bio geo publication
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geology 2013TRANSCRIPT
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STANDARDS FOR BIO-GEO DATABASE
Editors
Nisha Mendiratta
R Siva Kumar
K S Rao
Natural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS)Department of Science and Technology (DST)
Ministry of Science and TechnologyGovernment of India
V E R S I O N 1
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Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India, 2008
ISBN 978-81-7993-151-6
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means with-out prior permission of Department of Science and Technology.
Suggested format for citation
Mendiratta N, Siva Kumar R, and Rao K S (eds). 2008Stardards for Bio-geo Database, Version 1New Delhi: TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute)
Conceived and published byNatural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS) DivisionDepartment of Science and Technology (DST)Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of IndiaTechnology Bhavan, New Mehrauli RoadNew Delhi - 110 016Tel. 2656 7373 Email [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2651 9530 Web http://nrdms.gov.in
Publishing services provided by TERI PressThe Energy and Resources Institute Tel. 2468 2100 or 4150 4900Darbari Seth Block Fax 2468 2144 or 2468 2145IHC Complex India +91 Delhi (0) 11Lodhi Road E-mail [email protected] Delhi 110 003/India Web www.teriin.org
Photographs on cover (clockwise from left to right): landscape of Megadwatershed; hyacinth macaws; and amaranth crop
Printed in India by Batra Art Press, New Delhi
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C O N T E N T S
Foreword ......... v
Preface ......... vii
Contr ibutors ......... ix
Bionotes ......... xi
S E C T I O N 1 An introduction to bio-geo data standards ......... 1
Nisha Mendiratta
S E C T I O N 2 Land use and land cover codes ......... 11
T S Kachhwaha, S P S Kushwaha,
R K Sood, R Thapa
S E C T I O N 3 Soil resource codification ......... 27
C S Walia and T S Kachhwaha
S E C T I O N 4 Biological codes ......... 113
K S Rao, J C Rana, R M Shar ma,Archana Singh
Annexure 1 ......... 165
List of insti tutions and subject exper ts
Annexure 2 ......... 171
Examples of integ ration of data for the Moolbar i watershed
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F O R E W O R D
The sustainable development of a nation is closely relatedto careful and balanced utilization of naturalresources. The Himalayan ecosystem, though fragile, hasbeen a valuable asset for India in this context. The Department of
Science and Technology, through the Natural Resources Data
Management System (NRDMS), has prepared a Bio-geo Database
and Ecological Modelling for Himalayas.
Research teams drawn from as many as eleven agencies and
institutions have participated in the development of this valuable
database. It is a collective effort catalysed by the Department of
Science and Technology. This effort strives to provide a codification
scheme based on nationally accepted standards. I do hope that
this effort would be further fortified in the course of time.
I congratulate all people involved and concerned.
(T Ramasami)
Secretary, Department of Science and Technology,
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India
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P R E F A C E
India, which became a signatory to the Global BiodiversityInformation Facility as an associate member in 2001,is taking great str ides in collating, compiling, anddocumenting data on land use, soil, and biological standards.
The data is being made available to the general public. While
most efforts are focused on making the information accessible
through developing meta-data standards, very few have
attempted to develop a database based on the users perspective
and use it in local-level planning. Though efforts had been made
to reach a consensus by involving all stakeholders in the
initiatives that took place three years ago, some of the users
may not agree with these standards. As the evolution of
standards is a continuous process, we await their comments
for their improvement. Obviously, due to the fact that most
databases addressed the issues at macro level and micro level,
the databases are not available.
The present efforts by the NRDMS (Natural Resources Data
Management System) Division of the DST (Department of
Science and Technology) in developing a coordinated
programme on Bio-geo Database and Ecological Modelling for
the Himalayas address the issues of micro-level database
development and the use of such database for local development
planning. The programme specifically addresses the issue of
codification of data elements for such a database, which could
become the starting point for national/international standards.
While some codifications exist at land use and land cover level,
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none exist in the domains of soil and biological elements. This
document presents the efforts of the programme in developing the
codes and a first version of the codes for public use.
Any such effort needs the sustained support of programmes and
participants. Through this unique coordinated sub-programme, we have
taken the next step forward to develop the codification standards for
bio-geo databases. We would like to thank all the participating institutes
and the consultative team for their feedback and comments. Also,
special thanks are due to the project investigators of the Bio-geo
Database Programme, who have contributed in giving shape to this
manuscript.
