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    1. PAINT / PAINTING INSPECTION - PAPER 1

    B-gas Grade - 1

    1. Describe the foo!i"g ter#s a$ S%ash &o"e b$ 'ac(et c$ Caisso"

    Splash zone: 2.5 mt + 12 mt above the L.A.T.Jacket: Welded support rame o the platorm tubular.

    !a"sson: #pen ended p"pe that runs rom tops"des to the sea bottom. $as pumps

    and "lters to take %aste a%a&.

    ). *hich stat+tor, i"str+#e"t doc+#e"t reates to safet, for offshore

    S' ( 1)*1. The oshore saet& reulat"on 1*,-.

    . ist the safet, #eas+res re0+ired for oer the side !or(i"g i" desce"di"gorder of %refere"ce if scaffodi"g is "ot %racticabe.

    /a"l barr"er

    Saet& netSaet& belt l"ne

    /escue boat and rad"o

    0ull l"e acket.

    2. *ho is +ti#ate, res%o"sibe for safet, at offshore

    #.'. ( # shore "nstallat"on manaer.

    3. Na#e fo+r dec(s o" a %atfor#.

    $el"(deck

    Sp"der(deck

    3r"ll"n(deck

    !ellar(deck.

    4. Na#e three #a5or da"gers6 !hich e7ist !he" !or(i"g offshore

    0all"n overboard4 "re eplos"on and adverse %eather 6ales 7 storms8

    8. Na#e three #ethods of (ee%i"g a %atfor# i" a fi7ed %ositio".

    9"l"n4 sem" submers"ble4 mater"al support4 acket les4 sea tank.

    9. :o! are esca%e ro+tes ide"tified o" a" offshore %atfor#

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    & arro%s cut out o relect"n str"ps and "ed on top o the non(sk"d des"nated

    deck. 3eck coat"n: 1))(mm ( 9r"me route4 5)(mm ( Sea route.

    ;. *hat %reca+tio"s #+st be obsered !he" boardi"g a"d traei"g i"

    heico%ters

    All as descr"bed "n the !.A.A. course %h"ch &ou must attend beore travell"n

    oshore.

    1

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    describe ho! it !or(s.

    !ement"ous and 'ntumescent are t%o t&pes o "reproo coat"ns. 'ntumescent

    coat"ns are the preerred ones or oshore coat"n "n h&drocarbon "res and

    cellulos"c "res. The& s%ell upto man& t"mes the"r th"ckness thus dela&"n the "respread upto 2))u"rements.Lare an spra&s4 vert"cal and hor"zontal parallel passes4 non(oran"c pa"nt"ns

    should overlap b& 5)

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    PAPER ). PAINTING GRADE 1 @B-gas$ - O==S:ORE.

    1. *hat does a Radio#a" f+fi

    $e "s a look out person. $e keeps "n three %a& contact dur"n and over the s"te

    operat"on. $e should also be on hand %here the people are %ork"n "n vessels orenclosed space "n oshore. To summon help "n case o acc"dent "n the rad"o

    operator?s o"ce.

    ). *hat doc+#e"t does a %ai"t i"s%ector "eed to ("o! to !or( o" offshore

    The oshore saet& reulat"on 1*,- S' ( 1)*1.

    ed"cal cert""cate4 passport4 l"eboat surv"val tra"n"n4 (as approval.

    . Gie a ist of d+ties a" N.R.P. #ight %erfor#.

    'nchare o des"nated areas o the platorm. 'ssu"n hot and cold perm"ts.

    /ece"v"n completed %ork perm"ts4 check"n %ork carr"ed out on perm"t. Area

    author"t& #.'..

    2. *h, are areas e"ca%s+ated a"d gie !a,s i" !hich this co+d be do"e

    To protect "nstruments and "re protect"on e>u"pment?s dur"n blast"n4 clean"n and

    pa"nt"n operat"ons. 3ur"n ma"ntenance %ork4 completel& cover the areas "n

    plast"c sheets or mask o4 or cl"mat"c or saet& reasons.

    3. *hat %ossibe %robe#s !o+d a" i"s%ector #eet at offshore

    a8 $"h chane "n the %eather cond"t"ons.b8 /ap"d chane o t"dal cond"t"ons.

    c8 ovements o hel"copters and boats.

    d8 Access to %ork dur"n dr&"n t"mes.

