workers and employees families. Facilities like medical benefits, education, recreation and housing facilities are the some welfare measures to makes labours to increase the attention towards work and increase their productivity. Labour welfare act as added stimuli to the workers to keep them motivated. The main objective of the employee welfare is to provide better health condition and better life of the employees. Next objective of the labour welfare is to make the employees and labours feel satisfied. Because textile industry is the oldest and well organized industries in India, and India ranks 4th in the world in terms of textile production. It plays a vital rule in economic development. Thousands and thousands of workers are employed in textile industries in Tamilnadu. This study analyses the different health and welfare measures that are perceived by the workers. It reveals the expectation and satisfaction of the workers regarding the various health and welfare measures provided by the textile industries. Labour welfare measures are combination of many steps, the growing effect which is to grease the wheels of

Abstract:

Employee welfare means the amenities provided to the employees and workers in and outside the working premises to the well being of employees. Health and welfare measures are concerned with employee work force and efficiency of the work Tamil Nadu Textile Industry has an important presence in the National economy. It is mostly Spinning-oriented. The Textile Industry in the private sector has a very important role to play in the Industrial field, with regard to employment potential, overall economic and commercial activities. This industry enables the Central and State Government to earn revenue, besides foreign exchange through exports. Out of 2049 large and medium textile mills in India, 893 mills are located in Tamil Nadu. Similarly, out of 996 small units in India, 792 are located in Tamil Nadu. The 893 large and medium textile mills include 18 Cooperative Spinning Mills, 17 National Textile Corporation Mills and 23 Composite Mills. The spinning capacity is 14.75 million spindles with a labor force of about 2.17 lakhs. This study analyses the different health and welfare measures that are perceived by the workers. It reveals the expectation and satisfaction of the workers regarding the various health and welfare measures provided by the textile industries.

ISSN:-2230-7850

HEALTH AND WELFARE MEASURES IN TAMILNADU SPINNING MILLS, INDIA

M.SEKAR , M.SHUNMUGA SUNDARAM AND A.SUBBURAJ

Department of Business Management, RVS College of Arts and Science, CoimbatoreDepartment of Business Administration, Kalasalingam University, Krishnan Kovil

Global School of Foreign Trade, Madurai

Available online at www.isrj.net

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Indian Streams Research Journal Volume 2 Issue 10 Nov 2012

industries and society. Sound industrial relations can be based on good human relation; this can be achieved through mutual understanding between management and workers and satisfaction of the workers. So it's necessary to understand the workers perception and level of satisfaction towards the health and welfare measures.

LITERATU RE REVIEW

According to Joseph, (2009) structure of the welfare is rest on social fabric, government and trade union activities. It is helps to promote employees workforce and they conclude that still structure of welfare measures needs to be developed. Saiyaddin (1983) study shows that welfare measures not only increase the efficiency of the workers but also it develops the morale of the workers. It also concludes that public sectors are providing more welfare measures compared to private sectors. Public sectors concentrate on transportation and recreations and private sector concentrate on housing facilities to the workers. Zacharaiah (1954) reveals the relationship between the working conditions and labour welfare measures, and it concluded that working conditions and welfare measures are having harmonies relation. Jayanthi, (2012) analysis the statutory and non statutory welfare measures on steel industries and the impacts on welfare measures and productivity on steel plant.

Koshan (1975) study reveals that implementation of statuary welfare measures were not up to the level. Only cement industries were satisfied the workers expectation, it suggest that labour welfare inspector must be appointed and each quarterly reports must be submitted by the welfare inspector only cement industries were following all statutory welfare measures to their workers. National commission on labour report (2002), government of India made recommendations in labour welfare measures includes social security, extending application of provident fund, gratuity and unemployment insurance. Mishra, (2010) study reveals that absenteeism of workers in Indian industries having great impact on welfare measures provided by the industries. Anantharaman, (1980) reported the relationship between the job involvement and employee satisfaction.

METHODS

This study was based on the Tamilnadu Spinning Mills workers. This research concentrated on more than 996 spinning mills around Tamilnadu and the researcher collected 516 samples contains both labours and employees. Data were gathered based on structured questionnaires. Questionnaires were prepared based on Indian Factory Act (1945) it includes three provisions like health provision, provisions implemented inside the factory and provisions implemented outside the factory. Welfare measure consist of health and welfare related questions and workers rated each of the 29 questions regarding the strength of health and welfare measures on a nine-point scale. Health measures score is calculated by adding all individual scores of all 12 items whose possible range can be 12-108. Total score for welfare measures taken inside the factory range 10-90 for 10 questions and total score for welfare measures taken outside the factory range 7-63 for 7 questions. High score indicates that highly satisfaction with health and welfare measures. Total scores are classified into low, moderate and high satisfaction of welfare according to the average score. Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.870. There is high internal consistency between the items. It shows the instrument is reliable for the analysis.


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FINDINGS

About 50% of the workers were fall under the age group of 20-29 years old, 53% of the workers were male and 30% of the workers had 6-10 years of experience, most of them getting (30%) 50001-15001 Rs monthly income. Most of respondents were labours (72%) and remaining were employees (28%).

Table 2 indicates the Cronbach's Alpha value for health provisions followed by the factories is 0.75, provisions for welfare measures inside the factories 0.734 and welfare measures outside the factories is 0.70.