We hope this attempt will ignite the scientific spirit among all
stakeholders to look at the present effort and strengthen it or develop
alternative viable approaches to codification, to enable the country to
stand as a leader in the field.
Nisha MendirattaR Siva Kumar
K S Rao
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Preface
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C O N T R I B U T O R S
Ms Nisha MendirattaScientist E/Additional DirectorNatural Resources Data Management System DivisionDepartment of Science and TechnologyNew Delhi
Dr R K SoodDirector and Jt Member SecretaryHimachal State Council of Science and Technology, Simla
Dr T S KachhwahaScientist G and HeadForest Resources and Ecology DivisionUP Remote Sensing Applications CentreDepartment of Space, Lucknow
Dr S P S Kushwaha/ProfessorScientist G and HeadForestry and Ecology DivisionIndian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehra Dun
Dr K S RaoReaderCentre for Interdisciplinary Studies ofMountain and Hill EnvironmentAcademic Research CentreUniversity of Delhi, Delhi
Dr C S WaliaPr ScientistNational Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use PlanningNew Delhi
Mr R ThapaScientistHimachal Pradesh Remote Sensing Application Centre, Simla
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Dr J C RanaScientistNational Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesRegional StationPhagli, Simla
Dr R M SharmaScientist, Zoological Survey of IndiaVijaynagarJabalpur 482 002
Dr Archana SinghResearch AssociateNational Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesRegional StationPhagli, Simla
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Contributors
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B I O N O T E S
Nisha Mendiratta
Nisha Mendiratta is presently working as Scientist E/AdditionalDirector in the DST (Department of Science and Technology). Shegraduated in physics from Delhi University in 1987 and did herpostgraduation in agricultural physics from the IARI (Indian AgriculturalResearch Institute), New Delhi, in 1989, followed by a postgraduatediploma course in Satellite Remote Sensing and GIS at the IndianInstitute of Remote Sensing, Department of Space, Dehra Dun.
She started her professional career in 1990 as Scientist B at the NRSA(National Remote Sensing Agency), Hyderabad, of the Department ofSpace. She carried out core research in the field of microwave remotesensing applications for soil moisture estimation. She then joined theIIRS (Indian Institute of Remote Sensing), Dehra Dun, as a faculty in1991 and carried out intensive research in crop characterization usingsatellite data. She joined the NCMRWF (National Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasting) Programme of the DST as Senior ScientificOfficer in 1992 and worked for range weather forecasting and cropweather modelling. In 1998, she joined the NRDMS (Natural ResourcesData Management System) Division of the DST as Scientist and hasbeen working in the specialized domain of natural resourcesmanagement.
She is the recipient of the meritorious PG fellowships at the IARI. Shehas several research papers/articles to her credit, which have been eitherpublished or presented at various national and international fora.
R Siva Kumar
Brigadier R Siva Kumar obtained his PhD from the Indian Institute ofTechnology, Delhi. He served in army headquarters as Director, MilitarySurvey, and has been involved in framing and implementation of policies.At present he is head of the NRDMS and CEO, NSDI (National SpatialData Infrastructure) of the DST, spearheading the NSDI movement.He has travelled abroad widely and has studied various national mappingorganizations and spatial data infrastructure in developed countries.He has served as a member of many expert groups and is currently theMember Secretary of National Spatial Data Committee.
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Brigadier Siva Kumar has been the recipient of a number of honoursand awards. He was awarded the Dolezal Prize of the International Societyfor Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing in the Congress at Held, Vienna,in 1996. He was awarded the Tat Scholarships for Study Abroad and theNetherlands Government Fellowship. Papers presented by him have wonprizes from the National Research and Development Corporation.
K S Rao
Dr Kottapalli Sreenivasa Rao is presently Reader (Associate Professor)at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Mountain and HillEnvironment, University of Delhi. After completing his PhD in 1987 heworked briefly (1987/88) as Mulberry agronomist at the CentralSericulture Research and Training Institute, Berhampur (West Bengal).He joined the G B Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment andDevelopment, an autonomous Institute of the Ministry of Environmentand Forests, Government of India, in 1989 and served the institute invarious capacities till 2003. During his tenure at this institute, Dr Raoled an interdisciplinary team of scientists on various aspects of sustainabledevelopment of fragile mountain ecosystems. Dr Rao has travelledextensively in the Himalayas and collaborated with several internationalscientists on various aspects of mountain development.