    4. :o! !o+d a" i"s%ector co##+"icate !ith his boss bac( to bac(

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    Csuall& meet or hal an hour or so at the sh"t chane4 " there %as a ser"ous

    problem to epla"n or leave a hand %r"tten report or h"m "n h"s lobook.

    8. :o! !o+d ,o+ deter#i"e that a co"tractors %a"t a"d e0+i%#e"t !as safe to

    +se

    All plant e>u"pment used on oshore must have cal"brat"on cert""cates4

    ma"ntenance record deta"ls dated and s"ned b& approved aent.

    9. *h, is #as(i"g carried o+t a"d !hat areas #ight "eed this

    To protect sens"t"ve e>u"pment 6electr"cal and "nstruments8 "n part"cular rom

    damae dur"n ma"ntenance operat"on. Also the p"pe %ork and colour codedsect"ons has to be masked o beore be"n spra&ed b& d"erent pa"nts to protect

    areas that are not pa"nted.

    ;. Gie reaso"s !h, the s+b#erged &o"e is "ot a!a,s coated.

    Submered zone "s d""cult to pa"nt because o "ts pos"t"on. Also because o %ater

    and lack o o&en present4 the rate o corros"on "s not so ser"ous and also

    sacr""c"al anodes are used.

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    1. *hat are the t!o t,%es of test6 !hich are carried o+t for cathodic

    disbo"d#e"t

    Stat"c test or submered coat"ns.!&cl"c test or splash zone coat.

    12. *hat is the tite of CPC - 133 a"d !hich is the c+rre"t iss+e

    T"tle (1,5!4 9a"nt counc"l(1** 'ssue 24 !9! ( compan& pract"ces or pa"nt.

    13. *hat do the foo!i"g refer to

    AL ( Alum"n"umS ( r"t"sh standard

    !S ( !arbon steel!u ( copper

    $SD ( $ealth saet& env"ronmentLAT ( Lo%est astronom"cal t"de

    '# ( "caceous "ron o"de

    =' ( ="ckelS' ( Statutor& "nstrument

    SS ( Sta"nless steel

    E= ( E"nc.

    14. *hat are red+ced .O.C. coati"gs

    0or F.#.!. coat"ns p"ments carr& more %ater emuls"on b"nders. 't "s %ater based.Solvents are reatl& reduced.

    18. *hat i"for#atio" #+st a %ai"t #a"+fact+rer %ri"t o" a %ai"t ti"

    ethod o use 6brush or spra&84 t&pe o pa"nt4 product"on date4 shel l"e4

    con"rmat"ve %"th (as spec""cat"on are the th"ns that should be pr"nted on apa"nt t"n.

    19. *hat res+ts #+st be %+bished b, a %ai"t #a"+fact+rer regardi"g the

    0+aities of his %ai"ts

    The ollo%"n are the results that have to be publ"shed b& the manuacturer.

    !ompos"t"on 6p"ment4 b"nder 7 volat"les8 anuacturer?s name9roduct descr"pt"on Folume o sol"ds

    F"scos"t& #pac"t&

    !over"n po%er 6loss8 Abras"on res"stant'mpact res"stant 3ens"t& and adhes"on.

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    1;. *hat i"for#atio" does the %ai"t #a"+fact+rer hae to s+%%, to the

    co"tractor

    ater"al data sheets4 health and saet& "normat"on reard"n the products.

    )

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    Test panels are blasted to Sa standard4 then accord"n to test re>u"red "nstruct"ons.

    0or rust rade ater blast"n "t "s let "n the atmosphere or 2 ( months. Test panels

    are then d"pped "n sea%ater. 3r& or 2 or m"nutes4 then coat.

    )9. *hat t,%e of co#%o"e"ts co#es +"der ide"tificatio" #ar(i"g of %ai"ts

    /elect"ve plast"c str"ps.

    );. :o! do ,o+ decide !hat grade of %re%aratio" "eeds to be carried o+t

    3epends on the des"n l"e.

    u"red 3.0.T.

    4. *hat doc+#e"t sho+d be +sed as a refere"ce for the %roced+res to re#oe

    co"ta#i"atio" fro# a s+rface

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    S ,),*.

    8. *hat t,%e of ris( assess#e"ts are oo(ed for !he" +"derta(i"g a cea"i"g a"d

    %ai"ti"g %roced+re

    1. $o% sae "s the area.

    2. 3aner ( $ealth and saet&.. !#S$$.

