Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners

Gamuth në thook ke rou bï kueen kɔc piɔ̈c në Thoŋ de Diŋliith ke ye thoŋ de rou

English/Dinka

Thoŋ de Diŋliith/Thoŋ e Jiëëŋ

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This document was developed by Multicultural Programs Unit, Equity Programs and Distance Education Directorate.

Level 14, 1 Oxford Street Darlinghurst NSW 2010.

Phone 9244 5324

The work on this production was supported by a large number of ESL teachers in government schools who assisted in the choice of lexicon.

© State of New South Wales through the NSW Department of Education and Training 2008.

ISBN: 9780731386277 SCIS: 1369366

Contents

Introduction i

How to use the dictionary ii

Dictionary 1

Appendices

1. Numerals and ordinals 80 2. Common countries/states and their adjectival forms 81 3. Common irregular verbs 82 4. Times 84 5. Days of the week/months of the year/units of time 85 6. Weights and measures 85

Bibliography 85

i

IntroductionThe Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners has been developed for use by students in the early stages of learning English as a second language.

The list of words contained in this dictionary includes the most common words that students use in everyday communication and in the classroom. This list provides a scaffold for further language acquisition.

The Bilingual Dictionary for ESL Beginners takes into consideration the Australian culture and way of life including frequently encountered colloquial words and phrases. It is expected that students will use this publication as a reference point for the first 12 to 18 months of English language acquisition.

A companion volume titled Thematic Picture Dictionary for ESL Beginners may be used in conjunction with this volume. It contains over 400 illustrated words, all of which can be found with their translations in this volume.

The two dictionaries are designed for individual student use at school and at home to support English language acquisition.

The skills of many ESL teachers were utilised in the choice of lexicon for this dictionary. Their enthusiastic participation has helped to produce a valuable teaching and learning resource suited to the needs of beginner ESL students.

ii

How to use this dictionary

Notes for the teacher

The information in this dictionary is presented simply showing part of speech, headword in bold, definition if required and phrases for words which need to be read in context for clarity of meaning. You will find explanations regarding the organisation of the dictionary below.

Page Header

The page header is found at the top left of each page in bold for easy identification of the page contents. It shows the first and last English entry on the page.

Example from page 1:

a - afterwards indicates that the first entry on this page is a and the last entry is afterwards.

The Headword

The headword is the word being defined in an entry. It appears in large bold type and is alphabetically ordered. Definitions of the headword appear under the headword (if applicable) and are numbered. Phrases, colloquial phrases, phrasal verbs and interjections containing the headword are translated in full and appear under the definitions.

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationpart of speech

back

n Definition 1. body part only the word back is translated as a noun with the meaning body part

adv Definition 2. opposite front only the word back is translated as an adverb with the meaning opposite front

phrase 3. give it back the phrase give it back is translated in full Example from page 31:

Headword Translationpart of speech

help

n Definition 1. aid only the word help is translated as a noun with the meaning aid

phrase 2. help yourself(serve yourself)

the phrase help yourself is translated in full with the meaning serve yourself

colloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have no control over it)

the colloquial phrase I can’t help it is translated in full with the meaning I have no control over it

Where there is more than one meaning for an item of lexicon but only one is in common usage the meaning for translation has been included next to the headword in brackets.

Example from page 2:

Headword Translationn angle (mathematical usage) only the word angle is translated as a noun

with the meaning mathematical usage

Abbreviations

Words commonly found in the lexicon as abbreviations appear in the dictionary as abbrev and are not translated. They indicate the full spelling of the word where the translation may be found.

iii

Example from page 4:

Headword Translationabbrev barbie *see barbecue no translation - translation is found at the entry

barbecue

Common present and past tense verb forms

Commonly used irregular present and past tense verb forms have been included in the body of the dictionary as they may not be recognised by the student as a derivative of the base form. These are not translated however and indicate the base form where the translation may be found.

Examples from page 2:

Headword Translationprt v am *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

beprt v are *see be no translation - translation is found at the entry

be Appendices

Six appendices have been included and may be found at the end of the word list. These are:

1. numerals and ordinals2. common countries/states and their adjectival forms3. common irregular verbs showing the base form, past tense and past participle forms4. times in analog and 24 hour format5. days of the week/months of the year/units of time6. weights and measures.

These appendices have not been translated.

Parts of speech

Parts of speech are abbreviated and found in the left hand column of the English text in the dictionary. Other descriptors such as colloquialism are also abbreviated. A full list of abbreviations used is shown below.

Abbreviations used in this dictionary

Abbreviation Meaningabbrev abbreviationadj adjectiveadv adverbcolloq colloquialismcolloq phr colloquial phraseconj conjunctiondet determinerint interjectionn nounphr v phrasal verbprep prepositionpron pronounprt v present tense verb formpt v past tense verb formv verb

1

a – afterwards

Adet a/ann ability alëu bï looi/riɛɛr bï këdë looi

ablev 1. be able to bï lëu bï looiadj 2. talented bï käŋ nyic käŋ ku luɔin Aboriginal person raan Aborojini

aboutadv 1. approximately acïtprep 2. concerning në wɛ̈t de

aboveprep 1. over në yenhomphrase 2. the example above kë cï nyuɔɔth nhialadj absent akëc bɛ̈nadv absolutely acïn teer thïnn accent guɛ̈l thook kɔ̈kv accept gamadj acceptable kë lëu bï gamn accident käräkadj accidental awäny këcë juiirv accompany cath etökn account ɣithaapv ache bï bɛcv achieve bï yökn achievement tiɛ̈mprep across teem kɔ̈uv act looi n activity luɔin actor raan looi yeenv add bï mat n addition mätn address anuann adjective ajɛktiip

admitv 1. tell the truth about yic lueel në wɛ̈t de…v 2. allow to enter bï cɔk lɔ thïnv adopt (take on) bï raan/këdɛ̈ löömn adult raan/lɛ̈i cï dïtn advantage këpiath tɔ̈ bï yök thïnn adventure lon acïriäun adverb adbɛ̈ɛ̈pn advice wɛ̈t piath lëkn aerobics ayerobikn aeroplane riän nhialv afford bï lëu luɔiadj afraid acï riɔ̈ɔ̈cprep after biɔɔth cök/të cen thökn afternoon gääŋ adv afterwards alë

2

again – argue

adv again (one more time) dhuk thïn/bï beericagainst

prep 1. next to thiääk kenë…prep 2. anti acië thiääk kenë yeenn age runadv ago kaam cï wanv agree bï gam

aidn 1. help kuɔɔnyv 2. help bï kuɔnyv aim (try) bï themn air aliir n airport mataaradj all (every) ebɛ̈nv allow puɔ̈ladv alone yetökadv aloud rör tɔ̈ nhialn alphabet alfabɛ̈ɛ̈tadv already wën thɛɛradv also (too) eya/agut cï…conj although na cak ya kë…adv altogether keriɛ̈ɛ̈c ebɛ̈nadv always nyindhiaprt v am * see be n ambulance athaapn amount cin wëun amphibian län ye pïïr pïu yiicv analyse (study) dɛ̈t ku dhiɛ̈m wɛ̈ticconj and kun angle (mathematical usage) aŋgoladj angry agöthn animal lɛ̈in ankle kunukadj annual ruɔ̈ɔ̈n thok ebɛ̈n

answern 1. reply dhuŋ wɛ̈t nhomv 2. reply bï wɛ̈t dhuk nhomadj any töŋ kek/agut cï töŋ-denadv anymore dɛ̈t bï yiɛ̈n yapron anyone raan dɛ̈t yïn-yapron anything guɔ̈t e këdɛ̈adv apart (separate) kë tɔ̈ peei yetökn apology gäm awäcv appear (come into view) bï tuɔ̈l bï tïŋn apple epoln appointment thaa amat cï cäkprt v are *see be n area tëdɛ̈v argue bï teer

3

argument – autumn

n argument teer v arise bï rɔt jɔtn arm (part of body) kök n army apuruuk/rem tɔŋprep around tɔ̈ në yekɔ̈u

arrangev 1. put in order bï tääu të-dev 2. make plans bï ka ajuiɛɛr looiv arrest (take into custody) bï dɔmv arrive bï bɛ̈n n arrow yuinh mucn art lon tëëtn artist atët adv as (to such a degree) ka cïtn ash ŋeth/aropadj ashamed guɔ̈p riɔ̈ɔ̈c/acï yäärv ask bï thiɛ̈cv assemble bïkë bɛ̈n të tökn assembly të amat/amat kɔc juëcn assignment (for school) lon ye mɛn abun looiv assist bï konyn assistant raan ye raan dɛ̈t kuɔny luɔiprep at tëpt v ate *see eat n athletics pol athelɛtikphrase athletics carnival pol karnibaaln atom atomv attach bï mat kenë dɛ̈t/bï nueet

attackn 1. fight tɔŋ/piɔ̈tv 2. fight bï tɔŋ loi/bï piɔ̈t/bï thɔ̈ɔ̈r

attemptn 1. try thëmv 2. try bï themv attend bï lɔ (të amat)n attendance bɛn të amatn attention adöt/muŋ wɛ̈tv attract bï kɔc miɛ̈ɛ̈t thin/cɔk thiɔ̈kadj attractive kë ye kɔc miit/miɛ̈t piɔ̈thn aunt wuwac/nyiwac/malënabbrev Aussie *see Australiann Australia Australiyaadj Australian raan de Australiyan Australian flag ayäŋ de Australiyan Australiana Australianan author raan cï buk gɔ̈tn autumn këër

4

average – basketball

averagen 1. arithmetical mean lon mät arithmitikadj 2. ordinary acït ka juëc kɔ̈kv avoid bï cïe thiääk kene…adj awake ayiɛ̈nadv away amecprep away from amec keadj awful kërac apɛipt v awoke *see awaken axe yiɛ̈p

Bn baby mɛnh piac dhiɛ̈ɛ̈th

backn 1. body part kɔ̈uadv 2. opposite front ciëënphrase 3. give it back dhuɔ̈kë ciëënn backbone yuɔɔm kɔ̈un background kë thiääk kë dɛ̈tn backpack kë ye duɔ̈ɔ̈t raan kɔ̈un backyard baai kɔ̈uadj bad aracn badminton bɛtmintɔnn bag kïïtth v bake nyopv balance bï käŋ cɔk thöŋn balcony balkoonadj bald nhom baar

balln 1. toy kë ye meth polcolloq phr 2. have a ball (good time) thaa miɛt piɔ̈un balloon baluun n banana muthn band (music group) kɔc ket etökn bangle kë ye ceŋ në cin ku cökn bank bɛŋ

barn 1. place to drink ɣön miäuv 2. stop from something bï gëln 3. metal rod luuŋn barbecue bï rïŋ nyopabbrev barbie *see barbecueadj bare këcë kumn barrier kë käŋ gël nhïïmn base (bottom) thar n basin (wash) kë laakn basket akupn basketball kura e cin

5

basketball court – bid

n basketball court të yenë pol në kura cinbat

n 1. sporting equipment atuel poln 2. animal alïïkn bath laak n bathroom ɣön e laakn battle tɔŋ n bay (inlet) kalïicabbrev BBQ *see barbecuev be bïn beach wath thokn beach towel bickiir wath thokn beach umbrella alïŋ wath thokn beak thoŋ e dit

beam n 1. ray of light aɣɛɛrn 2. wooden plank tim e yïk e ɣötn bean akuɛmn beard ayual

beatv 1. win bï tiamv 2. hit bï yupn 3. rhythm ajuiɛɛr yum e madhïkaadj beautiful adhëŋ pt v became *see becomeconj because në wɛ̈t dev become bï bɛ̈n ke yen bed agen n bedroom ɣön e nïnn bee ciɛ̈c n beef rïŋ e weŋpt v began *see beginv begin bï gɔl n beginner raan göl v behave bï rɔt macn behaviour duciɛ̈kprep behind yekɔ̈u n bell löth v belong bï ya këden belt gaac n bench kë yenë nyuc në yekɔ̈uv bend bï gɔ̈ɔ̈lpt v bent *see bendadj best apiath apɛiv bet bï mɛɛkadj better awär dɛ̈t në piathprep between në kɛm-ken ke roun bicycle macircir v bid bï wïc

6

big – boat

adj big adïtabbrev bike *see bicycle

billn 1. money wëun 2. account ɣïthaapn 3. of a bird thoŋ dit n bird dit

birthn 1. act of being born dhiëthphrase 2. date of birth nïn ke köl dhiëëth raann birthday aköl e dhiëëth raann biscuit bïthkawith

bit n 1. small piece kë thiin koorphrase 2. a little bit kë koorpt v 3. *see bitev bite bï kac në lecadj black (colour) ka coln blackboard tim cool gäärn blade kë lɔ patat cït jiɛɛr

blamen 1. censure bï waaiv 2. lay responsibility with bï gɔ̈k në awäny cï looiadj blank acïn kë tɔ̈ thïnn blanket bathäniyav bleed kuëër në riɛmpt v blew *see blow

blindadj 1. unable to see acï cɔɔrn 2. window covering kë yenë awëër kumn blindness cɔɔr

blockn 1. child’s toy kë yenë meth polv 2. stop from doing something bï pɛ̈n kë looiphrase 3. a block away mɛc kɛm ke ɣötphrase 4. block of flats ɣööt cï yïk tëtökadj blond dɛ̈l raan ɣer apɛin blood riɛmadj bloody acï guɔp thiäŋ riɛ̈m

blown 1. hit bï yupv 2. pertaining to wind puɔ̈t yom phr v 3. blow up bï yic rɛɛt

blueadj 1. colour maalakcolloq 2. sad acïe piɔ̈u mitn board (stiff material) bɔ̈ɔ̈tn board game pol bɔ̈ɔ̈tn boat riän wɛ̈ric