Dr Rao is currently involved in academic work related to bio-geo databaseand ecological modelling in the Himalayas and biodiversity assessmentin critical ecosystems in hill and mountain regions. He has so far published16 books and more than 150 research publications in both national andinternational scientific journals. He is a member of various academicscientific societies such as the National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad,and Fellow of the National Institute of Ecology. He was awarded VishishtVaigyanik Puraskar in 2005 by the Ministry of Environment and Forests,Government of India, for his extensive work on the Nanda Devi BiosphereReserve.
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Bionotes
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SE C T I O N 1
A N I N T R O D U C T I O NT O B I O - G E O D A T AS T A N D A R D S
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Background
The NRDMS (Natural Resources Data Management System), a scienceand technology programme of the Government of India, was launchedby the DST (Department of Science and Technology) to catalyse the evolution
of methodologies and techniques for formulating development strategies in a
scenario of large diversity of data sets, data users and data generating agencies.
This programme aims at developing and demonstrating the use of spatial
decision support tools for integrated planning and management of resources
at the local level and caters to the following aspects.
Develop district-level resource profiles on natural resources and other
allied sectors based on the concepts of GIS (geographic information
system).
Provide software support for data management, modelling, and operation
research.
Demonstrate the use of resource profiles and GIS methodology in micro-
level planning.
Promote R&D (research and development) in spatial data management
technology.
Train scientists and potential users.
Forge linkages with the users at different levels.
Carry out documentation and dissemination of the NRDMS methodology.
AN INTRODUCTION TO BIO-GEO
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4Standards for bio-geo database
Under the NRDMS, databases are the backbone to pursue and implement
various R&D activities. These databases perform the following functions.
Make data available to scientists Published data may be difficult to
find or access, and collecting it from the literature is very time consuming.
Moreover, not all data is actually published in an article. As much as
possible, a particular type of information should be available in one single
place (book, site, database).
Make data available in computer-readable form Since the analysis
of data involves computers, data in computer-readable form (rather than
printed on paper) is necessary.
The computer became the storage medium of choice as soon as it was
accessible to ordinary scientists. Databases were distributed on tape, and later,
on various kinds of disks. When universities and academic institutes were
connected to the Internet or its precursors (national computer networks), it
is easy to understand why the Internet became the medium of choice. Further,
it is even easier to see why the World Wide Web (WWW, based on the Internet
protocol HTTP) has been the standard method of communication and access
for nearly all databases since the beginning of the 1990s.
Need for updation of available standards
The NRDMS Division has set up database centres in selected districts of the
country for the development of databases and preparation of computer-based
spatial resource profiles useful in formulation of district-level developmental
programmes and schemes. State governments like those of Andhra Pradesh,
Haryana, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal have been involved in
setting up database centres in their respective states. Several R&D projects
have also been carried out in areas like watershed management, groundwater
budgeting, biomass utilization, drought assessment, and landslide control to
demonstrate the utility of the NRDMS approach in micro-level planning.
Special emphasis is laid on the training of potential users of this emerging
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5An introduction to bio-geo data standards
technology. Accordingly, specialized training modules have been developed
for the training of senior district-level officials and representatives of user
departments.
Multi-institutional stakeholders tend to collect the information and compile them
in their own domain specifications, which makes it difficult to understand for
other users. To ease the interoperability and free data flow across the common
database users, a uniform terminology and organization of data are required. To
achieve this codification of data elements, the National (Natural) Resources
Management System of Department of Space had issued NRIS (National
Resources Information System) standards in February 2000.
International efforts
It is of prime importance to include accurate geographical coordinates and altitude
specifications (geo-references) of observed or collected biological species, as this
allows biological information to be linked with other geophysical information.