    ;. =eed o cl"mate cond"t"ons and l"ht"n.

    9. *ho is res%o"sibe for the trai"i"g of %erso""e to !or( offshore

    The contractor must arrane or h"s people to be tra"ned.

    ;. *hat are the re0+ire#e"ts for oerside !or(i"g

    bar ra"l4 scaolds4 board toes4 saet& net4 saet& l"ne4 l"e belt4 boat %"th rad"ocontact.

    2u"rement4 blast"n e>u"pment?s4 checks or a"r

    pur"t&4 observat"on o roue peaks ".e. uneven ampl"tude4 h"h po"nts should beabraded.

    b8 9a"nt"n procedures: !orrect usae o pa"nts as re>u"red b& the spec""cat"on4

    colours4 v"sual check or an& sk"nn"n or ell"n o pa"nt4 %hether t"n "s sealedbeore "rst use4 shel l"e4 pot l"e4 pa"nt m""n rat"os and appropr"ate th"nner>uant"t& added to the pa"nt4 v"sual observat"on o the pa"nt s&stem or an& pa"nt

    deects.

    c8 !lean"n up o area o operat"ons: /emoval o pa"nt debr"s and d"sposed as perlocal rules4 don?t "re.

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    PAPER - . @B-gas6 Pai"ti"g Grade 1$ COATINGS

    1. Gie as #+ch i"for#atio" as ,o+ ca" for the foo!i"g s+rfaces %re%aratio"

    a"d %ai"t s,ste#s.

    a8 'nternal suraces o potable %ater tanks: $.S.!. should be coated to Sa . last

    med"a must be removed. 'ndustr"al vacuum cleaners are ver& ood and >u"ck.All %elds must be str"p coated. Appl& (coat s&stem 6as recommended b& data

    sheets8. 't must be 1))< hol"da& detected b& %et spone method. 't should

    have )) m"crons d..t h"h bu"ld epo&.

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    b8 ater"als operat"n at elevated temperature: 't should be blast cleaned to Sa .

    't must have a proven track record l"ke "noran"c z"nc s"l"cate and mod""ed

    s"l"cone sealers4 pol& s"loene.

    c8 !oat"n des"ned or l"v"n >uarters and ho% the& %ork: 'ntumescent to 2))c.

    The& s%ell up to man& t"mes there o%n th"ckness and the %"re mesh screen

    holds them toether as the coat"n turns to a carbonaceous char. Also the&

    should be rated A.-) or $.12)d8 Splash zone coat"ns: 't should be blasted to Sa 2 1G2. As per manuacture

    spec""cat"on4 mostl& coal tar epo& or lass lakes are used. 't must be 1))u"pment?s: 't should be masked o to protect themrom the preparat"on and pa"nt"n operat"ons. Surace preparat"on to St 4 hand

    abrade4 acr&l"c coat to 2)) m"crons d..t.

    h8 Submered zone: 't can be pa"nted us"n pa"nt s&stem that can be cured under%ater. The& ma& be unpa"nted4 as th"s area "s a slo% corros"on area. 3ue to lo%

    o&en 4 coal tar epo& as that o splash zone can be appl"ed.

    "8 Top s"de ma"ntenance: #perat"ons to be carr"ed out b& po%er clean"n to St .Appl& alum epo& pr"mer. ostl& hand clean"n preparat"ons onl& carr"ed out.rush appl"ed coat"n %"th urethane acr&l"c upto ,) m"crons d..t.

    8 Halvan"zed steel structures: S%eep blast and appl&.

    9o%er %"re brush ( appl& t%o damaed areas4 epo& mast"c chlor"nated res"n.k8 9"pel"ne r"ser "n the splash zone: 't should be coated same as all other steel

    %ork "n that zone.

    l8 3eck coat"ns: 't should be non(sl"p escape s&stem. #ver the top coat"nscreened coat and seeler should be appl"ed. (pack copol&mer "s appl"ed 2(;mm

    PAPER - 2. PAINTING GRADE 1 @B-gas$

    1. *hat do ,o+ +"dersta"d b, the foo!i"g ter#s

    a8 L.A.T: Lo%est astronom"cal t"de.

    b8 Dlevat"on: S"de v"e% o a platorm accord"n to l.a.t.

    c8 Splash zone: 't has a d"mens"oned area. =o other deck has th"s. 't "s (2.5 ts. to

    +12 ts. o the l.a.t.9ae 11 o

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    ). *hich stat+tor, i"str+#e"t doc+#e"t reates to safet, at offshore

    S1 ( 1)1*

    . *hat are the re0+ire#e"ts for i"s%ecti"g scaffodi"g +sed at offshore

    't must be "nspected b& competent >ual""ed personnel onl&4 ever& seven da&s and

    al%a&s ater adverse %eather.

