Big Test ReviewBig Test Review

99thth grade overview grade overview

Social studies basics:Social studies basics:– What are some different ways we learn What are some different ways we learn

about the past?about the past?– What are some important themes?What are some important themes?

The Social StudiesThe Social Studies HistorianHistorian: Person who studies the past : Person who studies the past

through researching & creating documentsthrough researching & creating documents

GeographerGeographer: Someone who studies the : Someone who studies the earth’s physical environment and human earth’s physical environment and human habitathabitat

The Social StudiesThe Social Studies

SociologistSociologist: Person who studies & : Person who studies & classifies the ways humans behave in classifies the ways humans behave in groupsgroups

AnthropologistAnthropologist: Person who studies : Person who studies the origins and social relationships of the origins and social relationships of peoplepeople

ArcheologistArcheologist: Person who studies : Person who studies ancient civilizations by examining the ancient civilizations by examining the materials they left behind.materials they left behind.

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SourcesSources

Primary Source:Primary Source: Document created Document created

by someone who by someone who was there as event was there as event was happeningwas happening– DiaryDiary– PicturePicture

Secondary Secondary SourceSource

Document Document created by created by someone who someone who wasn’t there as wasn’t there as the event was the event was happeninghappening– TextbookTextbook

Geographic Geographic FeatureFeature

ImpactImpact Specific ExampleSpecific Example

RiversRivers Provides fresh water for Provides fresh water for drinking, trade, irrigationdrinking, trade, irrigation

Nile in EgyptNile in Egypt

MountainsMountains Act as barriersAct as barriers Greek city-Greek city-statesstates

DesertsDeserts Act as barriersAct as barriers Gobi desert in Gobi desert in ChinaChina

PlainsPlains Flat areas easy to farm Flat areas easy to farm and travel alongand travel along

Persian Persian EmpireEmpire

OceansOceans Act as barriers and trade Act as barriers and trade routesroutes

Indian Indian monsoon monsoon traderstraders

IslandsIslands Isolate societies, Isolate societies, encourage tradeencourage trade

Minoans, Minoans, PhoeniciansPhoenicians

Dawn of humanityDawn of humanity What was life like for early humans?What was life like for early humans?

What changed that lifestyle?What changed that lifestyle?

What effects did the Neolithic What effects did the Neolithic revolution have? It was after all a revolution have? It was after all a revolution revolution

III. Early Humans/Neolithic III. Early Humans/Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

Life Before the Life Before the Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

The Neolithic The Neolithic RevolutionRevolution

Life After the Life After the Neolithic RevolutionNeolithic Revolution

Small groups of Small groups of hunters and hunters and gatherersgatherers

Short, difficult Short, difficult liveslives

Domestication Domestication of plants and of plants and animalsanimals

(farming)(farming)

Larger societies Larger societies organized organized around around farmlandsfarmlands

CitiesCities

GovernmentGovernment

WritingWriting

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

Name some…Name some…

How were those How were those societies societies structured and structured and organized?organized?

What impact did What impact did geography have geography have on those places?on those places?

Early River Valley CivilizationsEarly River Valley CivilizationsRiver Valley River Valley CivilizationCivilization

Social Social CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Political Political CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Economic Economic CharacteristicsCharacteristics

EgyptEgypt

Hierarchical societyHierarchical society

Polytheistic religionPolytheistic religion

Literate. Literate.