Realizing this, several international programmes have attempted to link the
biological data sets to geographical locations. However, very few have actually
tried to use them for any scientific analysis or for developmental planning. The
attempts towards scientific analysis have mainly addressed the issues of such
electronic biological archives providing novel avenues towards testing evolutionary
and ecological theories across the worlds mountain ranges. Such studies use the
separation of global from regional environmental conditions along elevational
transects. It, thus, provides new perspectives for the comprehension of adaptation
in mountain biota. Similarly, information on rock chemistry and mountain
topography offers test conditions for edaphic drivers of biodiversity and species
radiation and in an evolutionary context across a suit of geographical scales.
The GMBA (Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment), a cross-cutting network
of DIVERSITAS (a UN programme on biodiversity management), is one such
programme, which aims to encourage and synthesize research on high-elevation
organismic diversity, its regional and global patterns, and its causes and functions.
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6Standards for bio-geo database
It is considered that existing and emerging databases are promising tools for
achieving such goals. The programme has seen that many research projects
generate data sets that are relevant for the scientific community, governmental
natural resource managers, policy-makers, and the public.
The GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) has a mission to make the
worlds primary data on biodiversity freely and universally available via the
Internet. In cooperation with the GBIF, the GMBA encourages a global effort to
mine geo-referenced archive databases on mountain organisms, build new
biodiversity databases, and link them with geophysical databases. When building
or analysing database information, it is essential to include geographical
coordinates and altitude specifications (geo-reference) for observed or collected
biological species, as this makes it possible to link biological and geophysical
information, particularly climate data.
The EUROMONT initiative is another of the many scientific projects that collect
and use large geo-referenced mountain biodiversity data sets to answer specific
questions in ecology, biogeography, and conservation biology. The GLORIA
(Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments) project on
monitoring the effects of global change on alpine plants, and MIREN (Mountain
Invasion Research Network), a network on invasive species in mountains, are
other examples. A thorough testing of biodiversity theories with comprehensive
data at the global scale, as obtained through EUROMONT, GLORIA or MIREN
would constitute a significant step in our understanding of mountain diversity
patterns. Many data sets are associated with short-term projects, and are thus
threatened by destruction at the end of the project. The new GMBA initiative for
a GIS mountain biodiversity database specifically aims to collect such sets in
order to prevent their destruction and initiate a first global assessment of the
primary causes of mountain biodiversity patterns. It is pertinent to note that the
Encyclopedia of Life1 is an umbrella initiative, which now encompasses all the global
efforts to integrate knowledge about the biological wealth on this planet.
1 http://eol.org
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7An introduction to bio-geo data standards
Initiatives of the DST
It has been felt that the nationally accepted standards with respect to the flora
and fauna are not available and in persuasion of the same, the research team
working under the NRDMSDSTs coordinated programme on Bio-geo
Database and Ecological Modelling has attempted to prepare the standards
(Version 1). The vertical upscaling of the existing codes from
1: 50 000 to 1: 12 500 for land use and soil, along with the addition of biological
codes for flora and fauna, has been attempted. This exercise has been pilot tested
using actual field data (1: 12 500 scale) collected by the research groups working
for the identified micro-watersheds Megad, Moolbari, and Mandhala
representing higher, middle, and lower altitudinal zones of the Himalayan
transects.
Development of the current initiative
An Expert Group was constituted by the DST to oversee the coordinated
programme of Bio-geo Database. Several versions of this document had been
prepared, discussed, and then revised based on suggestions of the group. The
following salient points emerged during some of the meetings.
During the meeting on 24 March 2003 at IIRS (Indian Institute of Remote
Sensing), Dehra Dun, it was agreed to add new levels to existing codes.
How the biological elements should be sampled was also discussed at this
meeting.
In the meeting held on 4 September 2003 at DST, representatives of the FSI
(Forest Survey of India) suggested that FSI codifications be taken as the starting
point for biological data codification. However, when the review committee
looked at the outputs during the meeting on 29 October 2003, it was felt that
the system was inadequate to address the concerns and it was recommended
to develop a new system after consulting the existing international system in
consultation with the BSI (Botanical Survey of India), ZSI (Zoological Survey
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8Standards for bio-geo database
of India) and FSI. This document was circulated to all the national institutions
dealing with biological resources (Annexure 1).
The working research team submitted a draft version of biological standards
for consideration by the Expert Group members during the meeting held
on 16 January 2005, at IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) Roorkee.
During the Expert Group meeting during 1921 April 2005 at IIT Delhi,
based on the feedback from the SoI (Survey of India) and DoS (Department
of Space) officials, this document was in principle approved for further
development.
