Bio Do Now

• Do you have the same DNA as the person sitting next to you?

• How can you tell?

• Get out your notes

mutation

• Any change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene/DNA molecule

• Either on chromosome level or nucleotide level

• Germ cell mutation- occurs in gamete (egg or sperm) affects offspring

• Somatic cell mutation- occurs in body cell, affects individual

Gene Mutations• Point mutations- substitution of a single

nucleotide

• Frameshift- insertion or deletion of a nucleotide

• Original DNA:• DNA: TAC CTA CTC GAG TAG• mRNA: AUG GAU GAG CUC AUC• tRNA: UAC CUA CUC GAG UAG• Start: She ate ham stop• Mutation 1:• DNA: TAC CTA CTC GAC TAG• mRNA: AUG GAU GAC CUG AUC• tRNA: UAC CUA CUG GAC UAG• Start: She ate Sam stop

• Original DNA:• DNA: TAC CTA CTC GAG TAG ACT…• mRNA: AUG GAU GAG CUC AUC• tRNA: UAC CUA CUC GAG UAG• Start: She ate ham stop• Mutation 2:• DNA: TAC CAC TCG AGT AGA CT…• mRNA: AUG GUG AGC UCA UCA GA• tRNA: UAC CAC UCG AGU AGU CU• Start: hea the ama ndw asn ots ad…

• Come up with your own three letter word sentence.

• Model a point mutation

• Model a frameshift

• Which is more likely to have an effect on a protein, a point mutation or a frameshift mutation?

Chromosome mutations

Car analogy

Chromosome mutations

• Deletion- loss of part of a chromosome

Chromosome mutations

• Duplication- gene on a chromosome is copied twice

Chromosome mutations

• Inversion- part of chromosome breaks, flips around backwards, and reattaches

Chromosome mutations

• Translocation- piece of chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome

Chromosome mutations

• Non-disjunction- chromosome fails to separate during meiosis, one gamete receives 2 copies, the other none

Mutations can be:

1) harmful- lethal or detrimental to growth and development

2) beneficial- give evolutionary advantage

3)neutral- no change in gene expression or protein structure

For each of the following:• Transcribe into RNA and find the amino acid

sequence that it codes for (table p.244)

• Determine what type of gene mutation has occurred

Original: TAC CTA GAA CCG ATC

Mutation 1: TAC CTA GAA CCA ATC

Mutation 2: TAC CTA GAT ACC GAT C

Mutation 3: TAC CTA AAC CGA TC

Mutation 4: TAC CTT GAA CCG ATC

Read about mutagens

• p.255