King (Pharaoh) King (Pharaoh) (centralized (centralized government) government) Divine right of Divine right of Pharaoh Pharaoh

Based on trade & Based on trade & farmingfarming

(traditional)(traditional)

MesopotamiaMesopotamia

Hierarchical societyHierarchical society

Polytheistic religionPolytheistic religion

Literate, code of Literate, code of HammurabiHammurabi

King (centralized King (centralized government)government)

Based on trade & Based on trade & farmingfarming

(traditional)(traditional)

Indus River Indus River Valley/HarapValley/Harappapa

Hierarchical societyHierarchical society

Polytheistic religionPolytheistic religion

Literate, well-planned Literate, well-planned cities, sewers, grid cities, sewers, grid patternpattern

Centralized Centralized governmentgovernment

Based on trade & Based on trade & farmingfarming

(traditional)(traditional)

Huang He Huang He (Yellow (Yellow River)River)

Hierarchical societyHierarchical society

Polytheistic religionPolytheistic religion

LiterateLiterate

Emperor Emperor (centralized (centralized government) government) mandate of mandate of heavenheaven

Based on trade & Based on trade & farmingfarming

(traditional)(traditional)

ReligionsReligions Name the big ones, Name the big ones,

their founders, and their founders, and where they were where they were founded?founded?

What is sacred or What is sacred or important to those important to those religions?religions?

China:China: Who was China’s Who was China’s

most important most important early philosopher?early philosopher?

What gave What gave emperors the right emperors the right to rule? Explainto rule? Explain

What else can you What else can you remember about remember about Chinese civilization?Chinese civilization?

Why did the Chinese Why did the Chinese build the Great build the Great Wall?Wall?

The “Great” CivilizationsThe “Great” Civilizations

What do What do you you remembremember about er about Greece, Greece, Egypt, Egypt, and and Rome?Rome?

The Collapse of The Collapse of RomeRome

What happened What happened to Europe ?to Europe ?

How was How was European European society society organized organized after?after?

What was the What was the one thing that one thing that united united Europeans at Europeans at that point in that point in history?history?

Golden AgesGolden Ages Athenian Democracy – who was in Athenian Democracy – who was in

charge? What happened? Why is it charge? What happened? Why is it important?important?

Pax Romana? – who was in charge? Pax Romana? – who was in charge? What happened? Why is it What happened? Why is it important?important?

Gupta Dynasty – who was in charge? Gupta Dynasty – who was in charge? What happened? Why is it What happened? Why is it important?important?

Golden Ages… continuedGolden Ages… continued

Han Dynasty – who was in charge? Han Dynasty – who was in charge? What happened? Why is it What happened? Why is it important?important?

EnglandEngland

What was the Magna What was the Magna Carta?Carta?

When did it happen?When did it happen?– 12151215

Why is it important?Why is it important?– It limited the power of It limited the power of

the British monarchthe British monarch

The Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church How did the Church affect European How did the Church affect European

rulers?rulers?

Who and what broke the power of the Who and what broke the power of the Catholic church?Catholic church?

What conflict did the Catholic Church What conflict did the Catholic Church inspire? Why? What happened?inspire? Why? What happened?

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance What was it?What was it?

Where did it Where did it happen first?happen first?

Why is it Why is it important? How important? How did it change did it change things?things?

Scientific Revolution & Scientific Revolution & EnlightenmentEnlightenment

What were What were they?they?

Why are they Why are they important?important?

How did they How did they change things?change things?

Enlightenment thinkersEnlightenment thinkers LockeLocke

– People had People had natural rightsnatural rights (life, liberty, property) (life, liberty, property) RousseauRousseau

– Social ContractSocial Contract, , government comes from the government comes from the consent of the peopleconsent of the people

MontesquieuMontesquieu– Separation of powersSeparation of powers

VoltaireVoltaire– CandideCandide, religious freedom, religious freedom&&

HobbesHobbes– LeviathanLeviathan, people are naturally evil, people are naturally evil

Turning pointTurning point: : The The Enlightenment changed Enlightenment changed

EVERYTHINGEVERYTHING Inspired the American RevolutionInspired the American Revolution American Revolution inspired French American Revolution inspired French

Revolution… which led to European Revolution… which led to European nationalismnationalism

Improved women’s rightsImproved women’s rights Increased educational opportunitiesIncreased educational opportunities Led to the Industrial RevolutionLed to the Industrial Revolution Religious freedomReligious freedom Abolishment of tortureAbolishment of torture

