big data implications - terry griffin
TRANSCRIPT
Big Data Implications for Agriculture
Terry Griffin, PhD, CCA Cropping Systems Economist
Department of Agricultural Economics
@SpacePlowboy #PrecisionAg #BigData #FarmData
Eastern Ontario Crop Conference Kemptville, ON February 14, 2017
Farmer’s Use of Precision Ag
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25
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75
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1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015
Perc
ent o
f Far
ms
Automated Guidance Lightbar Automated Section Control Precision Soil Samplin
Yield Monitor Yield Monitor with GPS Variable Rate Fert. Variable Rate Seed
Service providers’ use of technology
• 16% of service providers use UAVs
• Most common (72%) soil grid size = 2.5 ac – Smaller grid sizes used only 13% of time
• 20% use telematics in 2015 – Up from 15% in 2013
Erickson & Widmar, 2015
Data Analysis Service Offerings
82.0%
38.7%
19.5%
12.3%
9.2%
0% 50% 100%
Print Maps for Customers(Yield/EC/Soil Maps, etc.)
No Aggregate Data; Individual FarmData Only
Data Aggregated Among Farmers ButNot Outside the Dealership
Data Aggregated Among FarmersIncluding Those Outside the
Dealership
Do Not Help Customers With TheirFarm-Level Data
% of Respondents
2015 Base: 261 respondents
Erickson & Widmar, 2015
Managing Farm-Level Data to Assist Customers in Decision Making
Small data
Big data
Big data
Precision profitability over time
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2013 2015
% of
res
pond
ents
off
erin
g pr
ecis
ion
serv
ices
mak
ing
a pr
ofit
Soil SamplingSingle Variable Rate ApplicationMulti Variable Rate ApplicationSatellite ImageryYield Monitor Data AnalysisTotal Precision Package
2015 Base: 261
Erickson & Widmar, 2015
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Thinking about Farm Data
• Data is intangible and irreplaceable – “non-rival” – “Excludable” and/or “non-excludable”
• Copies of digital data identical to original • Value lies in its use, not in the possession
– Data tombs are common (and worthless) – ‘data has no value’
• Anonymity does not exist with big data
Community Data Analysis
• Community Participation: Value to Farmer vs Network • Value of primary use < value of secondary use
Image credit: Fox Photos/Getty Images
Data Primary Use Secondary Use
Yield monitor data Documenting yields On-farm trials Splitting crop shares
GxExM analyses
Soil sample data Fertilizer decisions Regional compliance Algorithm development
Scouting Spray decisions Regional analytics Early alerts
As-applied fertility On-farm trials Compliance
Algorithm development
Single Field vs Community
Are value of secondary uses > primary uses?
Need 1 field Need many fields
Farm Data as a Resource
• Reluctant to share data • Data is intangible resource • Ramification of relinquishing control?
– Gives up bargaining power – Fear own data used against them
Source: Shanoyan and Griffin
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2010 2015
Mbi
t pe
r se
cond
Are FCC-Defined Broadband Speed Enough?
down up
Broadband Speeds Enough?
• UAV imagery example (Buschermohle, U of Tennessee) – 40 acre field with 17 pictures ~ 111 MB (almost 3 MB/acre) – 92 acres with 152 pictures ~ 450MB (almost 5 MB/acre)
• Other sensor and prescription data (Shearer, tOSU) – Spraying 0.3 MB/acre – Planting 5.5 MB/acre – Yield data 4.2 MB/acre – Soil/Fertility Data 0.6 MB/acre – Prescription files 0.01 MB/acre
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2010 2015M
bit
per
seco
nd
down up
FCC Broadband Definition: 2010 to 2014
Source: http://www.broadbandmap.gov/speed
Opportunities
Stolen from: Shannon Ferrell
“Future” of Farm Data
• Wireless infrastructure impacts farmland values
• Secondary uses recognized as valuable – If yield monitor malfunctions, harvester stops for repair
• Data quality viewed as important
– Small data at the grower:farm:field level – Big data at the community level
• Going off grid not sustainable
Acknowledgements
Dr. Shannon L. Ferrell Associate Professor, Agricultural Law Dept. of Agricultural Economics Oklahoma State University
Dr. Aleksan Shanoyan Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Economics Kansas State University
Terry Griffin Cropping Systems Economist [email protected] 501.249.6360 @SpacePlowboy