7

body – break

n body guɔ̈pv boil bi piɔ̈ɔ̈r

boldadj 1. as typeface lɛta ci gɔ̈t ke coladj 2. daring arir nyin apɛi n bomb böm n bone yuɔɔmn book buk/awerekn bookshelf dolam awereekn boomerang bumarɛŋ

bootn 1. of car akumnhom makana riäi turumbiln 2. footwear waar e cök

bordern 1. as of country, state aken tek bɛ̈i ku wilayaai yiicn 2. edge thoŋ e këdɛ̈adj bored acï rëër/jam tiaamadj boring raan/kë ye kɔc tiɛɛm rëërv borrow bï dheen

bossn 1. person in charge raan muk luɔiv 2. tell what to do bï kɔc lɛ̈k kë bï looiadj both keek kedhiav bother bï kɔc jut gupn bottle alöŋ

bottomn 1. body part thar e raann 2. lower edge biäk tɔ̈ piinypt v bought *see buyv bounce bï leer ciëënn bowl aduɔ̈k/thäänn box thanduukn boy dhukabbrev bra *see brassieren brain nyith

branchn 1. of tree këër e timv 2. separate bï yec wein brassiere akum thïn/thitiänadj brave aŋɛɛny/maŋenyadv bravely acï looi në ŋeenyn bread ajuräi/awuron breadth weëi

breakn 1. pause bï kɔ̈ɔ̈c/lɔ̈ŋv 2. opposite of fix bï kuem/dhoŋphr v 3. break down (as in car) bï dhuɔɔŋphr v 4. break down (as health) bï riääk

8

breakfast – bus stop

phr v 5. break in (as housebreak) bï cuɛ̈ɛ̈r ɣot dhoŋphr v 6. break up (for holidays) bï kɔc puɔ̈k, lekë ɣän kuɔ̈tn breakfast miɛ̈th miäkduurn breath wëëiv breathe bï wëëiv breed bï läi ku käm dhiɛ̈thn brick alɛln bridge kubur

brightadj 1. shiny many lɔ riauriauadj 2. clever anyic käŋ/apelnomv brighten bï cɔk ɣeradj brilliant anyic käŋ/wɛ̈t piath apɛiv bring bï bɛ̈iadj broad kë dït guɔ̈p ku piinyn broccoli borokolipt v broke *see breakcolloq broke (penniless) acïn wëuphrase broken arm köŋ cï dhuɔɔŋn brother wänmääthpt v brought *see bringn brush wëcn bucket jerdelv build bï buth/yïkpt v built *see buildn bulb (electric light) lamba many adökn bullet dan e mac

bullyn 1. person who harasses others raan ye kɔc kɔ̈k yɔŋv 2. harass bï pïïr cɔk riric

bunchn 1. group akutnhom phrase 2. bunch of flowers nhïïm akɛ̈ɛ̈n cï duut

burnn 1. injury caused by fire tëtöŋ nyuɔɔp macv 2. be on fire bï mac dɔmv burst bï yic rɛɛtv bury bï thiɔ̈kn bus bääth

bushn 1. outback baai kɔ̈u ciɛ̈ɛ̈nn 2. small tree tim koor

businessn 1. company cerkacolloq phr 2. mind your own business mɛcë rɔt wei në kacie yiicn bus stop të ye bääth kɔ̈ɔ̈c thïn

9

bust – cardboard

bustcolloq 1. break bï yic rɛɛt/kuɛmn 2. female body part pɛm e tikadj busy alui apɛiconj but ku jal ya…n butcher raan läi nɔ̈k ku ɣɔɔc rïŋ-kenn button dhurär v buy bï ɣɔɔcprep by në

Cn cabbage kɛbicn cable yuïn thilikn cafe ɣön gäwan cage ɣön dït/lɛ̈in cake kak v calculate bï kueenn calculator makana kuɛ̈nn calendar ajuiɛɛr kuɛ̈n nïn, pɛ̈i ku run

callv 1. name rinn 2. as for phone jam telefuunphr v 3. call for cɔɔl bï looi ka bï bɛ̈iphr v 4. call off bï kë loi puɔ̈lphr v 5. call out bï

calmadj 1. peaceful atɔ̈ në dɔ̈ɔ̈rphr v 2. calm down bï cɔk pɛ̈l rɔt pinypt v came *see comen camera kɛmërav camp bï mac ɣɔ̈ŋic

can v 1. able to alëu bïn 2. steel container koothn candle caman canteen (tuck shop) kantiin

capn 1. headwear akumnhomn 2. top ajɔt

capitaln 1. important location paan nɔŋ ka dït ye looi thinphrase 2. capital letter kɛpitol lɛtan capsicum anyacenh maŋökn capsule kapthuuln captain kɛptinn car thurumbil/riäin card käätn cardboard karton yïk ɣööt

10

care – chalk

v care diɛɛr/nyin tïïtadj careful e nyin tïïtadv carefully käŋ looi apiathn carnival kan-dït miɛt piɔ̈un carrot karɔt

carryv 1. take bï löömphr v 2. carry on (keep going) bï lɔ, cïe bï kɔ̈ɔ̈c

casen 1. bag bɛkphrase 2. just in case të bi yen naŋ kë bï tuɔ̈ln cash wëu muk keek

cassette phrase 1. audio cassette kathet ye piŋphrase 2. video cassette kathet ye ɣoi

castn 1. of a play akun kɔc ye akököl käärv 2. throw bï cuat/biɔ̈kn castle kätholadj casual ke cïe tɔ̈ ne nyindhian cat burɔ

catchphrase 1. catch a train bï yɔɔt gatharicphrase 2. catch a cold bï alëth dɔmcolloq phr 3. catch on (understand) bï wɛ̈t deeticphr v 4. catch up (reach) bï döötpt v caught *see catch

causen 1. reason kë yen yiɛ̈n yav 2. make happen bï cɔk tuln cave adhum tɔ̈ kuuricabbrev CD *see compact discn ceiling agaŋ ɣöt nhomn cell kë ye rïŋ guɔ̈p yïkn cent malimadj central tɔ̈ ciɛlic

central processing unitn 1. pertaining to computer jam wɛ̈t kɔmpiɔ̈taabbrev 2. CPU Thïï Pïï Yun centre të luɔi/të tɔ̈ ciɛlicn century run buɔɔtn cereal kuat rapn ceremony yan-dïit athɛɛkadj certain abï dhil tuɔ̈l/yicadv certainly e yicn chain (jewellery) däɣäp cït guët ye ceŋ yethn chair thööcn chalk cok

11

chance – cigarette

n chance tuɔ̈l këcë juiirchange

n 1. money wɛ̈ɛ̈r wëu yiicv 2. alter bï waarphrase 3. change one’s mind bï raan nhom waarphrase 4. change clothes alɛ̈th waaradj changeable e rɔt waarn change room ɣön laacn channel dhöln chapter captan character (literary) raan jiɛɛm akölköl rin-ke

chargen 1. cost ciin wëu ci thiɛɛcv 2. as for battery thiäŋ batariyaphr v 3. in charge bäny tɔ̈ luɔi nhomv chase bï copadj cheap aye ɣɔɔc weë likv cheat bï wet nyinv check bï caarn cheek (body part) gëmcolloq cheeky (naughty) e käŋ riɔ̈ɔ̈k ku dɔl

cheerv 1. make happy bï cɔk mit piɔ̈un 2. sound expressing enthusiasm wɛt lueel nyooth miɛt piɔ̈un chemist raan liëëp ku ɣɔɔc waln cheque cɛkn cherry tim ku nyin ye camn chess wet yenë poln chest thanduukn chewing gum ɣälawa lubään

chickenn 1. animal ajïthcolloq 2. not brave acïe ŋɛɛnyn child methadj childish raan diït lui cï methn chin tïk

chipsn 1. hot variety cip lëthn 2. cold crisps cip cï riɛrn chocolate cokolatan choir ajuiɛɛr kɔc ket kanitha-icv choose bï lɔc

chopn 1. meat cut rïŋ cï tɛ̈ɛ̈m bei v 2. cut bï teempt v chose *see choosen church kanithan cigarette thïjäär

12

cinema – coin

n cinema thinema n circle agölicadj circular kë göölicn circumference thɛrkamferenn city pen-dït

claimn 1. assertion luɛl wɛ̈tv 2. assert bï lueel

clapn 1. loud noise awuɔɔu dïtv 2. show appreciation miɛt piɔ̈u nyuɔɔthn class (group of students) dhöl (thukul)n classmate raan mat dhöl kenë yeenn classroom ɣön piööcphrase classroom block akutnhom ɣööt ke piööcn claw riöp lɛ̈in clay tiɔp

cleanv 1. remove dirt bï lɔɔkadj 2. opposite dirty acïn guɔ̈p acuɔladj clear alɔ gɔkadj clever anyic käŋ (meth)n cliff të moth kuur nhomv climb bï yith nhialv cling bï rɔt…n clock thaa-dït päny kɔ̈u ku aɣeer

closev 1. shut bï riitadj 2. near acï thiɔ̈kadj closed acï guur thokn cloth alanh këcë kɔɔcn clothes alɛ̈thn clothes line yuïn nöök alɛ̈thn clothing ciɛ̈ŋ alɛ̈thn cloud amaaradj cloudy piny anɔŋ amaar

clubn 1. group of people nadin 2. implement thuɔ̈ɔ̈rn clue kë kɔc nyuɔ̈th kë tɔ̈n coal col macn coast piny tɔ̈ baar kɔ̈uadj coastal ɣän thiääk ke baarn coat kötn cockatoo kɔkatuun coconut tuur akötn coffee gäwan coin wɛ̈nh adiit

13

cold – concern

coldn 1. illness alɛ̈thadj 2. opposite hot alethadj cold-blooded (lɛ̈n) liir riɛmn collar yenh alathv collect bï löömn collection kuënyn college kuliya

colourn 1. hue cïtv 2. make colourful bï yiɛ̈k cïïtadj colourful tɔ̈ kenë cïït dhëŋ

combn 1. hair accessory mucutv 2. do one’s hair bï nhiɛ̈m theer

comev 1. move towards bï lɔ të…phr v 2. come from bï bɛ̈n të...phr v 3. come out (as in sun) bï bɛ̈n beicolloq phr 4. Come on! (Let’s go.) bär!adj comfortable atɔ̈ ke lɔ guɔ̈p yumn comic kɔc cɔk daln comic strip akököl ku ka cï käär ye dɔlv command bï wɛ̈t riɛr lueel kë bï looiadj common agäkn commonsense wɛ̈t lëu bï deet kɔc juëcn communication cänh wël në kɛm kɔcn community akutnhom ciɛɛŋn compact disc kɔmpɛk dithikn company (business) cerkav compare bï käŋ thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋn compass kɔmpathn compasses (geometry

equipment)kɔmpɛ̈th ke thëm aŋgol

v compete bï kɔc tëërn competition tëër polv complain bï guɛln complaint guɛ̈l

completev 1. finish bï thöladj 2. finished acï thökv complicate bï cɔk riricadj complicated ariricn complication riɛr yicn composer kɔmpothan composition juiɛɛr madhika bï ketn computer kɔmpiɔ̈tan concern diɛɛr

14

concerned – couple

adj concerned adiɛɛrn concert kɔnthɛtn condition täu käŋn cone (geometrical shape) kɔnv confuse bï nhom liääpv congratulate bï leec wɛt lon piathv connect bï cɔk thiääkn connection thiääk kɔc ku käŋadj conscious anyic kë looiv consider bï takic apiathphr v consist of tɔ̈ yï… thïnn consonant kɔnthonenv contain atɔ̈... thïnn container kë muŋ…n contents (as of a book) ka tɔ̈ bukicv continue bï ŋot ke looi

contrastn 1. difference wuɔ̈ɔ̈cv 2. find differences bï ka wuɔ̈ɔ̈c yökv control bï käŋ mukn conversation muɔɔŋ

convictn 1. person convicted of a crime raan löŋ dhoŋ cï kuumv 2. find guilty of a crime bï yök ke cï löŋ dhoŋ kɔ̈uv cook raan thal

cooladj 1. opposite warm alircolloq 2. trendy adhëŋ

copyn 1. imitation kɛ̈ɛ̈rv 2. imitate bï käärn corner kona

correctv 1. make right bï tiiŋadj 2. right cuëëcn corridor dhöl tëëkv cost bï wëu jɔtn cotton alathn cotton wool tim alath

coughn 1. the act or sound of coughing ɣɔɔlv 2. expel air from the lungs bï ɣɔɔln council kantholn counsellor raan luui në kantholic

countryn 1. political division tëk thiathan 2. opposite city baai kɔ̈u ciɛ̈ɛ̈nn couple moc ke tik