    2. :o! is safe scaffodi"g ide"tified

    & the colour4 reen ta.

    3. ist the safet, #eas+res re0+ired for oer the side !or(i"g i" desce"di"gorder of %refere"ce if scaffodi"g is "ot %racticabe.

    Saet& nets4 saet& belt l"ne and l"e acket.

    4. Na#e t!o t,%es of %er#it to !or( a"d gie a" e7a#%e o" each.

    $ot: All po%er dr"ven tools4 blast"n and spra&"n e>u"pments.

    !old: Work"n at he"hts4 rubb"n do%n4 house keep"n.

    8. *hat doc+#e"tatio" is re0+ired %rior to e"teri"g a esse at offshore

    A perm"t ma& be re>u"red over and above the hot or cold ones "ssued b& acompetent person to check %hether o&en "s "n ecess o 2)

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    !onductor: Jo"ns r"ser p"pel"nes to tops"de p"pe %ork.

    1). *hat sho+d ,o+ do i##ediate, after arrii"g o" a" offshore %atfor#

    ook "n and attend saet& br"e"n.

    1. :o! are offshore %atfor#s ide"tified

    't "s "dent""ed b& operator?s name4 name o o"l or as "eld. Letter des"nat"on s"n

    "s black and &ello% "n colour.

    12. ist three safet, co"sideratio"s for a offshore !or(ers !or(i"g o" a

    %rod+ctio" %atfor#.

    13. *ho iss+es !or( %er#its

    =om"nated respons"ble person.

    14. =or ho! o"g #+st a %erso" !or( offshore before offshore s+ria trai"i"g

    beco#es co#%+sor,A v"s"tor %ho v"s"ts a platorm does not sta& overn"ht4 or not more than ourt"mes a &ear and must re"ster h"s v"s"t ever& t"me on the r".

    18. :o! ofte" is a #edica chec( re0+ired for %erso""e !or(i"g at offshore

    elo% ;) &ears ( &ears

    et%een ;) ( 5) &ears ( 2 &ears#ver 5) &ears ( &earl&.

    19. :o! are esca%e ro+tes ide"tified o" a" offshore %atfor#

    & relect"ve str"ps4 b& arro%s over the spec""ed deck coat4 pr"mar& routes

    (1))ts4 secondar& routes ( 5) ts.

    1;. Na#e three #ethods of (ee%i"g a %atfor# i" fi7ed %ositio"

    Steel p"l"n4 att support and sea tanker.

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    )u"red or the "nspector.

    )). Edd, c+rre"t %ai"t thic("ess #etres a"d eectrica ther#o#etrs #a, "ot be

    ao!ed at offshore6 !h,

    9oss"b"l"t& o spark rom batter"es "s the reason or not allo%"n the above sa"dmeters.

    ). E7%ai" the foo!i"g ter#s %atfor#6 #od+e a"d 5ac(et.

    9latorm: Structures rom %here operat"ons4 dr"ll"n and product"on start atoshore.

    odule: Lare boes %h"ch conta"n accommodat"on and compressor etc.4

    Jacket: 't "s the support structure o a platorm.

    )2. *hich doc+#e"ts are ,o+ re0+ired to hae before boardi"g a heico%ter to go

    offshore

    !.A.A. course cert""cate4 board"n card4 med"cal cert""cate4 saet& surv"val

    cert""cate and passport.

    )3. *hat is the abbreiatio" for O.I.

    #shore "nstallat"on manaer.

    )4. *hat is the statio" bi

    't "s the not"ce board located outs"de the rad"o o"cer?s o"ce.

    )8. *hat #+st be !or" beo! the cear dec(

    A surv"val su"t and a ull l"e acket.

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    )9. I" a" e#erge"c, !hat is the differe"ce bet!ee" a" i"ter#itte"t sire" a"d a

    fashi"g ight6 a"d a co"ti"+o+s sire" a"d a red ight

    'nterm"ttent s"ren and lashl"ht prepare to abandon r"4 %hereas cont"nuous s"renand red l"ht "nd"cates to abandon r".

