5 Diagram 5.1 shows the relationship between two transport systems and the body cells of human.Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan hubungan di antara dua sistem pengangkutan dan sel-sel badan manusia.

Diagram 5.1

Rajah 5.1

(a)(i) Name the fluid D and E .Namakan cecair D dan E

D : .......................................................................................................................

E : .......................................................................................................................[2 marks]

(ii) Explain how fluid D is formed.Terangkan bagaimana cecair D terbentuk.

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…………………………………………………………………………………..

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(iii) Name a substances that can be found in both fluid E and F.Namakan bahan-bahan yang boleh ditemui dalam kedua-dua cecair E dan F.

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]

(b) Fluid E and F are involved in the body`s defence system. Explain the defence mechanism of the following fluid :Cecair E dan F terlibat dalam sistem pertahanan badan. Terangkan mekanisma pertahanan cecair berikut:

Fluid E

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

Fluid F

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..[4 marks]

(c) The Diagram 5.2 shows the change in the amount of antibodies of individuals X and Y which have been injected with a vaccine and an antiserum respectively. Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan perubahan dalam kandungan antibodi individu X dan Y yang masing-masing diberikan suntikan vaksin dan antiserum.

Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.2

(c)(i) What is a `vaccine` ?

Apa yang dimaksudkan vaksin?

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..[1 mark]

(ii) What type of immunity is obtained by X and Y respectively ? Apakah jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh X dan Y?

X: ……………………………………………………………………………

Y : ....................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(iii) Why is a second injection required by individuals X and Y? Mengapa suntikan kedua diperlukan oleh individu X dan Y?

X : …………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..

Y : …………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………..[2 marks]

(iv) State two differences between the types of immunity obtained by individuals X and Y.Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara jenis keimunan yang diperolehi oleh individu X dan Y.

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(v) State the type of immunisation suitable for a person who has been stung by a wasps .Explain why the person should receive this type of immunisation.Nyatakan jenis imunisasi yang sesuai untuk orang yang telah disengat oleh tebuan.Terangkan mengapa orang ini diberi imunisasi jenis tersebut?

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…………………………………………………………………………………..[3 marks]