15

courage – crush

n courage riɛr piɔ̈u ku guɔ̈padj courageous aŋɛɛny

coursen 1. set of lessons kɔ̈rɔ̈thn 2. way to go dhöl bï kuanyicphrase 3. of course (naturally) yen e kaan!n court (as tennis court) të pol tenithn cousin nyan/wën melën, welen…

wuwac, nïnɛ̈rcover

n 1. outside of a book buk kɔ̈uv 2. put cover on something bï kum kɔ̈un coward ariɔ̈ɔ̈cn crab kɔ̈m wɛ̈ric ye camv crack ɣaar

craftn 1. vessel riän kɔc jɔtn 2. handiwork lon cin

crashn 1. collision nhïïm gutv 2. shatter bï thooradj crazy acï miɔ̈ln creature kë pïïrn creek nyin pïuv creep moln crescent (shape) pen e piac yuil

cricketn 1. insect didir (kɔ̈m)n 2. sport pol kirikit

criminaln 1. person who commits crime raan awɛ̈ɛ̈c looiadj 2. against the law adhoŋ löŋ kɔ̈un crocodile nyaŋadj crooked ŋɔln crops tiim ku wɛl ye com ku tem

crossn 1. a symbol of two intersecting

linescït tiɛm ageer

adj 2. angry agöthv 3. move from one side to another tɛ̈mphr v 4. cross out (delete) teem kɔ̈un crossword kɔrɔ̈thwɛ̈ɛ̈tn crowd kɔc juëc tɔ̈ të tökadj crowded thiäŋ kɔcadj cruel acol piɔ̈u

crushv 1. flatten bï thuɔ̈r pinycolloq 2. a liking for someone nhiɛ̈ɛ̈r raan dɛ̈t

16

cry – darkness

cryn 1. loud utterance awuɔɔu looiv 2. weep dhiaaun cube kiyɔ̈ɔ̈pn cucumber ajuurn cupboard dolapv cure bï tuaany nyaaiadj curious awïc këriɛ̈ɛ̈c tïŋ ku piŋ

curln 1. ringlet of hair nyiɛ̈m rɔ̈t köölv 2. form curls bï kɔ̈l looin currency (money) wëëth

currentadj 1. topical wɛ̈t jamn 2. moving water kuëër (pïu)n curtain thitäärn curve gääln custom dhöl ciɛɛŋ muk kɔcn customer raan ɣöcv cut bï teemadj cute adhëŋ

cyclev 1. ride bï kat macircirn 2. circular event lɔ ku bɛ̈n atëk ruɔ̈nn cylinder thilinda

Dabbrev dad *see fatherabbrev daddy *see fatheradj daily në nyindhia

damagen 1. injury tëtökv 2. cause injury bï yiɛ̈k tëtökadj damp atiɔpn damper (type of bread) kuat ajuräi

dancen 1. social gathering for dancing bï kɔc dierv 2. rhythmical movement diɛ̈ɛ̈rn danger kë lëu bï kërac bɛ̈iadj dangerous këracadj daring acïe riɔ̈ɔ̈c

darkadj 1. opposite light cuɔl piny/ɣötadj 2. opposite fair cuɔl dɛ̈ln darkness cuɔl

17

date – dependable

daten 1. calendar nïn ke pɛɛin 2. fruit than katuum/bälän daughter nyan…n day akäladj dead acï thouadj deaf acï miŋ

dealn 1. amount cin kuɛ̈nv 2. give out bï gam wein death thuɔɔun debt käny decayn 1. decomposition dhiäthv 2. rot bï riääkv deceive dhoomv decide wɛ̈t takn decimal dɛ̈thimoln decision wɛ̈t cï jaamic ku matn deck (of house) atɔ̈ nhialv declare bï wɛ̈t luɛɛl aɣeer

decreasen 1. diminution kuurv 2. become smaller in number bï tekic bï kuuradj deep amec/acï ɣet piny

defeatn 1. loss määrv 2. beat bï tiaamv define bï wɛ̈t cɔ̈k piny

degree n 1. of temperature thëm lɛ̈th ku liɛɛr pinyn 2. amount cin kuɛ̈n käŋ

delayn 1. hold up muɔ̈k nhom ciɛ̈ɛ̈nv 2. put off till later bï cɔk tïtabbrev deli *see delicatessenn delicatessen mïïth piɛth mitn delight miɛt piɔ̈uadj delightful e kɔc cɔk mit piɔ̈thv deliver bï laar/gam

demandn 1. urgent requirement kë wïc emɛɛnv 2. ask for with authority thiɛ̈ɛ̈c në riɛrv demonstrate bï nyuɔɔthn demonstration nyoothn dentist akïm lecv depend bï kɔ̈ɔ̈c cït mɛn...adj dependable kë lëu bï ŋɔ̈ɔ̈th

18

dependant – discussion

adj dependant kë/raan wïc kuɔɔnyn depth thuɔ̈ɔ̈thv descend bï lɔ pinyv describe bï wël ke lëk juiirn description juiɛɛr wɛ̈t lëk

desertn 1. hot, dry place të lëth, cïn pïuv 2. leave bï waanv deserve bï naŋ yic

desiren 1. longing wïc bï yökv 2. wish for bï wïc/ŋäŋn desk durucv destroy bï riɔ̈ɔ̈kn destruction riääk

detailn 1. minute part biäk thiin...v 2. describe fully luɛl wël kedhian detective thiai-dït (CID)n detention (pertaining to

school)wɛ̈k wei

v dial bï telefuun yupn diameter daimïta

diamondn 1. precious stone daimonadj 2. shape kë cït kuran diary mufakërn dictionary gamuthpt v did *see don didgeridoo tuŋ tim Aborojini ye koothicv die bï thoun diet miɛ̈thadj different cïe thöŋadj difficult ariricv dig wec pinyn dingo diŋon dinner miɛ̈th thëëin dinosaur dainothɔ̈ɔ̈rn direction anyooth dhɔ̈ln dirt acuɔladj dirty acolv disagree bï wël wuɔ̈ɔ̈cn disagreement wuɔ̈ɔ̈c wëln disc (round, flat object) dithikn disco dithkov discover bï kan yök n discovery yök tueeŋ kë kucv discuss bï wɛ̈t jaamicn discussion jam wɛ̈tic

19

disease – drop

n disease tuaanyn dish thäänn dishwasher (appliance) makana lɔ̈k apäcn disk (of computers) dïthikn disk drive dïthik diraipv dislike bï maanv dismiss bï ceecn distance kaamv disturb bï riirv dive bï ronyv divide bï tekn division atëk v divorce däk thiɛ̈ɛ̈k

dov 1. perform bï looiphrase 2. What does she do? (What’s

her job?)yeŋö ye looi?

phrase 3. How do you do? (greeting) cï yï bäk?n doctor akïmn document awereŋ tɔ̈ wël thïnn dog jö/jöŋn dollar dolaarn door bapv double bï cɔk ye rou

doubtn 1. uncertainty tɔ̈ kë cïe nyicv 2. hesitate to believe bï diu në gämv drag bï theln dragon durɛgɔnpt v drank *see drinkv draw bï käärn drawer duruc

dreamn 1. images during sleep ka ye tïŋ në nïnicv 2. imagine bï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋpt v dreamt *see dream

dressn 1. woman’s clothing alanh tik ceŋv 2. to put on clothing bï alath ruɔ̈kpt v drew *see draw

drinkn 1. beverage yöp cäiv 2. swallow liquid bï dekv drive bï (riäi) geern driveway dhöl riäi tɔ̈ ɣöt thok

dropn 1. small amount of water nyïn ke pïu v 2. let fall bï cuat piny

20

drought – email

n drought yakpt v drove *see drivev drown bï moun drug wäln drum lɔ̈ɔ̈rn drunk (person who drinks too

much alcohol)adɛk miäu

adj dry acï riɛrpt v dug *see digadj dumb (of speech) acïe jamprep during në kaam...

dustn 1. dirt acuɔlv 2. clean of dirt acuɔl laak wein duster dathtan duty (something you must do) lon bï dhil looi

En eagle kuëin ear yïc adj early lac bɛ̈nv earn bï ariɔm luɔi yökn earring joth yïcn earth piny nhomn east ciin cuëëcadj easy akɔ̈cicv eat bï camn echidna yikidnan edge thoŋ e...v edit bï wɛ̈l cï gɔ̈t bɛɛr cɔk dikn education piöcn effect kë kuany kë cï tuɔ̈l cökn effort thëm luɔi apɛin egg tuɔŋadj either yë kän ka dɛ̈tën elastic e rɔt gueenyn elbow kɔɔr

elderadj 1. older than awɛ̈ɛ̈r runn 2. older person raan cï dïtn election alɔc ɣön amatn electrician atën many adökn electricity many adök

emailn 1. Internet letter athör Intanetv 2. send an Internet letter bï athör Intanet tuɔɔc

21

embarrass – excellent

v embarrass bï ayäär looiadj embarrassed acï ayäär dɔmn emergency kë riric piac tuɔ̈ln emigrant abakök cï bɛ̈nn emotion miɛt ku riääk piɔ̈uv employ bï yiɛ̈k luɔɔin employee raan cï luɔ̈ɔ̈in employer raan kɔc luɔ̈ɔ̈in employment luɔi adj empty acïn kë tɔ̈ thïnn emu yimuv encourage bï wɛɛi piɔ̈u

endn 1. termination tɛ̈m kɔ̈uv 2. finish bï thökn enemy raan ater

engagedadj 1. busy aluiadj 2. soon to be married tɔ̈ ke bï thiaak në kaam cekn engine makanav enjoy bï piɔ̈u miɛt ke...adj enormous adït apɛiadj enough atɔ̈ ke bï kë bï looi lëuv enquire bï thiɛ̈ɛ̈cv enter bï lɔ thïnv entertain bï cɔk mit piɔ̈un entertainment ajuiɛɛr ka ye kɔc miɛt piɔ̈thn entrance thoŋ lɔ thïn ku aɣeern entry lɔ/bɛ̈n thïnn envelope dhɔripn environment duciɛ̈ŋ piny ku many-deadj equal athöŋ nhïïmn equator yikuetan equipment ka ke luɔi

escapen 1. an act of escaping kat löŋ nhomv 2. get away kuën rɔtadj even (divisible by two) nambaai röth tek roun evening thëin event kë rɔt looiadj every ebɛ̈nabbrev exam *see examinationn examination athëm

examplen 1. illustration nyoothë cï käärabbrev 2. e.g. cït...adj excellent adik apɛi

22

exchange – factory

exchangen 1. act of exchanging wɛ̈ɛ̈rv 2. give up for an equivalent bï puɔ̈l ku lɔc dɛ̈t cït yeenv excite cɔk mit/riääk piɔ̈uadj excited acï piɔ̈u miɛt/riääkn excitement miɛt/riääk piɔ̈uadj exciting apiath tïŋ ku pïŋn excursion keny aɣeer aköl

excusen 1. justification kë ye kän cɔk loiv 2. pardon bï awäc puɔ̈lint 3. Excuse me! akɛ̈c deet!

exercisen 1. physical work riadhan 2. class work lon gät mïth abun thukulicn 3. exercise book awereŋ gäär

exitn 1. way out dhöl lɔ aɣeerv 2. go out bï lɔ aɣeerv expect bï tïit bï yökadj expensive aye ɣɔ̈ɔ̈c wëu juëc

experiencen 1. thing undergone ka cï raan tïŋ ka yökv 2. undergo bï tëëk thïn

experimentn 1. science trial athëm thaanyv 2. try something bï këdɛ̈ themv explain bï wɛ̈t juiir luɛln explanation juiɛ̈ɛ̈r wɛ̈t luɛlv explode bï yic rɛɛtv explore bï caath bï deet

expressadj 1. fast lon cïe gääuv 2. say bï lueel

expressionn 1. on face nyin nyuɔɔtn 2. in words në wëladj extra dɛ̈t tɔ̈ thïnn eye nyinn eyebrow agör nyin

Fface

n 1. part of body nyinphrase 2. face the front wel nyin të tɔ̈ yïnhomcolloq phr 3. Face it! (believe it) ba dhil gamn fact wɛ̈t yicn factory mathna

23

fade – fence

v fade bï jäl emääthv fail bï yuïïk

faintadj 1. not dark acïe colv 2. become unconscious bï niäär

fairadj 1. just e yic gamadj 2. light aɣer cïtadv fairly (quite) e dik n fairy jɔkv fall bï lönyadj false acïe yicadj familiar anyic kɔc juëc

familyn 1. kin kɔc ruääin 2. family tree kuɛ̈n kuat kɔc ruääiadj famous anyic kɔc juëc në wɛ̈t piath

fann 1. great admirer raan nhiaar lon raan dɛ̈tn 2. equipment to blow air maruɔ̈adj far amecn fare (cost for trip) ariɔm cäthn farm dom cumn fashion modhaadj fashionable atɔ̈ ke ye modha

fastadv 1. quick e kat apɛcadv 2. forward in time aŋäär tueŋ në thaav 3. go without food bï thiɛ̈ɛ̈lv fasten bï duɔ̈t pinyadj fat acuain father wun…n fault awäcn favour nhiɛ̈ɛ̈radj favourite nhiɛ̈ɛ̈r nhiɛ̈rë yen atɔ̈ tueeŋn fax fɛk

fearn 1. feeling of impending danger rɔt yök ke tit kërɛɛc bï bɛ̈nv 2. be afraid bï riɔ̈ɔ̈cn feather nɔkv feed bï cam

feelv 1. as emotion bï miɛt ka rɛɛc piɔ̈u yökv 2. touch bï jakpt v fell *see fallpt v felt *see feeladj female (of gender) ŋuɔ̈t n fence gɛɛu