The French RevolutionThe French Revolution

End of absolute monarch Louis XVIEnd of absolute monarch Louis XVI Estates System & Estates General Estates System & Estates General Liberty, equality, brotherhoodLiberty, equality, brotherhood Inspired by the EnlightenmentInspired by the Enlightenment Robespierre & the Reign of TerrorRobespierre & the Reign of Terror

Napoleon BonaparteNapoleon Bonaparte

Enlightened dictatorEnlightened dictator Code NapoleonCode Napoleon Conquered EuropeConquered Europe Defeated by Russian Winter Defeated by Russian Winter

(Waterloo)(Waterloo)

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Triumph of DiplomacyTriumph of Diplomacy Triumph of ConservatismTriumph of Conservatism The alliance of countries that The alliance of countries that

defeated Napoleon wanted peace defeated Napoleon wanted peace and stability in Europeand stability in Europe

Balance of PowerBalance of Power MetternichMetternich

Latin American RevolutionsLatin American Revolutions

LocationLocation CauseCause PersonPerson

HaitiHaiti Slave RevoltSlave Revolt Toussaint Toussaint L’OvertureL’Overture

Spanish South Spanish South AmericaAmerica

Social classes Social classes (Creoles)(Creoles)

Bolivar, San Bolivar, San MartinMartin

MexicoMexico Social classes Social classes (mestizos)(mestizos)

HidalgoHidalgo

BrazilBrazil Creoles Creoles demanded demanded independenceindependence

Dom PedroDom Pedro

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

a major change in a country’s method a major change in a country’s method of producing goods and organizing of producing goods and organizing laborlabor

a movement from:a movement from:– an agricultural to an industrial societyan agricultural to an industrial society– manual labor to use of machinesmanual labor to use of machines– Rural society to an urban society Rural society to an urban society

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

Began – England (why England?)Began – England (why England?) Later every major country Later every major country

industrializedindustrialized 1750-1900s1750-1900s Textile IndustryTextile Industry

Effects of the Industrial Effects of the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

People working long hours for low People working long hours for low paypay

Terrible pollutionTerrible pollution SlumsSlums People being hurt or killed at workPeople being hurt or killed at work Child LaborChild Labor More goods, produced fasterMore goods, produced faster Population growthPopulation growth UrbanizationUrbanization New social orderNew social order

Communism & CapitalismCommunism & Capitalism Karl MarxKarl Marx Reaction to Reaction to Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolution Communist Communist ManifestoManifesto No private No private propertyproperty

Adam Smith (no Adam Smith (no real founder)real founder) Wealth of Wealth of NationsNations Private property Private property is a basic is a basic inalienable rightinalienable rightSupply & Supply & DemandDemandLaissez-faire Laissez-faire

NationalismNationalism

What is it? What is it? What are some effects?What are some effects?

Austria HungaryAustria Hungary Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

Italy Italy GaribaldiGaribaldi GermanyGermany BismarckBismarck

Unite Divide

ImperialismImperialism

Causes:Causes:

Effects:Effects:

Imperialism in AfricaImperialism in Africa Berlin ConferenceBerlin Conference White Man’s White Man’s

BurdenBurden

Imperialism in Imperialism in AsiaAsia

ChinaChina– Spheres of Spheres of

InfluenceInfluence– Open Door Open Door

PolicyPolicy JapanJapan

– Tokugawa Tokugawa ShogunateShogunate

– Meiji RestorationMeiji Restoration

Imperialism in India & SE Imperialism in India & SE AsiaAsia

““Jewel in the Crown”Jewel in the Crown”

Indochine Indochine

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity SphereSphere

MMAAIINN

WWIWWI Trench warfareTrench warfare Modern killing machinesModern killing machines Central PowersCentral Powers

– – –

Allied PowersAllied Powers– – –

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