A draft version of standards for land use, soil, and flora and fauna was
presented during the meeting held during 910 November 2005 at the
JNU (Jawaharlal Nehru University), New Delhi, and the same was sent for
comments to all stakeholders in the country.
The modified draft version of this document was presented during the
NSDI (National Spatial Data Infrastructure) Workshop and also circulated
during the Task Force meeting held during 1819 December 2005 and
31 January 2006 at Hyderabad and New Delhi, respectively.
Technical contents were also circulated to the Department of Space,
National Bureau of Soil Science and Land Use Planning, National
Botanical Research Institute, ZSI, BSI, FSI, Watershed Management
Directorate, and the Department of Biotechnology.
Based on the inputs received, the document was further revised
during the meetings held during 2025 February 2006 at Almora, and
during 1314 November 2006 at JNU, New Delhi, and 1415 June 2007
at Kumaon University, Nainital.
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Scope of work
The present effort is to provide a codification scheme using accession codes
based on existing nationally accepted data standards and upscaling them to the
international data standards. These are proposed to be dovetailed within the
NSDI framework. The SDI (spatial data infrastructure) is defined as a collection
of technologies, standards, policies, and human resources needed to acquire,
process, maintain, distribute, and improve utilization of spatial data for the
benefit of the economy and society. In India, like elsewhere, the SDI is being
developed at different levels of the hierarchy to provide the required data/
information for corresponding levels of decision-making. Of all the aspects in
the SDI, database standards are highly talked about and several protocols exist.
However, no efforts are made to define standard codes in terms of critical
information that is required by decision-makers. The present document attempts
to define a set of standard codes in the area of land use, soil, and biological
elements that are part of data elements. Examples of integration of codes for
the Moolbari watershed are given (See Annexure 2).
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SE C T I O N 2
LAND USE AND LANDCOVER CODES
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Introduction
Despite the high demand for information on environment and natural resources,
many existing maps and digital databases are not specifically developed to meet
the various user requirements. One of the main reasons for this gap, though
generally underestimated, is the type of classification or legend used to describe
basic information such as land cover and land use. Many of the existing
classifications are generally not comparable with one another and are very often
single-project-oriented or take a sectoral approach. Though many classification
systems exist throughout the world, there is no single internationally accepted
land cover or land use classification system.
The implementation of land-use planning and land management requires
cooperation among experts from the disciplines involved and integration of the
respective results in order to identify and evaluate all biophysical, socio-economic
and legal attributes of the land.
Any codification scheme based on accession codes aims to contribute to the
development of a common technical language in land resources planning and
management. This helps in developing terms, so that methods and concepts used
by the different sectors involved are understood by all partners in an identical
way, independent from their backgrounds and professional experiences.
Classification system for land use/land cover
Land use/land cover thematic maps should be prepared adopting the
classification system given in Table 1. For explanations on land use/land cover
category, the following documents may also be referred to.
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Manual of Nationwide Land Use/Land Cover Mapping using Satellite Imagery
Part I and II (NRSA [National Remote Sensing Agency] 1989)
Manual of Procedure for Wasteland Mapping (NRSA 1986)
NRIS Node Design and Standard (NNRMS [National Natural Resources
Management], ISRO [Indian Space Research Organization] 2000).
It may be noted that under the category of forest, at level III, forest density such as
(i) dense and (ii) open has to be indicated. In the density class, dense means 40%
or more of the ground is covered by tree canopy, whereas open means more than
10% and less than 40% of the ground is covered with the tree canopy. Up to 10%
of canopy cover is regarded as degraded/underutilized forest. Scrubs are also to be
categorized into open and dense, based on crown density of up to 40% and more
than 40%, respectively. The name of the species in case of monoculture and the
name of the dominant species in case of mixed forest should be given at level 4/
level 5 classification of the forested area. The system of classification for notified
and non-notified (revenue and others) forests would remain the same. However,
the area estimates for non-notified forests are to be shown separately in the report.
Also, the forest encroachments for agricultural or other purposes should be shown
as per the actual land use, and the area under such categories is to be recorded
under area statistics for
the notified forestland.
Forest boundaries
should be taken from
the forest department.
Survey of India maps
may also be consulted
before finalizing forest
boundaries.