24

ferry – flashing

n ferry riän yuïïr tëëmn festival yan amiɛt piɔ̈un fever alɛ̈th guɔ̈padj few ka lik

fieldn 1. where sport is played të pol aɣeern 2. open land piny-dïït lääuadj fierce arac, anhiaar tɔŋ

fightn 1. battle thär tɔŋv 2. engage in battle bï tɔŋ thɔ̈ɔ̈r

figuren 1. number ciin kuɛ̈nn 2. person raanphr v 3. figure out (understand) bï deetv fill bï thiɔ̈ɔ̈ŋn film filimadj final acï thökv find bï yök

fineadj 1. not raining acïn deŋ tuenyadj 2. opposite thick apiɔ̈l, acïe thiëkadj 3. well (healthy) apiɔl guɔ̈pn finger töŋ cin ke thiɛ̈ɛ̈r

finishn 1. end point thök të leerë thïnv 2. end thök

firev 1. cease to employ cɔk muc kääcv 2. shoot bï moc (dhaŋ)n 3. something burning kë dɛ̈pn fireworks faiyawɛ̈kadv first tɔ̈ tueeŋn first aid athaap

fishn 1. water creature rɛ̈cv 2. catch fish bï rɛ̈c dɔmn fishing rod tim dɛ̈p rec

fitadj 1. healthy apiɔl guɔ̈pn 2. size tän guɔ̈pphrase 3. fit in with (match well) bï thöŋ kenë kɔc kɔ̈kv fix bï döökn flag ayäŋn flame liem macn flash (bright light) many ye lɔ bilinyadj flashing biliny

25

flat – form

flatn 1. dwelling cigaadj 2. shape lɔ patpatn flavour miɛt ŋör ku thiɛ̈ppt v flew *see flyn flight päärv float bï thɔɔr në pïu yiicn flood amool

floorn 1. part of a room biäk të cenë ɣöt tekicn 2. level of a building ɣön nhialn floppy disk folopy dithikv flow kuëërn flower (plant) akɛ̈ɛ̈nabbrev flu *see influenza

flyn 1. insect luaŋv 2. move through the air cath riän nhialn fog (weather condition) ruuradj foggy piny thiäŋ ruurv fold bï doln folder muläfv follow bï kuany cökn font fonn food miɛ̈thn fool abɛ̈ɛ̈ladj foolish acï bëln foot cökn football kuran footwear waar

forphrase 1. for us këdaphrase 2. for NSW kë e (wilaya) NSWphrase 3. for $5 në dolaar ke 5

forcen 1. strength riɛɛrv 2. impose on bï looi riɛɛradj foreign (not native) e bɔ̈ të peein foreigner alein forest rokpt v forgave *see forgivev forget bï nhom bäthv forgive bï päl awäcpt v forgot *see forgetn fork coka

formn 1. paper you fill in foomv 2. make bï looi

26

fortnight – funeral

n 3. shape guɔ̈p e...n fortnight nïn ke 14 adj fortunate amit guɔ̈padv fortunately e looi apiath

fortunen 1. large amount of money wëu juëcn 2. luck miɛt guɔ̈ppt v fought *see fightpt v found *see findn fountain awaŋgakn fraction biäk e...n frame guɔ̈p e...

freeadj 1. costing nothing acïn kë jɔt në ɣɔ̈cadj 2. unoccupied alääu yicv 3. let go bï cɔk lɔn freedom nhomlääuv freeze bï duɔ̈t wɛ̈t liɛɛrn freezer (appliance) talajaadj frequent e tuɔ̈l kɛm kɔ̈kadj fresh jötabbrev fridge *see refrigeratorn friend mɛ̈thë...adj friendly ciɛɛŋ määthn fright riɔ̈ɔ̈cv frighten bï cɔk riɔ̈ɔ̈c

fromphrase 1. from Sydney e bɔ̈ në Thidniphrase 2. from my grandmother e nɔŋ ma-dïtphrase 3. from $10 gɔl në dolaar ke 10

frontadj 1. opposite back tueŋprep 2. in front of atɔ̈ në... nhomn front door thoŋ ɣöt tɔ̈ tueeŋn front steps dhöl yith nhial në ɣötv frown bï ɣöi tɔ̈ män thïnpt v froze *see freezen fruit nyin tim

fulladj 1. opposite empty acï thiäŋadj 2. not hungry cï kuɛthn full stop (punctuation mark) fulthɔp

funn 1. mirthful amusement pol miɛt piɔ̈ucolloq phr 2. make fun of (ridicule) bï raan dɔl guɔ̈pn funeral thiäk ku dhiɛ̈n raan cï thou

27

funny – girl

funnyadj 1. humorous e kɔc cɔk daladj 2. strange e kë e gäin fur nhiɛ̈m lɛ̈in furniture ka ke thiëth ɣötadj further acï ɣetn future rial

Gv gamble bï yup gumäärn game poln gaol *see jailn gap kaam ɣɔ̈ɔ̈rn garage (of house) gäräcn garden domn garlic bathal tuumn gas gathn gate bapv gather bï määticpt v gave *see give

gayadj 1. happy amit piɔ̈uadj 2. homosexual mony/tiŋ nin ke moc/tikn gender atëk ŋuɔ̈t ku thɔn

generaladj 1. usual cït mɛn-den 2. rank in army bääny apuruukadv generally cït tän e ka juëcn generosity dhëëŋadj generous adhɛ̈ŋ miööcadj gentle adhɛ̈ŋ ciɛɛŋ

getv 1. become bï bɛ̈nv 2. receive bï löömv 3. possess bï mukv 4. arrive bï bɛ̈nv 5. obtain bï yökphr v 6. get on with (like) bï nhiaarphr v 7. get out (leave) bï jälphr v 8. get together (meet) ï matphr v 9. get up (arise) bï rɔt jɔtphr v 10. get rid of (dispose of) bï nyaai

giantn 1. huge mythical being lɛ̈n-dïït ye thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ ke tɔ̈adj 2. very big adït apɛin gift miɔ̈cn girl nya

28

give – grain

givev 1. hand to bï yiɛ̈k...phr v 2. give in (hand in) bï gamcolloq phr 3. give in (surrender) bï rɔt thanphr v 4. give out (distribute) bï tekphr v 5. give up (surrender) bï kë loi puɔ̈lphr v 6. give up (stop as for smoking) bï... puɔ̈ladj glad amit piɔ̈u

glassn 1. window material gelänh awëërn 2. drinking vessel kubäin glasses (for eyesight) nëënn glove gelap

gov 1. move bï lɔphrase 2. go by bus bï lɔ bääthphrase 3. go out with bi lɔ kenë...phr v 4. go wrong bï wuɔ̈ɔ̈cphr v 5. go on with (continue) bï ŋot ke lɔphr v 6. go well bï lɔ apiathphr v 7. go over (check) bï caarphr v 8. go through (check) bï tïŋ ebɛ̈nphr v 9. go after (chase) bï copn god jɔkn gold däɣäpadj golden e loi däɣäp

goodadj 1. opposite bad apiathphrase 2. vegetables are good for you kudɛ̈ɛ̈r apiath ke yïïncolloq phr 3. Good for you! (congratulations) aca looi apiath!int 4. Good afternoon (greeting) ca cool!int 5. Goodbye cäthë/dɔ̈ŋë në pial guɔ̈pint 6. Good day (greeting) mäth akölint 7. Good morning (greeting) cï yï bäk?int 8. Good night (farewell) mäth wakɔ̈u

goodnessn 1. virtue ciɛɛŋ piathint 2. My goodness! (expression of

surprise)wɛ̈t gäi

n goods ka ye ɣaacn gossip aloppt v got *see getv govern bï kɔc macn government akuman governor waliv grab bï kuäk piny riɛradv gradually e rɔt looi emääthn grain nyin rap

29

grand – habit

adj grand kë dït dhëŋ apɛin grandchild mɛnh e mɛnh-den granddaughter nyan e mɛnh-den grandfather wä-dïtn grandmother ma-dïtn grandparent wä/ma-dïtn grandson wën e mɛnh...n grape gerepn graph gërafn grass noonadj grateful alɛ̈c wɛ̈t miɛt piɔ̈un grave raŋadj great adïtn greed wïny këriɛ̈ɛ̈c bï ya kake yetökadj greedy anhiaar rɔtadj green maŋökv greet bï muɔ̈thn greeting muɔ̈thpt v grew *see growadj grey malɔun grief dhiɛ̈n e piɔ̈uv grieve bï piɔ̈u dhiaauv grill (cooking) bï miɛ̈th nyop

grossadj 1. total amat cincolloq 2. disgusting kërac

groundn 1. earth pinyadj 2. bottom (as for ground floor) atɔ̈ piinyn group akutnhomphrase group of students mïïth abun tɔ̈ të tökv grow bï ciln grown-up acï dïtv guard bï gëln guardian raan muk methv guess bï mɛɛkn guest jɔ̈l

guiden 1. leader maŋɔ̈ɔ̈rv 2. show the way bï dhöl nyoothn guilt awäcadj guilty acï awäc looin guitar gitäärn gum tree tim adökabbrev gym *see gymnasiumn gymnasium jim

Hn habit acï nyiɛc

30

had – have

pt v had *see have n hail (weather condition) deŋ tueny kɔɔin hailstorm yom put kɔɔin hair nhiɛ̈mn haircut tem e nhiɛ̈madj halal ɣäläl

halfadj 1. equal part of biäk thöŋ ke...phrase 2. half-past eight thaa bɛ̈t ku abakn hall ɣön-dït amatn hallway dhöl tëëk kɛm ke ɣöötv halve bï tekic reen thöŋn hamburger ɣambagan hammer cakuc

handn 1. body part cinn 2. hand-out kë ye gam ke lääuphr v 3. hand in bï bɛ̈in handbag bɛk e diäärn handball kura e cin

handlen 1. thing that may be held kë lëu bï muk në cinv 2. touch bï jakadj handsome raan dhëŋ guɔ̈pn handwriting gät kɔc cin

hangv 1. suspend bï nöökphr v 2. hang around (loiter) ɣɔu epathphr v 3. hang onto (hold) mukphr v 4. hang up (put receiver down) jam telefuun teem kɔ̈uint 5. Hang on! (wait) tiɛ̈të v happen bï tuɔ̈ln happiness miɛt piɔ̈uadj happy amit piɔ̈un harbour wanh riän wɛ̈ric kɔ̈ɔ̈c thïn

hardadj 1. difficult ariricadj 2. not soft acïe lɔniäkadv hardly (rarely) acïe rɔt lac looiv harm bï luɔ̈i këracn harvest tëm e ka cï luɔkn hat ajɔtv hate bï maan

havev 1. own bï mukphrase 2. have a headache bï reem nhomphrase 3. have dinner bï miɛ̈th athɛ̈i camphrase 4. have a hair cut bï nhiɛ̈m tɛmphr v 5. have on (wear) aceŋ

31

have to – his

phr v have to (be compelled to) abï dhil looipron he yeen

headn 1. body part nhomn 2. leader bänyn headache arɛɛm nhomn heading (title) ɣëdiŋn health pial guɔ̈padj healthy apiɔl guɔ̈pn heap (pile) ka kuɔ̈t nhïïm të tökv hear bï piŋpt v heard *see hearn heart piɔ̈uv heatv 1. warm amorn 2. warmth muɔɔrn heater (appliance) thäkänaadj heavy athiekn height bɛ̈ɛ̈rpt v held *see holdn helicopter ɣëlkoptaint hello cï yï bäk

helpn 1. aid kuɔɔnyphrase 2. help yourself (serve yourself) ba rɔt miɔɔccolloq phr 3. I can’t help it (I have no control

over it)acïn kë lɛ̈u ba yïïn kony

adj helpful e konyn hemisphere tëk piny nhom në yikueta

herphrase 1. ask her thiɛ̈cë yeenphrase 2. her book buŋ-deadv here e tënën hero raan rir ye kɔc konyv hesitate bï lɔ ŋuëŋ-ŋuëŋn hexagon ɣɛkthagɔnint hi cï yï bäk!pt v hid *see hidev hide bï thiaan

highadj 1. tall abääradj 2. as for musical note wɛ̈t gät madhïkaphrase high-heeled shoe kaap alin high school thukul thɛkandarin hill kuur koorpron him yeenn hip ɣöcv hire bï juurpron his këde

32

history – however

n history akökɔ̈ɔ̈l ke kathɛɛrhit

v 1. strike bï yupcolloq 2. winner acï tiamv hitch-hike bï cath riän cï rɔt yökn hobby kë nhiɛɛr raan keek

holdv 1. grasp bï dɔmn 2. hold-up (robbery) pɛ̈cn 3. hold-up (delay) gääuint 4. Hold it! (stop) kääcëcolloq phr 5. hold on (wait) tiɛ̈tën hole adhumn holiday ajathaadj hollow ɣɔ̈ɔ̈ricadj holy lɔjikn home baaiadj homesick acï baai ŋäŋn homework (school work you

do at home)ɣömwɛ̈k

n honest alɔ cökhook

n 1. curved piece of metal aläuv 2. catch bï dɔm

hopen 1. expectation ŋäthv 2. wish bï wïcn horizon të yenë piny ke nhial rɔ̈m

horn n 1. animal part tuŋ lɛ̈in 2. car part kaaŋ riäiadj horrible e kɔc cɔk riɔ̈ɔ̈cn horror kë ye kɔc cɔk riɔ̈ɔ̈cn horse ajɔ̈ŋköörn hospital paan akïmn host raan jɔ̈l gɔɔŋn hostel ɣön nïn kɔc cïe macthok

hotadj 1. very warm amor apɛicolloq 2. very good apiath apɛin hotel ɣɔtɛɛln hotplate ɣɔtpeletn hour thaan house hötn housework (domestic work) lon baai

howadv 1. in what way ye kadïcolloq phr 2. how come? (why) yeŋö?conj however ku dɛ̈t tɔ̈ eya