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Table 1: Demographic details

Demographic details Options Frequency Percent

Age

20-29 years 259 50

30-39 years 152 29

40-49 years 89 17

More than 50 years 16 3

Gender Male 274 53

Female 242 47

Experience

Less than 5 years 149 29

6-10 years 153 30

11-15 years 114 22

15-20 years 67 13

More than 20 years 33 6

Qualification

HSC 79 15

Diploma 361 70

Graduation 68 13

Professionals 8 2

Income (Rs/Month)

Less than 5000 149 29

5001-15000 155 30

15001-25000 111 22

25001-35000 68 13

More than 35000 33 6

Category of emplacement

Labour 372 72

Employee 144 28

Total 516 100

Table 2: Reliability Test

Groups Cronbachs Alpha value N Value

Health provisions 0.750 10

Provisions for welfare measures inside the factory 0.734 12

provisions for welfare measures outside the factory 0.700 7


Table 3 shows that many workers were moderately satisfied with health measures provided by the factory. (Mean=55.1, SD=11.1)

Table 4 shows that many workers were highly satisfied with health measures provided by the factory. (Mean=65.61, SD=12.32)

Table 5 shows that many workers were moderately satisfied with health measures provided by the factory. (Mean=37.34, SD=8.31)

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Table 3: Scoring for Health measures.

Scores Frequency Percent

Low (12-44) 8 1.6

Moderate (45-76) 181 35.1

High (77-108) 327 63.4

Total 516 100

Table 4: Scoring for provisions for welfare measures inside the factory.


Low (10-36) 3 0.6

Moderate (37-63) 227 44.0

High (64-90) 286 55.4

Total 516 100

Table 5: Scoring for provisions for welfare measures outside the factory.


Low (7-25) 39 7.6

Moderate (26-44) 371 71.9

High (45-63) 106 20.5

Total 516 100

Table 6: Demographic difference and Level of satisfaction towards health provisions

Demographic Details Test Sig A/NA

Age ANOVA 0.014 Association

Gender Independent T Test 0.040 Association

Experience ANOVA 0.279** No association

Qualification ANOVA 0.779** No association

Income ANOVA 0.306** No association

Category of emplacement ANOVA 0.346** No association

**H0 Accepted.


Table 6 indicates that age and gender had association with level of satisfaction towards health provisions given by the spinning mills.

Table 7 indicates that qualification had association with level of satisfaction towards health provisions given by the spinning mills.

Table 8 indicates that age, gender, experience, qualification and income had association with level of satisfaction towards health provisions given by the spinning mills.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

As per the study, (Table 3, Table 5) workers were moderately satisfied with the health provisions provided by the factories, provisions for welfare measures outside the factories. Cleanliness of premises, removal of dust and fumes, artificial humidification and disposal of waste materials must be effectively handled. Workers satisfaction and workers demographic profiles like qualification, experience, monthly income and category of emplacement. Better improvement in health measures will lead to increase the workers satisfaction. Maternity facilities, other medical facilities to the workers, pension and EPF facilities, Housing facilities and leave travel facilities are the provisions must be improved. Because demographic profile like age, gender, qualification, monthly income, experience had significant relation with level of workers satisfaction towards provision provided outside the factories. Many spinning mills providing welfare measures only, they are not concentrating on health measures. In order to increase the involvement of workers and increase the productivity, health and welfare measures play vital role. Smooth relationship between employers and employees leads to increase the effect of the organization. This study concludes that most of the workers having good perception about the health and welfare measures provided by the spinning mills.

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Table 7: Demographic difference and Level of satisfaction towards provisions of welfare

measures inside the factory


Age ANOVA 0.922** No association

Gender Independent T Test 0.120** No association

Experience ANOVA 0.306** No association

Qualification ANOVA 0.011 Association Income ANOVA 0.313** No association


**H0 Accepted.

Table 8: Demographic difference and Level of satisfaction towards provisions of welfare

measures inside the factory


Age ANOVA 0.001 Association

Gender Independent T Test 0.005 Association

Experience ANOVA 0.010 Association

Qualification ANOVA 0.043 Association

Income ANOVA 0.010 Association


** H0 Accepted.


REFERENCES

Anantharaman, R.N. and Subha, V., Job involvement, needs satisfaction, and organisational climate, Indian Journal of Applied Psychology, 17, 1980, 56-59.Ashifa, M. J. Volume 2, Issue 2 (February 2011) ISSN 2229-4848. A study on labour welfare measures in public sector transport Corporation Sri Krishna International Research & Educational Consortium , 2(2), 129140.Bilaspur, C. G., Ku, K. K. S., & Pathak, A. (2010). A Study of awareness of labour Welfare Measures in A., I(6), 2932.Jayanthi K, Ashok P, Manju V. (2012). A study on welfare measures in salem steel plant. Asian Journal of Research in Social Science and Humanities, (2-3), 180-197.Joseph, B., Injodey, J., & Varghese, R. (2009). Labour Welfare in India. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 24(1-2), 221242. doi:10.1080/15555240902849131

Koshan Manjulika, Labour Welfare in India in J.S. Uppal (ED), India?s Economic Problems, an analytical

Approach, Tata NC. Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1975, 203-219.Pathak, R. D. Job involvement and need satisfaction of bank officers in India.Saiyadin S.Mirza, Voluntary Welfare in India, Lok Udyog October, 1983, PP.29-33.Solapur, T., Sahakari, J., & Laddha, R. L. (2012). A Study on Employee Welfare Strategies with Special Reference, 1(2231).Welfare, L., In, M., & Industries, C. (2012). ISSN?: 2249-5894 ISSN?: 2249-5894, 2(7), 257264.Zacharaiah, K.A., Industrial Relations and Personnel Problems A study with particular reference to Bombay, Asia Publishing House Bombay, 1954, P.28.

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