Similarly, in respect
of agricultural land,Cultivated and vegetated area in Piedmont of Mandhala watershed
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Land use and land cover codes
boundaries of the
command area as
obtained from the
respective command
area development
authorities should
be depicted in the
map indicating the
geographical extent of
the command area.
Agricultural crops
include crops during kharif (summer season cropping), rabi (winter season
cropping) and zaid (both irrigated + unirrigated). The area under double crop
includes crops cultivated during kharif as well as rabi seasons. Fallow is the
vacant land that is without crop during kharif, rabi as well as zaid seasons.
Current fallow is the vacant land without crop in the year of study only due to
some temporary constraints, whereas permanent fallow is the agricultural land
where no crop has been grown for a very long period of time.
Data requirements
For preparing the land use/land cover thematic maps, Resourcesat-1 LISS-IV
(multispectral) or IKONOS colour images pertaining to three periods kharif,
rabi, and summer seasons (preferably of the same agricultural year) are to be
used. However, digital data can be used if digital classification is employed.
Besides, other collateral data in the form of maps, charts, census records, reports,
and especially large-scale topographical maps should be used.
Methodology
The land use/land cover thematic maps have to be prepared adopting either
visual or digital interpretation techniques in conjunction with collateral data
such as topographical maps and census records. If digital method is followed,
Terrace cultivation in Megad watershed
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the digital output is to be converted into a vector map of correspondence with
other theme maps. The total number of classes would vary from area to area.
The imagery has to be interpreted and ground checked for corrections. After
field checking, the thematic map can be finalized.
The thematic maps should be checked for quality before the same are finalized.
This is essential to maintain high standards of map accuracy. The quality
assurance checks would be carried out three times.
1 Per-field interpretation stage
2 Field verification before finalizing the contents of map
3 After digitization of final map themes, field verification should be undertaken
in all categories of mapping units occurring in the map sheet.
The final output will have attribute codes as shown in Table 1.
Moolbari watershed: a view of the diminishing forest cover due to agriculture
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Final output
The final output would be thematic maps of land use/land cover and forest
area in digital form. Hard copies of the maps could be taken out as part of the
atlas by assigning different colours and hatching patterns. Yellow, green, and
brown colour should be used for depicting different categories of agriculture,
forest, and wasteland, respectively (See Map 1 in Annexure 2).
01-00-00-00-00 Built-up
01-01-00-00-00 Towns/cities (Urban area)
01-01-01-00-00 Residential
01-01-01-01-00 Colonies
01-01-01-01-01 Single-storey
01-01-01-01-02 Multi-storey
01-01-01-02-00 Non-colonies
01-01-01-02-01 Single-storey
01-01-01-02-02 Multi-storey
01-01-02-00-00 Industrial
01-01-02-01-00 Salt pans
01-01-03-00-00 Commercial
01-01-03-01-00 Bus stands
01-01-03-02-00 Rly yards
01-01-03-03-00 Airport
01-01-03-07-00 Market/mandi*
01-01-04-00-00 Recreational
01-01-04-01-00 Parks/gardens
01-01-04-02-00 Playground
01-01-04-03-00 Stadium
01-01-05-00-00 Public and semi-public amenities
01-01-05-01-00 Educational institutions