33

huge – industry

adj huge adïthuman

adj 1. of people në kɔcn 2. human being kuat raan ebɛ̈nn humour kë ye kɔc cɔk daln hung *see hangadj hungry anɛ̈k cɔkv hunt bï yäp

hurryv 1. move quickly bï cök lɔɔc në cäthcolloq phr 2. hurry up juak cänh-du yic

hurtv 1. injure bï yiɛ̈k tëtökadj 2. wounded acï tëtök yökn hut ɣön thiin koor

Ipron I ɣɛɛnn ice pïu cï duɔ̈tn ice-cream ɣaiyith kerimadj ideal e kë pieth wïc bï yök/looi conj if tëadj ill atuaanyadj illegal e löŋ dhoŋ kɔ̈un illness tuaanyn illustration kɛ̈ɛ̈rv imagine bï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋadj immediate emɛɛnadv immediately emɛnën immigrant abakökadj important kë tɔ̈ tueeŋadj impossible acïe rɔt lëuv improve bï cɔk piath

inprep 1. indicates enclosed place biäk thïnphrase 2. in Australia atɔ̈ në Australiyaphrase 3. in January në Pɛɛi Tökphrase 4. in English në Thoŋ de Diŋliithphrase 5. in pencil në pentholphrase 6. in love anhiɛ̈ɛ̈rphrase 7. in danger atɔ̈ të racphrase 8. in time (not late) acï thaa tiɛɛŋ thokv include bï mat thïnn income wëu ye raan yökadj incorrect akëc rɔt riiŋv increase bï juakicn index indekadj indoor akäny thïnn industry thanaa

34

infect – is

v infect bï yiɛ̈k tuaanyn infection döm e tuaanyv influence bï käŋ cɔk waar röthn influenza influendhav inform bï wɛ̈t lëk lueeln information wɛ̈t lëkprep in front of në… nhomv inhabit bï ceŋ thïnn inhabitant raan ciɛ̈ŋ thïn

initialadj 1. first e tueŋn 2. first letter of name gät rin të thɛɛnyë awerekn injection tuɔ̈mv injure bï yiɛ̈k tëtökn injury tëtökadj inner akäny thïnadj innocent acïn guɔ̈p awäcn insect kɔ̈mv insert bï tääu thïnprep inside atɔ̈ thïnv insist bï cïe pälic

instantn 1. moment kaam cekicadj 2. immediate emɛɛnadv instead në nyin e...v instruct bï piɔ̈ɔ̈cn instruction piööcn instrument (musical) ka ye madhïka pooln insurance dhamanadj intelligent anyic käŋv intend awïc bï looin interest niɛ̈ɛ̈r e...adj interested anhiaar…adj interesting e kë ye nhiaarn Internet Intanetv interrupt bï cɔk kääcn intersection apuɔ̈k dhɔ̈ln interview thiɛ̈c e thokprep into lɔ thïnv introduce bï wɛ̈t jam kuc lɛ̈k kɔcn introduction (of a book) wɛ̈t tueeŋ ye ka bukic lueelv invent bï cakn invitation cɔ̈ɔ̈t wɛ̈t amat ka cämv invite kɔc/raan cɔɔl bï bɛ̈n

ironn 1. metal adiitn 2. household appliance makuɔɔuv 3. as for clothing makuɔprt v is *see be

35

island – keyboard

n island jedhïïrait

pron 1. subject yen...pron 2. object yeenpron its (possessive) këde

Jn jacket jakitn jail thijinn jar tony pïuadj jealous anɛ̈k tiɛɛln jeans jiinn jet jɛtn jewel juweln jewellery juwelarin job luɔiv jog kat epath rin riadhan jogger raan kat epath rin riadha

joinv 1. unite bï matv 2. as a club bï bɛ̈n nadi yicadj joint kɛm ke yomn joke wɛ̈t kɔc cɔk daln journey cänh bäärn joy miɛt piɔ̈u

judgen 1. person in court dulukv 2. make a decision about bï luk teemn judgment tɛ̈m e lukn judo judon juice athiirv jump bï yɔtn jumper (clothing) faninala e yuïïr

justadv 1. only yeen yetökadj 2. fair apiath ke raan ebɛ̈n

Kn kangaroo kaŋaruu

keepv 1. hold on to bï muk phr v 2. keep away rɔt mɛc weiphr v 3. keep going cïe bï kɔ̈ɔ̈cphr v 4. keep out rɔt mɛc weiphr v 5. keep up muɔ̈kë thïncolloq phr 6. The teacher kept us in muɔ̈k nhom thïnpt v kept *see keepn key muftään keyboard kiibɔ̈ɔ̈t

36

keyring – large

n keyring jonh muftään keyword wɛ̈t tueeŋv kick bï wec në cökcolloq kid (child) methv kill bï nɔ̈kn killer anäk kɔc

kindadj 1. good hearted aɣer piɔ̈un 2. type kuan e...n kindness kɔ̈c piɔ̈un king mëlëkv kiss bï ciimn kitchen ɣön thätn knee nhiaalv kneel bï nhiaal tukpt v knelt *see kneelpt v knew *see known knife palv knit alath cuëëcn knob luŋ riɛ̈t ɣöt thokv knock bï tɔɔŋ kɔ̈un knot ruk

knowv 1. understand bï deetv 2. be acquainted with bï rɔt nyic ke...phrase 3. Let me know (tell me) lɛ̈kë ɣɛɛnn koala kualan kookaburra kukabura

Labbrev lab *see laboratoryn label anyooth rinn laboratory lɛpn labour lon kɔc cinv lack bï liun lad dhukn ladder thilimpt v laid *see layn lake baarn lamp lamba

landn 1. opposite of sea pinyn 2. country baaiv 3. as for plane riän nhial nyucn language thok

lapn 1. body part ɣämn 2. distance in a pool kaam në të kuaŋadj large adït

37

last – less

lastadj 1. opposite of first ciɛ̈ɛ̈nv 2. endure bï lɔ kaam bääradv lastly atɔ̈ ciɛ̈ɛ̈nadj late (opposite of early) acï gääuadv lately në ye kaam wäär thiɔ̈këadv later alëv laugh bï dɔln laughter dɔln laundry të lɔ̈k alɛ̈thn law löŋn lawn wäl domicn lawyer raan cï löŋ kueen

layv 1. as for eggs toŋ dhiɛ̈ɛ̈thv 2. put bï tääu pinyadj lazy adak rɔt

leadv 1. go first lɔ tueeŋn 2. holder for a dog yuïn thël jö/jöŋn leader maŋɔ̈ɔ̈rn leadership ŋɔ̈ɔ̈rn leaf yïny e timv leak bï kuëër

leanv 1. incline bï kɔ̈u gɛɛiadj 2. thin anɔlv leap bï yɔtn leap year lïp yiɛ̈ɛ̈v learn bï piöcpt v learnt *see learnadj least e kë tɔ̈ ciɛ̈ɛ̈nn leather kë loi dɛ̈l

leavev 1. separate from bï jäl të...n 2. time off ajathaphr v 3. leave alone ba cɔk tɔ̈ yetökphr v 4. leave on bï pïïr nëphr v 5. leave out bï waanpt v led *see leadpt v left *see leaveadj left (opposite of right) ciɛɛmadj left-handed cam (raan)n leg kuln lemon lemuunv lend bï dhɛ̈ɛ̈nn length bɛ̈ɛ̈rpt v lent *see lendadv less akoor në

38

lesson – lizard

n lesson kë piööcë thukuliclet

v 1. allow bï puɔ̈lv 2. rent bï ɣöt riɔpic

lettern 1. as of alphabet lɛta alfabɛ̈ɛ̈tn 2. correspondence athöör kɛm kɔcn letterbox thanduŋ athöörn lettuce letathadj level tëk kaam tɔ̈ nhial ku pinyn liar raan tör luethn library maktaban licence rukthav lick nyaln lid akumnhom

liev 1. tell untruths bï lueth lueelphr v 2. lie down bï tɔ̈c piinyn life wëin lifesaver laiftheva

liftv 1. raise bï jat nhialn 2. elevator yilevetan 3. car ride jɔt riäi

lightn 1. opposite of darkness ɣɛɛrn 2. as for electric light ɣɛɛr many adökadj 3. not dark piny acïe coladj 4. not heavy acïe thiekn lighter (as for cigarettes) walaan lightning many deŋ tueny

likev 1. be fond of bï... nhiaarprep 2. similar to thöŋ ke...n limit të yen kɔ̈ɔ̈c thïnn line laanyn lip thokn liquid ka cït piu, ca ku miɔ̈kn list rin ku ka cï gät pinyv listen bï piŋpt v lit *see lightn litter ɣön mïth jö/jöŋadj little akoor

livev 1. exist bï pïïradj 2. opposite of dead apïïrn living (job) luɔin living room ɣön rëërn lizard ariik

39

load – lunch

v load duɔ̈tn lobster lɔptha

localn 1. person from a particular area raan rɛ̈ɛ̈r të yök yeen thïnadj 2. pertaining to an area e kë ye paanën location paan tɔ̈ tëdev lock bï riit thokn log (wood) tim cï riaun lolly ɣäläwaadj lonely atɔ̈ yetök

longadj 1. opposite of short abäärphr v 2. long for (want) aŋɛ̈ŋphrase 3. How long? (as time) ye thaa yïndï?phrase 4. How long? (as length) ye kaam yïndï?phrase 5. long ago kaam mɛc cï lɔ

lookn 1. glance liɛ̈thphr v 2. look at ɣoiphr v 3. look after mukphr v 4. look for wïcphr v 5. look forward to ŋäthphr v 6. look up to luui wɛ̈t...phrase 7. look like (resemble) athöŋadj loose lääu yic

losev 1. opposite of find bï määrv 2. opposite of win bï yuïïkphrase 3. she lost her mother (her

mother died)man acï thou

n loss määrpt v lost *see lose

lotn 1. destiny të bï pïïr-de lɔ thïnphrase 1. a lot of ka juëc ke...adj loud rör tɔ̈ nhialn lounge room ɣön rëër

loven 1. passionate affection nhiɛ̈ɛ̈r-dït apɛiv 2. feel passionate bï täŋ-de yök ke dït apɛiadj low atɔ̈ piinyn lower case lowa kethadj loyal acï në piɔ̈u ebɛ̈nn luck miɛt guɔ̈padj lucky amit guɔ̈pn lump thuäänyn lunch miɛt aköl

40

machine – match

Mn machine makana

madadj 1. angry agöthadj 2. insane acï miɔ̈lcolloq phr 3. mad about (loves) anhiaar... apɛin madam madampt v made *see maken magazine majalan magic tïïtn magpie makpaai

mailn 1. correspondence awereek cath kɛm kɔcv 2. send bï tuɔɔcadj main kë töŋ tɔ̈ tueeŋ

makev 1. manufacture bï thɔ̈ɔ̈thphrase 2. make the bed bï të tɔ̈c juiirphrase 3. make friends bï kɔc määthphr v 4. make up (reconcile) dɔ̈ɔ̈r kɔc e cï kɛ̈ɛ̈kn make up (cosmetics) nhiɛ̈m looi bï piathadj male mocn mammal läi dhiɛ̈th mïth pïïr cïe toŋn man mocv manage bï luɔi macn manager mudiirn mandarin portugaaln mango maŋon manner (way) të yenë käŋ luɔi thïnn manners (pertaining to polite

behaviour)ciɛɛŋ raan kenë kɔc kɔ̈k

v manufacture bï thɔ̈ɔ̈thadj many ajuëcn map karithan margin (of a book) marjinn marijuana mariɣuana

markv 1. correct bï riɔpn 2. numerical value for work ka cï tiiŋ në riöpicn 3. spot cïn cï jiitn market thuukn marriage thiɛ̈ɛ̈kv marry bï thiɛ̈ɛ̈kn mat athïl

matchv 1. suit bï thiɛ̈ɛ̈k wïcn 2. implement for lighting kibirit

41

mate – midday

n 3. game pol e tëërn mate (friend) mɛ̈thë...n material madan mathematics mɛthematikabbrev maths *see mathematics

mattern 1. substance maadaphrase 2. What’s the matter? yeŋö loi rɔt?phrase 3. It matters a lot acïe koorv may (allowed to) bï cɔk...adv maybe tɛk dɛ̈t bï rɔt lëupron me ɣɛnn meal miɛ̈th

meanv 1. intend bï wïc bï...n 2. average kë tɔ̈ ciɛlicphrase 3. I didn’t mean it (accidental) ke awäcn meaning luɛl wɛ̈tn means (resources) käŋpt v meant *see meanadv meanwhile ku në ye kaamë yicv measure bï themn measurement thëmn meat rïŋn meat pie mit paain mechanic makɛ̈nikin medication lööm waln medicine waladj medium thööŋ rɔtv meet bï rɔ̈m ke...n melon batiɛ̈ɛ̈kv melt bï lɛ̈ɛ̈ŋn member raan akutnhomv memorise bï käŋ döt në nhomicn memory muŋ käŋ nhomicv mend bï kɔɔcadj mental e kë nhomv mention bï lueel

menun 1. list in restaurant rin mïïth ɣön cäm cï gɔ̈tn 2. list on a computer rin ke ka tɔ̈ kɔmpiɔ̈ta yicn mess anyuɔɔnn message wɛ̈t tuɔɔc aɣeerpt v met *see meetn metal adiitn method ajuiɛɛr yenë käŋ luɔi thïnn microscope mijäärn microwave (oven) maikorowepn midday akɔ̈l ciɛlic

