Genetic Engineering and Stem Cells

*Beyond pGLO

*Sticky Ends

*Restriction enzymes:*Have sticky ends or

overhangs of DNA.*This helps to “glue” in the

gene of interest in the right direction.*Must find a plasmid with the

appropriate sticky ends that match your gene.

*PCR

*Polymerase Chain Reaction*Taq polymerase*Nucleotides*Thermocycler

*http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/pcr.htm

*iPS stem Cells

*Model for gene therapy

*How might cell-based delivery avoid problems

associated with direct delivery

*Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

*How do you tell a cell has a certain

gene?

*Gel Electrophoresis:*http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/

gelelectrophoresis.html

*Gene Chip:*http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/ani

mations/content/dnachips2.html*How could gene chip technology transform

medicine as we know it?

*What is cloning?

*Learn how a mouse is cloned.*http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloni

ng/clickandclone/

*Many copies of identical mice are cloned from mouse embryos. You can have essentially 1000 identical twins with the same genetics.*This has been used in science for many

years.

*Problems with cloning from adult cells

*Epigenetic patterns already in place (how is DNA tagged to turn genes on and off?)*Transplantation process is costly.*Cells are genetically “older”. Telomerase

has been deactivated.