beyond the rf photogun
DESCRIPTION
Beyond the RF photogun. Jom Luiten Seth Brussaard Fred Kiewiet - RF photogun Benjamin Canuel Dimitri Vyuga - DC photogun Marieke de Loos - GPT Bas van der Geer - GPT Jan Botman Marnix van der Wiel. Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands. Pancake bunches & Extreme fields. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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12
Beyond the RF photogunJom Luiten
Seth Brussaard Fred Kiewiet - RF photogun
Benjamin CanuelDimitri Vyuga - DC photogun
Marieke de Loos - GPTBas van der Geer - GPT
Jan BotmanMarnix van der Wiel
Eindhoven University of Technology
Netherlands
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12
Target bunch:
Energy: 10 MeVPeak Current: 1 kA X-ray SASE FELEmittance: 1 mm mrad Length: 100 fs injector for LWFACharge: 100 pC
Pancake bunches & Extreme fields
high pressure SF6
Laser-triggered spark gap:
1 GV/m during 1 ns (BNL)
50 fs UV laser pulse
30 m
1 mm
Keep bunches short during acceleration - no magnetic compression!
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12Outline
• Pancake bunches accelerated in uniform fields– Space charge fields in pancake bunches– Longitudinal phase space– Transverse phase space
• GPT simulations– 2 MeV DC gun– DC + RF gun (2+8 MeV)– 10 MeV 1 GV/m DC gun?
• Experimental progress– 2 MeV DC gun– 8 MeV, 2½ cell RF photogun
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12Space charge fields in pancake bunches
Lab frame
0 MeV L/R=0
2 MeV L/R=0.3
10 MeV L/R=1.2R
L
bunch=100 fs, R=0.5 mm, Q=100 pC
Rest frame
Rr
Er/Es
0
0R
R
0 L/2-L/2
1
1
1
Long. field Radial field
-½
Ez/Es
0 L/2-L/2
½
½
-½
-L/2 L/2
Z
0
-½ 0
½
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12Longitudinal phase space
z0
Ez
E0
Ez
z0
E0
E0-Es
z0
Ez
E0
E0-Es
Peak current in surface charge regime:
E0=1 GV/m, R=0.5 mm I0=4 kA
(cf. Serafini et al., NIMA 387, 305 (1997))
+ -
++ -
-
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12Transverse phase space
x
px• Worst case: L/R=0 geometry
• Negligible radial motion
RMS normalized emittance:
1γγlogπREε
Q0.038ε 2
00xn,
0.5 1 1.5 2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Z (mm)
n,x
( mm mrad)E0=1 GV/m R=0.5 mm Q=100 pC
Incl. thermal emittance
Excl. thermal emittance
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12GPT simulations: 2 MeV DC gun (1)
(Van der Geer et al., PRE 65, 046501 (2002))
Q=100 pC, R=0.5 mm, E0=1 GV/m
Evaluate bunch at z=4.5 mm
Highly nonlinear radial fields at iris!
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12GPT simulations: 2 MeV DC gun (2)
Longitudinal phase space at z=4.5 mm:
•FWHM bunch length 73 fs
•Energy spread ~ 2%
•Peak current 1.2 kA
In agreement with simple model!
100 fs
2%
1.2 kA
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12GPT simulations: 2 MeV DC gun (3)
RMS normalized transverse emittance at z=4.5 mm:
n=0.4 mm mrad
• nonlinear electrostatic emittance compensation! (spherical aberration cancels nonlinear space charge fields)
• uniform field results in agreement with simple model.
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12GPT simulations: DC + RF gun (1)
2 MV across 2 mm
RF
Cylindrically symmetric
2½ cell 8 MeV S-band RF booster
Solenoid field strength 0.42-0.52 T
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12GPT simulations: DC + RF gun (2)
Hollow cathode surface (radius of curvature 3 mm) to minimize beam divergence.
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12GPT simulations: DC + RF gun (3)
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
z [m]
0
1
2
3
4
5
Rad
ius
[mm
]
Particle trajectories for B=0.46 T
At z = 0.2 m:
• n = 1.0 mm mrad
• zFWHM/c = 250 fs
• I = 400 A
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12GPT simulations: DC + RF gun (4)
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12GPT simulations : DC + RF gun (5)
En
ergy
[M
eV]
Position [fs]
Cu
rren
t [A]
9.4
9.6
-200 0 2000
200
400
Longitudinal phasespace
At z=200 mm.
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12
10 MeV 1GV/m DC gun?
Requirement: pulses with picosecond rise time!
t0t1t2t3
electrons
trigger laser
Electrons accelerated by transverse E-fields in coaxial lines
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12
Spark-gap plasma column
3 mm
4 m
m
2 MV
1 ns
Near threshold / Tunneling ionization:
Laser intensity > 1018 W/m2
High power Ti:Sapphire laser:
50 mJ / 50 fs = 1 TW
plasma diameter = 0.3 mm
1.5 MV in less than 1 picosecond
E < 1GV/m
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12GPT simulations: 12 MeV pulsed DC gun (1)
2 MV, 1 ns pulse
Laser trigger
Accelerator structure
Electron bunch
Spark-gaps
25 mm
EM field calculations:
CST Microwave Studio
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12GPT simulations: 12 MeV pulsed DC gun (2)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
z [mm]
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Em
itta
nce
[p
i mm
mra
d]
Em
itta
nce
[p
i mm
mra
d]
z [mm]
30.52 30.54 30.56 30.58
z [mm]
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
Cu
rre
nt
[A]
z [mm]I = 0.7 kA; n=0.6 mm mrad @ 12 MeV
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12Experimental status: Pulsed DC acceleration
Brookhaven National lab:
1 MV (5 MV?) pulses
1 GV/m @ 1 ns
1 ns
Under construction @ TU/e:
2.5 MV pulses
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12Experimental status: RF Photogun
TE10 modeTEM mode
Movable short
Doorknob(DESY)
10 MW2.998 GHz2½ cell8 MeV
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12f0=2998.0 MHz
Q=6500
Reflection < 1%
Superfish:
Measurement:
0-mode: -mode:Intermediate mode:
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Ref
lect
ion
[dB
]
2.992 2.994 2.996 2.998 3.000
Frequency [GHz]
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
|E/E
max
|
Position [mm]
Superfish Measurement
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12Experimental setup RF photogun
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12First results RF photogun:
Beam on phosphorescent screen:
Energy : 5..6 MeV
Charge : 100 .. 500 pC
UV laser power : 50 J
1 mm
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12Summary
RF photogun DC/RF hybrid
multi stage DC?Operational
Single stage DC DC + RF Multi stage DC
energy 2 MeV 10 MeV 12 MeV
current 1.2 kA 0.4 kA 0.7 kA
n0.4 mm mrad 1.0 mm mrad 0.6 mm mrad