42

middle – moist

middleadj 1. central ciɛlicn 2. centre të tueeŋadj middle-aged run kaam dït ke riɛ̈nythin midnight wɛ̈ɛ̈r ciɛlic

mightv 1. express possibility bï kë lëu rɔt lueeln 2. strength bï riɛɛrn migrant abakökadj mild atɔ̈ kaamicn military apuruukn milk can milkbar ɣön ca ɣaac thïn

mindn 1. consciousness nyïny kë loi rɔtphrase 2. Keep in mind muk wɛ̈t yenhomphrase 3. Never mind (don’t worry) duɔ̈në diɛɛrphrase 4. I don’t mind acïn kë diir ɣɛɛnphrase 5. Mind the step (be careful of the

step)tïŋ të cɛth yïn thïn apiath

minepron 1. possessive këdïen 2. underground excavation wëny pinyn mineral adit ye wec piinyn minister (government) wïdhïïrprep minus bï miɛ̈ɛ̈t bei

minuten 1. unit of time digigaadj 2. very small akoor apɛin mirror mirayaadj miserable e pïïr e rac apɛiv misplace bï të cïe tëde

missn 1. woman’s title rin riɛ̈ɛ̈u tikv 2. long for bï ŋäŋv 3. opposite of hit bï wuɔ̈ɔ̈cadj missing aliun Missus Maman Mister Bänyn mistake awäcv misunderstand bï kuɔ̈c piŋv mix bï mat ke dɛ̈tn mixture ka cï mat ke kɔ̈kn mobile phone mobail

modeln 1. representation nyoothn 2. person who shows clothes raan alɛ̈th nyuɔɔthadj modern e kë yamadj modest akoor piɔ̈uadj moist atiɔp

43

moment – naked

n moment cäthn money wëun monitor (computer) mɔnitan month pɛɛin mood (frame of mind) të tɔ̈ nhom thïnn moon pɛɛiadj moral wɛ̈t bï looi ka cïe bï looiadv more ka juëcn morning miäkduurn mosque jamiyaadj most ajuëc apɛin mother man...n motor makanan motor bike pikipikin motor scooter thukuta

mousen 1. animal rïcn 2. computer part biäk kɔmpiɔ̈taphrase mouse button (computer) mauthn mousepad mauthpatn moustache canapn mouth thokv move bï lɔn movement cäthn movie movïabbrev Mr *see Misterabbrev Mrs *see Missusn Ms rin riɛ̈ɛ̈u tik ku nya cɔɔladv much ajuëcadj multicultural e ciɛɛŋ kuɛt ku thook kuɔ̈tn multiplication yum arak kuɔ̈tv multiply bï yup arak kuɔ̈tabbrev mum *see mother

murdern 1. unlawful killing näŋ löŋ dhoŋ kɔ̈uv 2. kill unlawfully bï raan nɔ̈kn muscle rïŋ ke kökn mushroom aweŋn music madhïkav must bï dhil looipron my …dïen mystery dhal kɔc bï deet

Nv nag wɛ̈t tök duɔ̈ɔ̈t thïn

nailn 1. body part riöpn 2. metal spike mathumääradj naked acïn alanh ceŋ

44

name – nobody

namen 1. title rin ke riɛ̈ɛ̈uphrase 2. given name rin tueeŋphrase 3. family name rin ke kuatadj narrow akooricadj nasty aracn nation wun kɔc ceŋ etökadj nationality wun e...adj native e dhiɛ̈th etënë

naturen 1. person’s character duciɛ̈kn 2. environment ka tɔ̈ piny nhomprep near athiɔ̈kadv nearby të thiɔ̈këadv nearly adur cït…adj neat acïn guɔ̈p acuɔladj necessary alëu rɔtn neck yethv need bï wïcn needle aliprɔt

negativen 1. film filimadj 2. opposite of positive acï yök ke tɔ̈v neglect bï päl wein neighbour raan thiääk ke…adv neither acïn töŋ-denn nerve rääradj nervous diɛɛr apɛin nest ɣön dit

netn 1. trap adëëpn 2. sport equipment kë polabbrev Net * see Internetn netball (game) netbooladv never acïe rɔt bï lëuadj new yamn newspaper jerida

nextadv 1. after this kë bɛ̈n në ye kän cökadj 2. following kuɛny cökphrase 3. next door paan thiɔ̈k känadj nice apiathn night wakɔ̈un nightclub nait keläpn night dress alanh nïn

noint 1. opposite yes acïe yeendet 2. not at all acïe lëu bï kan lëupron nobody acïn raan

45

nocturnal – obvious

adj nocturnal e kë wakɔ̈uv nod bï gam met nhomn noise awuɔɔuadv noisily tɔ̈ awuɔɔu thïnadj noisy aloi awuɔɔupron none acïn...n noon ŋääŋpron no-one acïn raan tökconj nor kaadj normal cït mɛn-den north tueeŋn nose wumn nosebleed apithadv not acïe yeen

noten 1. money wënh waragan 2. short piece of writing awereŋ thiin cï gɔ̈tphrase 3. take note (be careful) döt yekëenëphrase 4. take notes bï lueel keek gät pinypron nothing acïn kë tɔ̈n notice kë cï gɔ̈t lëk kɔcn notice board bɔɔt ye wël ke lëk piäätn noun rin kɔc, läi, bɛ̈i ku käŋn novel buŋ akököl cakadv now emɛɛnadv nowadays ke aköl käkadv nowhere acïn të tɔ̈adj nude acïe ciɛ̈ŋ alath

numbern 1. numeral numbaaiv 2. count kuɛ̈nphrase 3. a number of ciin e...abbrev 4. no. (see number)n nurse temerji

nutn 1. fruit atɔmcolloq 2. mad person acïmiɔ̈ln nutrition mïïth wïc guɔ̈p

Oadj obedient e kɔc piŋ thookv obey bï gam

objectn 1. thing këdën 2. aim kë wïcv 3. be against bï kuecn objection kuecv obtain bï yökadj obvious anyic

46

occasion – only

n occasion aköl guëër-dït luɔi ku täkadv occasionally në aköl kɔ̈kn occupation lon ye raan pïïrn ocean bar-dïtadv o’clock thaa

oddadj 1. strange e kɔc cɔk gäiphrase 2. odd number ɣɔɔt nambaprep of de, e ku ke...int of course cït mɛn nyic yeen

offadv 1. away from amec ke...prep 2. opposite on baŋ tuicolloq phr 3. Off you go! lɔr emɛɛnn offence awäc

offern 1. proposal ajuiɛɛr kë bï looiv 2. present for approval bï gam bï cɔk lɔ tueŋn office maktapn officer bäny muk maktapadj official bäny lui maktapicadv often në aköl kɔ̈k juëcint oh! ɣä!

oiln 1. of petroleum bitoroolv 2. grease cäɣämint okay apiath

oldadj 1. opposite new kë thɛɛradj 2. opposite young acï dhiɔpn old age dhiɔpadj old-fashioned akuany kathɛɛr cök

onprep 1. representing location tëadj 2. opposite off atɔ̈ thïnphrase 3. on fire adɛ̈pphrase 4. on foot acath yecökphrase 5. on time bɛ̈n thaa thokphrase 6. on holidays atɔ̈ ajathaphrase 7. on the left atɔ̈ baŋ ciɛɛmphrase 8. on the right atɔ̈ baŋ cuëëcphrase 9. on top atɔ̈ tueeŋ

onceadv 1. one time thaa tökphrase 2. at once të cï gääuphrase 3. once a week arak tök në nïn ke 7 yiicadj one tökn onion bathaladv only acïn dɛ̈t

47

open – overcrowded

openadj 1. opposite of closed acï ŋaany thokphrase 2. in the open (outside) atɔ̈ aɣeern opening ŋäny thok

operatev 1. work bï looiv 2. carry out surgery bï ameliya looin operation ameliyan opinion wɛ̈t piɔ̈n raann opportunity kë pieth bï yök thïnv oppose bï cïe gamn opposite atɔ̈ baŋ dɛ̈të

orangeadj 1. colour makethn 2. fruit portugaaln orchestra orkethtara

ordern 1. numerical sequence ajuiɛɛr nambaain 2. direction for a supply bï ka ɣɔ̈ɔ̈cë keek thiɛ̈ɛ̈cv 3. put in sequence bï ka kuany ke cök juiirv 4. arrange supply of bï ka ɣɔ̈ɔ̈cë keek juiiradj ordinary acït kɔ̈k

organn 1. musical instrument organn 2. body part biäk guɔ̈pn organisation ajuiɛɛr akutnhomv organise aï juiirn origin meipron other dɛ̈t conj otherwise na cïe yeen ke...pron our kë-dan...

outadv 1. opposite in atɔ̈ aɣeerprep 2. out of bɛ̈n beiphrase 3. Lights out! Nyaai-ë mac!phrase 4. made out of e looi në...phrase 5. out of bounds acïn raan lɔ yetënëphrase 6. out of date këthɛɛrphrase 7. out of order acï riääkphrase 8. out of work acïe luiadv outside atɔ̈ baŋ aɣeeradj oval (shape) oval

overadv 1. finished acï thökprep 2. pertaining to location të tuiphrase 3. over and over bï beeric arak juëcphrase 4. over there të tuiphrase 5. fall over nhiaar apɛiadj overcrowded acï thiäŋ kɔc

48

overdo – pass

v overdo bï luɔɔi wäär nyinadj overdue thaa-de acï wann overhead projector overɣët porojɛktav overhear bï wɛ̈t piɛŋ weiadj overnight në wɛ̈ɛ̈ricadv overseas atɔ̈ paan aɣeerv oversleep bï thaa pääc waanv overtake bï döötv owe bï kɔ̈ɔ̈nyphrase owing to (due to) në wɛ̈t e…

ownv 1. have bï mukphrase 2. his own money wëu adöcken owner wun e...n oxygen ɣɔkthijin

Pv pack bï duutphrase pack of cards kucteenn packet ke cï doln pad (as note-pad) notan paddock të yenë ɣök mac thïnn page apämpt v paid *see payn pain bɛ̈cv paint bï yiɛ̈k cïïtn painting thura cï käärn pair käŋ ke rouadj pale acï gɔkn pan tony wëëthn pants banthaloonn pantyhose pantiɣöthn paper waragan paragraph cök wɛ̈t cï gɔ̈tadj parallel lɔ dhɔ̈l wääcn parallelogram paralelgɛrɛmn parent wun/man

parkn 1. green space të magök lääuv 2. as a car bï riäi macn part biäkn participle (grammar) partithipoladj particular thok peein partner tik/mocadj part-time päätaimn party (gathering) ɣafala

passv 1. go by bïv 2. opposite of fail bï tiam

49

passage – persuade

v 3. hand over bï gamphrase 4. train pass tɛ̈thkara gatharn passage dhöln passenger raan cath bääth, gatharn passport päthpɔɔt

pastn 1. time gone by ɣɔnphrase 2. walk past tëëk yelɔ̈ɔ̈mphrase 3. half past three thaa cï wan abakphrase 4. past tense päth tenethn pasta pathta

pasten 1. glue adökv 2. stick with paste bï nueetn path dhöl

patientn 1. a person under medical

treatmentraan tuaany tïŋ akïm

adj 2. calm under stress lɔ dïun pause kɔ̈ɔ̈c cekn paw riɔ̈p lɛ̈i

payn 1. earnings ariöpv 2. provide with money bï riɔpn pea akuɛmn peace dɔ̈ɔ̈radj peaceful aciɛ̈ŋ në dɔ̈ɔ̈rn pen galamn pencil pentholn pencil case kïn pentholn penguin peŋguinn pentagon pentagɔnn pepper cethaadv per cent në buɔticn percentage ayum në buɔɔtadj perfect lɔcökv perform bï looin perfume wɛ̈l nyïradv perhaps tɛ̈k dɛ̈t bï...