    );. *hat is br+c(er ca%s+e

    't "s an escape vessel. 't "s a ull& covered l"eboat.

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    't "s the lo%est deck. Splash zone %alk%a& bet%een braces and conductors.

    9. *ho is a sta"db, #a" or radio#a"

    $e "s a person used "n the vessel or near enclosed spaces "n cases o emerenc&. $e

    must be al%a&s present "n person and on the look out./ad"oman ( he "s a %a& contact4 h"msel4 %ork team and standb& boat.

    ;. :o! is a %ai"t a%%icatio" e0+i%#e"t earthed for +se at offshore

    last clean"n and spra& e>u"pment shall be cont"nuousl& electr"call& bonded rom

    nozzle to the surace be"n pa"nted and back%ard rom nozzle to the compressor4%h"ch shall be earthed.

    2< *hat is the #i"i#+# e"gth of "o&&e for !et basti"g at offshore

    #ne metre lon.

    21. Na#e three t,%es of fo+a"t

    An"mals4 plant and m"cro(oran"sm.

    2). Describe the #ea"i"g of :-1)< i" reatio" to fire %rotectio".

    $ ( $&drocarbon and 12) m"nutes "s the t"me or the "re proo4 %h"ch "s re>u"red toprotect &ou.

    2. *hat is :P / A of a str+ct+ra #e#ber

    't "s the rat"o o the heated prem"er o the steel to "ts cross(sect"onal area.

    22. Na#e the t!o #a5or t,%es of fire%roof coati"gs.

    1. !ement"ous

    2. 'ntumesceen 'ntumescent.

    23. Describe a t,%ica #ethod +sed to (ee% a er, thic( fire %roof coati"g adhered

    o" to a stee s+bstrate.

    A t&p"cal method "s b& the use o %"re nett"n 6re"norced84 p"nned to the substrate

    b& %eld"n.

    24. Na#e fo+r t,%es of a"ti-fo+i"g coati"gs a"d brief, describe ho! the, !or(.

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    1. Soluble matr" t&pe: Water(soluble b"nder4 release o res"ns.

    2. !ontact "nsoluble matr" t&pe: 'nsoluble b"nder4 release o cuprous o"de.

    . 3"us"on t&pe: !hlor"nated rubber or v"n&l b"nder releases oran"c solvents and

    d"uses out.;. Wash o or sel pol"sh t&pe: !opol&mer"sed acr&l"c b"nder. Dros"on %ashes o.

    't "s used "n oshore structures.

    28. O" !hat %arts of a" offshore str+ct+re are a"ti-fo+a"ts a%%ied

    Sub and splash zone les and upto e"ht metres o the L.A.T.

    29. Na#e t!o co##o" t,%es of to7ic #ateria +sed i" a"ti-fo+a"ts.

    !uprous o"de4 oranot"n4 mercur& arsen"c ( restr"cted use.

    2;. Na#e fo+r e"iro"#e"ta factors that !i goer" the effectie ife of a"a"ti-fo+i"g coati"g.

    1. Wave speed

    2. $"h sal"n"t& o %ater

    . Water temperature eros"on;. $"h p$ levels

    3

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    32. Na#e fie !a,s a fire %rotectie coati"g ca" i"s+ate fro# fire.

    1. A thermall& "nsulat"n la&er

    2. A barr"er to eclude o&en rom the combust"on surace. The ormat"on o a heat res"stant and non combust la&er

    ;. The evolut"on o non combust ases or %ater to >uench the lames

    5. The removal o a "re attached outer surace to reveal a cooler surace.

    33. *hat t,%e of fire %roof coati"g is c+rre"t, i" fao+r for +se at offshore

    'ntumescent.

    34. :o! are a"ti-fo+i"g coati"gs a%%ied

    't "s usuall& appl"ed b& a"rless spra&.

    38. The B-gas draft s%ecificatio" e"tited S%ecificatio" for %ai"ti"g a"d coati"g

    of offshore str+ct+res reated e0+i%#e"t %ro%erties a"d %erfor#a"ce of %ai"ts

    a"d coati"gs is the - BG / OS / PS / 1)

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    4. =or !hat dista"ce #+st s+rface %re%aratio" oera% o"to ad5ace"t %ai"ted

    areas.

    5) mm.