periodn 1. school day division tëk kaam piööc thukulicn 2. pertaining to menstruation thɛ̈k diäärn 3. amount of time kaam thɛɛ/nïn/runn permission yïdhïn

permitn 1. licence rukthav 2. allow bï puɔ̈ln person raanv persuade bï cɔk gäm

50

pet – plate

n pet lɛ̈n mac baain petrol bitiroolabbrev phone *see telephonen photocopy fotokɔpi

photographn 1. picture thurav 2. take a picture bï thura dɔmn phrase fëreethadj physical kë thiääk ke guɔ̈pn pianist raan pol pianoun piano pianou

pickv 1. choose bï lɔccolloq phr 2. pick on (bully) kuɛ̈ny bɛi në ciɛɛŋ raccolloq phr 3. pick up some English bï piöcphrase 4. take your pick löm kë nhiaarn picnic rëilan picture thuran piece biäk këdɛ̈n pile ka cï kut nhïïmn pill abupn pillow kë thiɛ̈ɛ̈r nhomn pilot raan riän nhial kuaathn pin dabuthn pineapple ananaathn pipe aduwäi/dak pityn 1. shame ayäärv 2. feel sorry for bï nyin kuany

placen 1. location tëdɛ̈v 2. put bï tääuphrase 3. take place (occur) tuɔ̈lphrase 4. my place (home) tëdïe

plainn 1. field ɣɔ̈ŋadj 2. ordinary epathphrase 3. It’s plain (clear) acïe këdït

plann 1. scheme ajuɛɛrv 2. organise bï juiirabbrev plane *see aeroplanen planet ciɛ̈ɛ̈rn plant tim ku wäl

plasticadj 1. resinous substance palathtikn 2. mouldable acuëcn plate (household item) thään

51

platform – pool

platformn 1. on station kë rëërn 2. for diving pelatfoomn platypus palatipath

playn 1. drama akölköl cï käärv 2. have fun bï polphrase 3. play a game polphrase 4. play a CD bï Thïï Dïï poln playground të lääu poladj pleasant apiathint please yïn ca thiɛ̈ɛ̈cadj pleased cït mɛn riɛ̈ɛ̈un pleasure miɛt piɔ̈un plenty ajuëc

plugn 1. stopper peläkn 2. electrical peläkphr v 3. plug in kë ye cuɔɔk thïn

pluraladj 1. more than one ka juëc nën 2. grammar form pelurulprep plus dɛ̈t

pocketn 1. pouch kïïthn 2. pocket money wëu ke jeepn poem wël ke tuaar ye kueenn poet raan wël ke tuaar cakn poetry wël ke tuaar cï gɔ̈t

pointn 1. sharp end thoŋ mothn 2. reason në yekënën 3. numerical value ka kuɛ̈n arithmitikv 4. gesture with finger bï nyooth në cinphr v 5. point out bï lueelphrase 6. point of view wɛ̈t piɔ̈n raanv poke bï gutn pole tim cï riɛr bäärn police boliith

polishn 1. substance used for shining warniicv 2. make glossy bï coth cït waradj polite ariɛ̈u kɔcn politics thiathav pollute bï piny yiɛ̈k anyuɔ̈ɔ̈nn pollution anyuɔ̈ɔ̈nn pool (of water) pul

52

poor – preparation

pooradj 1. opposite rich aŋɔ̈ŋadj 2. not very good acïe piathcolloq 3. pitiable kuanyinabbrev pop *see popularadj popular anhiɛɛr kɔc juëcn population kɔc juëc ceŋ piny

positionn 1. location tëdɛ̈n 2. viewpoint on wɛ̈t piɔ̈n raan

positiveadj 1. opposite negative kë piathadj 2. sure anyicv possess bï mukn possession adööcadj possible alëu rɔtn possum pɔthamv post bï tuɔɔc në buthtan postage stamp thabian postcard pɔthkäätn post office maktap buthtan poster pɔthtan pot (container) tönyn potato bathathithn pot plant töny waln pouch kïïthn powder abïk

powern 1. strength riɛɛrphrase 2. in power (in charge) amuk bäänyadj powerful arirn power point pawa ponyadj practical kë lëu bïn practice luɔiv practise bï looi

praisen 1. appoval gämv 2. express approval bï gamv pray bï lɔ̈ŋn prayer lɔ̈ŋadj precious apiathv prefer bï lɔcadj pregnant aliacn prejudice män

premiern 1. state government leader waliadj 2. leading aŋäärn preparation juiɛɛr

53

prepare – progress

v prepare bï juiirn preposition peripothicionn prescription (doctor’s) wɛ̈l cï akïm gät raan tuaany

presentn 1. gift miɔ̈cv 2. give out bï gamadj 3. opposite absent acï bɛ̈nphrase 4. at present (now) emɛɛnn president reeth

pressn 1. media ka ke lëkv 2. push bï thanyv pretend bï rɔt dhoomadj pretty adhëŋ guɔ̈pv prevent bï pëënadj previous acï wann price ciin ɣɔ̈cv prick bï toomn pride lɛc rɔtadj primary aŋäär tueeŋn primary school thukul göln prime minister bäny wïdhïïr

principaln 1. school head mudir thukuladj 2. leading aŋäär tueeŋn principle wɛ̈t ciɛɛŋ mac raan/kɔc

printv 1. of handwriting gät raan cinv 2. of machine makana gät awereekn printer (computer) pirintan prison thijinadj private këlein prize jayidhan probability kë lëu rɔt looiadj probable alëu rɔtadv probably tɛ̈k dɛ̈tn problem kë riricv proceed bï ɣetn process dhöln procession mathiira

producen 1. yield ka cï luɔkv 2. make bï looin product kë cï looin profession lon wïc nyïn käŋn professor porofethan profit ribän program ajuiɛɛrn progress lɔ tueŋ

54

project – pyjamas

n project (as school project) porojɛkpromise

n 1. assurance luɛl kë bï looiv 2. vow bï lueel bï looin pronoun poronaunv pronounce bï wɛ̈t cɔɔln pronunciation cɔ̈t wɛ̈tn proof kë nyooth käŋadj proper lɔcökadv properly lɔcökn property adööcv protect bï gëln protection gël

protestn 1. objection reecv 2. object këdɛ̈adj proud alec rɔtv prove bï nyuɔɔthv provide bï gamn pub ɣön miäuadj public aɣeern public school thukul akumaphrase public transport ajuiɛɛr cänh ka ke ariöp

pullv 1. tug bï miitphr v 2. pull down (demolish) thuɔ̈r pinyphr v 3. pull up (stop) kɔ̈ɔ̈ccolloq phr 4. pull oneself together rɔt cɔk rirn pump mathuraadj punctual e thaa cï cäk tiɛɛŋ thokv punish bï yiɛ̈k awäcn punishment ariɔm awäc

pupiln 1. eye part biäk cool nyinn 2. school student mɛnh thukuladj pure lɔjikadj purple mathiäŋ

pushv 1. exert force bï jɔ̈pphr v 2. push in (go before your turn) rɔt riɛɛny

putv 1. place bï tääuphr v 2. put away (pack up) nyiɛɛiphr v 3. put off (delay) acï gɔ̈ɔ̈uphr v 4. put on (dress in) alath ruɔ̈kphr v 5. put out (as fire) yaaiphr v 6. put up with (endure) guɔ̈m kë racn puzzle adhal kɔcn pyjamas pajama

55

pyramid – realise

n pyramid piramit

Qv qualify (make competent) bï piɔ̈ɔ̈c nyic ku tëëtadj quality apiathn quantity ciin kuɛ̈n ka lik/juëcv quarrel bï gɔ̈thn quarter biäk ŋuann queen tiɛŋ mëlëkn question thiɛ̈cn queue kɔ̈ɔ̈c laanyicadj quick e rɔt laac looiadv quickly të cïn gääuadj quiet abitadv quietly emääthv quit bï jäladv quite adur

Rrace

n 1. competition tëërn 2. ethnicity kuatv 3. compete bï tëërn racism guɛɛm wɛ̈t kuat ku cïn guɔ̈pn radio rediyoun radius rediyuthn railing riääk piɔ̈un railway dhöl gatharn rain deŋn rain coat alanh gël deŋv raise bï jat nhialpt v ran *see runpt v rang *see ringn range biäk kuurv rank bï juiir gɔl dït le pinyadj rapid e rɔt lac looiadj rare acïe lac yökn rash (skin eruption) tuëtadv rather (to a certain extent) acïtadj raw athith

reachv 1. arrive at bï copphrase 2. out of reach (unobtainable) acïe ye yökv react bï dhuk nhomn reaction dhuŋ wɛ̈t nhomv read bï kuenadj ready acï juiiradj real e yeenv realise bï nyic

56

really – republic

adv really cït yeenadj rear ciɛ̈ɛ̈nn reason në yekënëv receive (get) bï yökadj recent wäär thiɔ̈kën recess (morning tea) kaam lɔ̈ŋ të luɔicolloq reckon (think or suppose) bï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋv recognise bï nyicv record bï gät piny

recountn 1. story genre luɛl akölkölv 2. narrate bï akölköl lueel

recoverv 1. get back bï dhuɔ̈k ciɛ̈ɛ̈nv 2. get better bï pial në tuaanyn rectangle rɛktaŋgoladj red aluatv reduce bï tekicv refer bï wɛ̈t dɛ̈t peei mat jamicn referee rïfïrïïn refrigerator talajan refugee abakökv refuse bï kuecn region yigiliimv regret bï piɔ̈u dhiaauadj regular e tuɔ̈l eluɔ̈ɔ̈tadv regularly eluɔ̈ɔ̈tn relation (kin) raan ruäi ke raann relationship ruääin relative raan ruääi ke raanv relax bï guɔ̈p päl piny bï lɔ̈ŋn religion ajuiɛɛr duɔ̈ɔ̈r jakv remain bï döŋn remark luɛl wɛ̈t cekicv remember bï kë thɛɛr bɛɛr takv remind bï raan bɛɛr lɛ̈k wɛ̈tn reminder wɛ̈t kɔc cɔk tak ka bï looiv remove bï jɔt

rentn 1. payment for accommodation ariɔm ɣötv 2. hire bï juurv repeat bï dhuɔ̈k thïnv replace bï waarv reply bï dhuk nhom

reportn 1. written account ripɔɔtv 2. give an account bï kë cï tuɔ̈ juiirn reporter ripɔrtan republic jamuriya

57

request – ring

requestn 1. petition awereŋ guɛlv 2. ask for bï thiɛ̈ɛ̈cv rescue bï kony në këracic

reserven 1. park pääkv 2. keep aside bï meekn resident raan rɛ̈ɛ̈r ɣööt ka baain respect athɛɛkn responsibility ka bï raan dhil luɔiadj responsible amac rɔt apiath

restn 1. relaxation lɔ̈ŋv 2. relax bï lɔ̈ŋn 3. remainder ka kɔ̈kn restaurant mathaamn rest room ɣön laacn result kë cï bɛ̈n bei

returnn 1. arrival back dhuk ciɛ̈ɛ̈nv 2. go back to bï dhuk të...v 3. give back to bï dhuɔ̈k të...phrase 4. return tickets tɛ̈thkëra lɔ ku dhuk ciɛ̈ɛ̈n

reverseadj 1. opposite forward dhuk ciɛ̈ɛ̈nv 2. go backwards bï lɔ ciɛ̈ɛ̈nv revise bï luɔi bɛɛr dhuɔ̈k piny

revolutionn 1. full circle rivulucionn 2. war thoran reward ariɔpn rhythm rïdhïmn ribbon ribonn rice ruthadj rich acï jakv rid bï nyaaiv ride yith ajɔ̈ŋköör kɔ̈u

rightadj 1. opposite wrong apiathadj 2. opposite left cuëcadv 3. direction ciin cuëëcn 4. just claim yicphrase 5. all right (as for health) apiɔlphrase 6. all right (as for agreement) apiathphrase 7. right now (immediately) emɛɛnn right angle dhau-ya yemiin

ringn 1. jewellery jonh thiɛ̈ɛ̈k ye ceŋ në cinv 2. as a phone awuɔu telefun yup

58

ripe – run

v 3. as a bell bï löth metadj ripe acï luɔk

risen 1. ascent lɔ nhialv 2. get up bï rɔt jɔtn risk kë lëu bï kërac bɛ̈in river ciirn road gëkv roar bï ciun robot robotn rock döötn rockpool rɔkpuuln rod atuel cekpt v rode *see ride

rolln 1. absentee list rin ke kɔc këc bɛ̈nn 2. form of bread ajuräiv 3. move by turning over bï rɔt yuiicn roof akëny thïn ɣöt nhomn room ɣötn root mein rope yuɛ̈n

rosen 1. flower gaakpt v 2. *see riseadj rough alɔ yop

roundadj 1. circular acï göölicphrase 2. round the corner acïe mec

rown 1. arrangement in a line laanyn 2. fight bï gɔ̈thv 3. as a boat riän wɛ̈ric geeradj royal ka paan mëlëkv rub bï cothn rubber lïthïkn rubbish anyuɔɔnadj rude acïn guɔ̈p riɛ̈ɛ̈uv ruin bï riɔ̈ɔ̈k

rulen 1. regulation löŋv 2. as a line rulav 3. govern bï kɔc macn ruler (school equipment) rula

runv 1. move fast bï riŋphrase 2. a river runs into the ocean kuëërphr v 3. run away from katphr v 4. run out of bï thök

59

rung – scissors

phr v 5. run over (with a car) bï käcicn rung (of a ladder) biäk piinyn runner-up abɔ̈ ciɛ̈ɛ̈nphrase runny nose wum kuëër juäiv rush bï lɔɔc

Sadj sad acïe piɔ̈u mitadj safe acïn kërɛɛc bï yeen yökpt v said *see say

sailn 1. part of ship alanh riän wɛ̈ric kuaath yomv 2. cause movement of ship using

windbBï riän wɛ̈ric cath në alanh ye yom kuaath

n salad thalatan salary ariɔpn sale ɣɔ̈ɔ̈cn salt awaiadj same athöŋn sand liɛɛtn sandal wɛɛr cïe nhïïm kuɔ̈mn sandwich thanwicpt v sang *see singpt v sat *see sitn satisfaction kuɛthadj satisfactory e rɔt tiiŋadj satisfied acï kuɛthv satisfy bï cɔk kuethn sauce aŋɔcn sausage thɔuthic

savev 1. rescue bï luɔ̈kv 2. keep on computer bï theepv 3. keep as money bï wëu tɔ̈ɔ̈u

sawn 1. tool kë luɔipt v 2. *see seev say bï lueel

scalen 1. covering on animals kuaacn 2. measuring device medhänadj scarce acïe lac yökn scarf thikääpn scene të tul käŋ thïnn scenery kë piath daain school thukuln school shoe waar thukuln science thaanyn scissors magath

60

score – set

scoren 1. points made in a game thikɔɔrv 2. to get points bï ka ke tiɛ̈m yökv scream bï kuuin screen cacan screw muthumäärn sea abapdïtn seagull thïïgäl

searchn 1. the act of searching wïcv 2. look for bï wïcn season tëk cenë ruɔ̈ɔ̈n tɛkic në ŋuann seat të nyuc

secondn 1. unit of time thääniadj 2. after first e bɛ̈n kë tueeŋ cökadv secondly dɛ̈t e rou

secretn 1. something hidden athiaanadj 2. unknown by others akuc kɔc kɔ̈kn section abakv see bï tïŋn seed käuv seek bï wïcadv seldom në aköl kɔ̈kv select bï kuanyadj selfish anhiaar rɔtv sell bï ɣaacv send bï tuɔɔc

sensen 1. one of the five faculties të ye guɔ̈p käŋ deeticphrase 2. make sense (be intelligible) wɛ̈t lëu bï deeticadj sensible wɛ̈t lëu bï gampt v sent *see sendn sentence thenten

separateadj 1. disconnected acï tek yiicv 2. to keep apart bï keek tek yiicn sequence ajuɛɛr ye käŋ ke cök kuanyn series ka kuany ke cök

seriousadj 1. important e wɛ̈t tueeŋadj 2. opposite of lighthearted acïe wɛ̈t e poln servant raan luui raan dɛ̈tv serve bï luɔ̈ɔ̈in service lon ye luɔ̈I kɔc juëc

setv 1. to put in a particular place bï tääu të të tökn 2. a group of things ka cï määt nhïïm të tök

61

settle – short cut

phr v 3. set off (go) bïkë gɔlphr v 4. set out (put in order) göl-dephr v 5. set up (prepare) bï yïk

settlev 1. to live in bï rëër thïnphr v 2. settle on (agree on) bï gamn settlement të rëërn settler raan rɛ̈ɛ̈r adj several ka kɔ̈k juëcv sew bï kɔɔcn sex tëk ŋuɔ̈t ku thɔnn sexism guɛɛm wɛ̈t yen tik ka mocn shade cïtn shadow atiɛ̈pv shake bï metv shall abïadj shallow acïe thuthn shame ayäärn shampoo campuun shape guɔ̈p

sharen 1. portion abakv 2. divide up bï tekadj sharp amothn sharpener cääpenav shave bï muutpron she yeenn sheep amääl/amɛ̈l

sheetn 1. of paper awerekn 2. of bedding mïlayan shelf rafn shell (of sea) thialn shelter të guŋv shine bï lɔ riauriauadj shiny e lɔ riauriaun ship riän cath wɛ̈ɛ̈r-dïticn shirt gamiithn shock ajiëthn shoe waarv shoot bï moc

shopn 1. place to buy goods thuukv 2. buy goods bï ɣööcn shore wath-thok

shortadj 1. opposite tall acekadj 2. opposite long acekn short-cut dhöl cekic

62

shorts – skate

n shorts (clothing) rïdïshot

n 1. gunfire moc dhaŋpt v 2. *see shootv should abï dhilv shout bï cöötv shove bï thany wei

showv 1. display bï nyuɔɔthn 2. as on TV coouphr v 3. show off (be pretentious) wïc bï rɔ̈t nyuɔɔth

showern 1. weather condition deŋ aduatv 2. wash oneself bï raan laak mathuran 3. bathroom apparatus mathura ɣön laakv shrink bï kuurv shut bï thiɔ̈ɔ̈k thokadj shy e guɔ̈p riɔ̈ɔ̈cadj sick atuaanyn sick bay të kɔc tuaanyn side biäkadv sideways në dhɔ̈l ke roun sight tïŋ

signn 1. information board bɔ̈ɔ̈t wël ke lëkv 2. write one’s signature bï thaanyn signal anyooth käŋn signature thänyn sign language thoŋ mïŋn silence biɛtadj silent abitn silk ɣariradj silly awäny thiin koorn silver fidhaadj similar adur thöŋadj simple apiɔlicv sing bï ketadj single atɔ̈ yetökn singlet fanilan singular (grammatical) thiŋular

sinkn 1. tub for washing ɣoth ɣamamv 2. go down bï dïïrn Sir (respectful form of address) Bänyn sister nyankënëv sit bï nyuc

skatev 1. glide over the ground bï cath në thiketn 2. equipment for skating thiket

63

skateboard – so

n skateboard thiketbɔ̈ɔ̈tn skateboarding thiketbɔ̈ɔ̈diŋn ski thïkaain skiing pol thikaaiadj skilful atëtn skill tëëtn skin dɛ̈l

skipv 1. jump bï yötv 2. pass over bï luɔi waann skirt tanuran sky nhialn slang jam ye piŋ kɔc lik cï röth piŋv slap bï maŋn slave alonyv sleep bï ninadj sleepy anɛ̈k nïnpt v slept *see sleepn slice biäk cï teemv slide bï thööcadj slim athoin sling nimlav slip bï riethn slipper (type of shoe) cipcipadj slippery të riethv slit bï ŋootn slope të lɔ piny

slowadj 1. opposite fast emääthadj 2. behind time acï gääuadv slowly emääthadj small akooradj smart (clever) apel nyinv smash bï kuem

smelln 1. odour polv 2. inhale an odour bï pol ŋöör

smilen 1. facial expression ŋeepv 2. make facial expression bï ŋeep

smoken 1. visible substance from fire tolv 2. inhale a substance bï mathadj smooth aläkn snack thenakn snake këroorv sneeze tïïmn snow jïlïïtconj so (consequently) ayïn-ya

64

soap – sphere

n soap thabuunn soccer kuran society ciɛɛŋ kɔc rɛ̈ɛ̈r të tökn sock (clothing) curap

softadj 1. opposite hard akɔ̈cadj 2. opposite loud emääthadv softly looi emääthpt v sold *see sell

solidadj 1. having three dimensions atɔ̈ ke ɣän ke diäkn 2. matter that is not liquid or gas maada

solutionn 1. answer lon kë riricn 2. mixture (scientific) thulucionv solve lon këriric cɔk thökdet some kɔ̈kn somebody e ŋɛkn someone raan dɛ̈tadv sometimes në kɛm kɔ̈kn son wën e...n song ditadv soon emɛn thiinë

soreadj 1. painful abecn 2. painful spot tëtökphrase 3. sore throat akuɔ̈ɔ̈k e röradj sorry adhiaau piɔ̈uv sort bï käŋ tet yiicn soul tiɛ̈ɛ̈pn sound rörn soup cuaaiadj sour awacn south baai thar ciɛ̈ɛ̈n

spacen 1. outside earth’s atmosphere thepethn 2. room ɣötn spade kuerekadj spare dɛ̈t lääuv speak bï jamadj special loi thok peein speech jam

speedn 1. rapidity pialv 2. go fast bï cath ke piɔlv spell bï lɛtaai ke wɛ̈t kueenv spend bï wëu thölpt v spent *see spendn sphere kɛm ke käŋ

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spill – starfish

v spill bï wäl pinyv spin bï yuïïcn spirit (soul) tiɛ̈pv spit bï citv splash bï piɔ̈u wɛɛr pinyv split bï tekicv spoil bï riɔ̈ɔ̈kpt v spoke *see speakn spoon malagan sport poln sports oval të e poln sports shoe wɛɛr ke pol

spotn 1. circular pattern kë käär cï göölicn 2. sore tëtökn 3. place të lääuv 4. see bï tïŋv spread bï thiäi piny

springn 1. season mäiv 2. jump bï yɔt

spyn 1. person who keeps secret

watch on othersthiai-dït

v 2. watch bï ɣoisquare

n 1. plane figure thikuɛ̈ɛ̈radj 2. shaped as a square acït thikuɛ̈ɛ̈rn staffroom ɣön rëër bäny ke luɔin stage dhöln stair thilim

stampn 1. as for postage thëtɛmv 2. impress a mark on bï wɛ̈t-de piŋv 3. strike with foot bï wec në cök

standv 1. take upright position bï kɔ̈ɔ̈cphr v 2. stand back rɔt muɔ̈k weiphr v 3. stand for (signify) bï tɔ̈ nyïn...phr v 4. stand up for (defend) bï cik nyincolloq phr 5. I can’t stand it (I hate it) aca lëu ba guumn standard ajuiɛɛr luɔi bï kuany cök

starn 1. astral body kueln 2. famous actor, singer etc. raan nyic ka pith ye looiadj 3. shape athöŋ ke kueln starfish thëtaarfic

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start – stop

startn 1. beginning gölv 2. begin bï gɔl

statev 1. say bï lueeln 2. political division dolan statement wɛ̈t cï lueel

stationn 1. of railway määtha gatharn 2. police station nukta boliithn statue thanamv stay bï rëëradj steady acïe rɔt waarn steak rïŋ cïic yuɔɔmv steal bï kualn steam nyin wɛ̈ɛ̈rn steel adiitadj steep dhöl lɔ pinyn stem mei

stepv 1. move using feet bï lɔ tueŋn 2. stair thilimphrase 3. watch your step (be careful) cathë apiathn stepbrother wën wä/man stepfather mony mann stepmother tiŋ wunn stepsister nyan wun/man

stickv 1. fasten bï ruɔ̈kn 2. piece of wood atueladj sticky lɔ nuetadj stiff acïe lëu bï riny

stilladv 1. without moving akääcadv 2. yet aŋootv sting bï gut

stinkn 1. bad odour anhianyv 2. smell very bad bï nhianyv stir bï riricpt v stole *see stealn stomach yäcn stomach ache arɛɛm yäcn stone döötpt v stood *see stand

stopn 1. cessation thökv 2. halt bï cɔk kääc

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store – suburb

n store makadheneën storey ɣön tɔ̈ nhialn storm yom-dit apɛin story akölköln stove many thätn stove top të that many adök

straightadj 1. not crooked lɔcökadj 2. not wavy or curly (of hair) nhiɛ̈m lɔcökphrase 3. straight ahead bï ɣet tueŋv straighten bï cɔk lɔcökv strain bï dhääradj strange kë e gäin stranger raan kucn strawberry farawalan stream nyin wɛ̈ɛ̈rn street gëkn strength riɛ̈r

stressv 1. put emphasis on bï wɛ̈t cɔk piŋ apiathn 2. tension pïïr guɔ̈madj strict wɛ̈t bi dhil piŋ

strikev 1. hit bï yupn 2. blow yupphrase 3. on strike (not working) idhäräfn string yuiɛ̈n thoi kɔ̈un strip dhöl cekv stroke bï tɔɔŋadj strong (powerful) arirn struggle thɔ̈ɔ̈r bï pïïrpt v stuck *see stickn student mɛnh thukul

studyn 1. room of house të kuɛ̈n ku luɔi ɣöötv 2. endeavour to acquire

knowledgebï kuen bï piöc

stuffn 1. material këdɛ̈v 2. push bï cuɔɔk thïnadj stupid akuc käŋn style dhöl yenë käŋ luɔi thïn

subjectn 1. course of study kë bï kueen të piöcn 2. topic wɛ̈t e jamn substance maadav subtract bï miɛ̈ɛ̈t bein subtraction mïït bein suburb biäk ceŋ tɔ̈ peen

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succeed – survey

v succeed bï tiamn success tiɛ̈mv suck bï thuatadj sudden rɔt looi kaam cekicadv suddenly tuɔ̈l kaam cekicv suffer bï gumn sugar thukarv suggest bï lueeln suggestion luɛl

suitn 1. clothing badalav 2. be appropriate bï rɔt tiiŋadj suitable abï luuin sum (total) ciin ka cï matn summer mäin sun akɔ̈ln sunburn nyum akɔ̈l dɛ̈l nyopn sunglasses nëën gël akɔ̈ln sunhat ajɔtadj sunny aköl rueln sunscreen ajɔtn sunshine ruɛl akɔ̈l

supplyn 1. provisions ka ye ɣaacv 2. provide bï gam

supportn 1. assistance kuɔɔnyv 2. provide assistance bï kuɔɔny gamv suppose (assume) bï thɔ̈ɔ̈ŋadj sure atiŋ rɔt

surfn 1. seaswell apiɔ̈ɔ̈kv 2. ride a surfboard bï pol thɛ̈ɛ̈fn surface nhomn surfboard thɛ̈ɛ̈fbɔ̈ɔ̈tn surfer ran pol thɛɛf

surgeryn 1. doctor’s room ɣön luɔi akïmn 2. operation by doctor ameliya ye akïm looin surname rin ke kuat

surprisen 1. unexpected event kë tuɔ̈l ke kucv 2. catch unprepar