    42. *hat s+rface %re%aratio" #ethod is +sed !ithi" o"e ho+r of abrasie !et

    basti"g

    9r"mer coated4 pressure %ashed %"th resh potable %ater.

    43. Is it %er#issibe to +se i"hibitors for !et basti"g

    =o. The& can leave a depos"t on the surace.

    44. *hat is the te#%erat+re6 de! %oi"t a"d reatie h+#idit, restrictio" for fi"ish

    basti"g

    3e% po"nt should be above c above the substrate temperature. /$ should not be

    h"her than 5

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    8). *hat a%%icatio" re0+ire#e"ts are s%ecified for the s%ra, a%%icatio" of %ai"t

    to arge s+rface area

    & a"rless spra& ollo%"n manuacturers "nstruct"ons. Cn"orm parallel passes haveto be ollo%ed.

    8. Na#e si7 areas o" the offshore str+ct+re that #+st hae coati"gs a%%ied

    -BS8);.

    Hrat"ns4 ladders4 caes4 handra"ls4 standard %alk%a&s4 k"ck plates and duct %ork.

    82. Ca" stai"ess stee s+rfaces be %ai"ted If so disc+ss the reaso"s for %ai"ti"g

    the#.

    @es4 the& can be pa"nted4 " the area "s under "nsulat"on to prevent chlor"de("nst"ated corros"on and or protect"on rom heat.

    83. *hich %roced+re !o+d ta(e %recede"ce if there is a co"fict bet!ee" the

    %ro5ect s%ecificatio" a"d the 1) -

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    '=

    91. =or !hich coati"gs is 1

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    $eav& dut& deck areas4 maor %ear4 non(sk"d areas4 copol&mers screed4 escape

    route4 hel"deck4 sk"d deck and dr"ll deck.

    ;1. *hat fi"ish coat is s%ecified for the to%side &o"e a"d !h,

    Cltrav"olet4 urethane acr&l"cs are the "n"sh coats spec""ed. 't has ood res"stance4

    loss retent"on4 eas"l& cleared and stron b"nder "mpermeable.

    ;). Is the %ai"ti"g of gaa"i&ed s+rfaces s%ecified Disc+ss.

    @es. ecause the hot d"p suraces must be "n compl"ance %"th S ,2* also there are

    s&stems or #Gcoat"n alvan"zed "tems and the repa"r o damaed alvan"zed areas

    b& epo& mast"cs. !olour code to be "ven.

    ;. *hat t,%e of s+rface %re%aratio" is s%ecified if it is "ecessar, to coat C+-Ni orNi ao,s

    The surace has to be dereased4 l"htl& abraded and %ashed %"th resh %ater and

    dr"ed. !oat %"th urethane or epo& etch pr"mer onl& on alum"n"um. 3o not blast

    clean.

    ;2. =or !hat a%%icatio" #a, &i"c siicate !ith a seaer be s%ecified

    Atmospheres at h"h elevated temperature 121c to 5)c4 lare stacks4 turb"ne

    ehausts and as per manuacturer?s spec""cat"on.

    ;3. :o! are da#aged coati"gs %re%ared a"d re%aired !he" the, hae "ot e7%osed

    the #eta s+rface

    3amaed coat"ns should be su"tabl& cleaned and chamered to ensure patch

    coat"n "s cont"nuous. The bu"ld up "s to be upto the spec""ed th"ckness and

    s&stems.

    ;4. Coati"g #+st "ot co#e !ithi" fift, ##for %re%ari"g !eds.

    ;8. *hat is i"s+atio" +sed for

    't "s used or conserv"n heat4 cold4 or personnel protect"on4 rost and ant"(

    condensat"on.

    ;9. Na#e the three ge"era t,%es of #aterias +sed i" a" i"s+atio" s,ste#.

    !alc"um s"l"cate4 rock %ool4 epanded perl"te and mod""ed sla %ool.

    9ae 22 o

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    ;;. *hich B-gas s%ecificatio" a%%ies to aco+stic caddi"g

    H! ( 9S ( 9W !1

    1

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    1

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    Staer "nsulat"on4 "rst la&er o vapour seal"n compound4 scrum cloth embedded

    "n "rst seal"n4 second la&er o seal then cladd"n and band"n seal4 vapour seal and

    metal cladd"n are the "ve bas"c operat"ons.

    11;. :o! fre0+e"t, is bi"di"g !ire +sed !he" i"s+ati"g %i%e !or(s

    At 15) mm "ntervals.

    1)