LAND USE/L AND C OVER CL ASSIFIC ATION SYS TEM AND
TABLE 1 ATTRIBUTE CODE (LUSE.LUT)
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
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LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
01-01-05-02-00 Cantonments
01-01-05-03-00 Govt. institution*
01-01-05-04-00 Health centre*
01-01-05-05-00 Communication
Institution*
01-01-06-00-00 Mixed built-up land
01-01-07-00-00 Open spaces/vacant land
01-01-08-00-00 Others
01-01-08-01-00 Reclaimed
01-01-08-02-00 Slum areas
01-02-00-00-00 Villages (rural area)
01-02-01-00-00 Habitations/hamlets
02-00-00-00-00 Agriculture
02-01-00-00-00 Crop land
02-01-01-00-00 Kharif
02-01-02-00-00 Rabi
02-01-03-00-00 Kharif+rabi (double cropped)
02-01-04-00-00 Zaid crop (summer)
02-01-05-00-00 Rabi + zaid (double cropped)
02-01-06-00-00 Kharif+zaid (double cropped)
02-01-07-00-00 Kharif+rabi+zaid (triple cropped)
02-02-00-00-00 Fallow
02-02-01-00-00 Current fallow
02-02-02-00-00 Permanent fallow
02-03-00-00-00 Plantations
02-03-01-00-00 Tea
02-03-03-00-00 Rubber
02-03-06-00-00 Citrus
02-03-07-00-00 Apple
02-03-08-00-00 Almond
02-03-09-00-00 Apricot
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LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
02-03-10-00-00 Jamun
02-03-11-00-00 Mango
02-03-12-00-00 Papaya
02-03-13-00-00 Pear
02-03-14-00-00 Walnut
02-03-15-00-00 Pomegranate
02-03-16-00-00 Litchi
02-03-17-00-00 Guava
02-03-18-00-00 Banana
02-03-19-00-00 Anjeer
02-03-20-00-00 Ber
02-03-21-00-00 Chiku
02-03-22-00-00 Cherry
02-03-23-00-00 Strawberry
02-03-24-00-00 Peach
02-03-25-00-00 Mixed
03-00-00-00-00 Forest
03-01-00-00-00 Evergreen/semi-evergreen
03-01-01-00-00 Dense/closed
03-01-01-01-00 >70%
03-01-01-01-01 Chir pine
03-01-01-01-02 Silver oak
03-01-01-01-03 Deodar
03-01-01-01-04 Bargad
03-01-01-01-05 Bhimal, beul
03-01-01-01-06 Kail
03-01-01-01-07 Bhojpatra
03-01-01-01-08 Peepal
03-01-01-01-09 Eucalyptus
03-01-01-01-10 Ashok
03-01-01-01-11 Asan
03-01-01-01-12 Jamun
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
-
20
Standards for bio-geo database
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
03-01-01-01-13 Gurjan
03-01-01-01-14 Dhamni
03-01-01-01-15 Mixed sp.
03-01-01-02-00 40%70%
03-01-01-02-01 Chir pine
03-01-01-02-02 Silver oak
03-01-01-02-03 Deodar
03-01-01-02-04 Bargad
03-01-01-02-05 Bhimal, beul
03-01-01-02-06 Kail
03-01-01-02-07 Bhojpatra
03-01-01-02-08 Peepal
03-01-01-02-09 Eucalyptus
03-01-01-02-10 Ashok
03-01-01-02-11 Asan
03-01-01-02-12 Jamun
03-01-01-02-13 Gurjan
03-01-01-02-14 Dhamni
03-01-01-02-15 Mixed sp.
03-01-02-00-00 Open
03-01-02-01-00 10%40%
03-01-02-01-01 Chir pine
03-01-02-01-02 Silver oak
03-01-02-01-03 Deodar
03-01-02-01-04 Bargad
03-01-02-01-05 Bhimal, beul
03-01-02-01-06 Kail
03-01-02-01-07 Bhojpatra
03-01-02-01-08 Peepal
03-01-02-01-09 Eucalyptus
03-01-02-01-10 Ashok
03-01-02-01-11 Asan
-
21
Land use and land cover codes
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
03-01-02-01-12 Jamun
03-01-02-01-13 Gurjan
03-01-02-01-14 Dhamni
03-01-02-01-15 Mixed sp.
03-01-02-02-00 70%
03-02-01-01-01 Sal
03-02-01-01-02 Teak
03-02-01-01-03 Shisham
03-02-01-01-04 Babul, kikar
03-02-01-01-05 Bhillar
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
-
22
Standards for bio-geo database
03-02-01-01-06 Toon
03-02-01-01-07 Karanj
03-02-01-01-08 Poplar
03-02-01-01-10 Kachnar
03-02-01-01-09 Jhingan
03-02-01-01-11 Khair
03-02-01-01-12 Siris
03-02-01-01-13 Mulberry
03-02-01-01-14 Neem
03-02-01-01-15 Semul
03-02-01-01-16 Kadam
03-02-01-01-17 Willow
03-02-01-01-18 Oak
03-02-01-01-19 Bamboo
03-02-01-01-20 Mixed sp.
03-02-01-02-00 40%70%
03-02-01-02-01 Sal
03-02-01-02-02 Teak
03-02-01-02-03 Shisham
03-02-01-02-04 Babul, kikar
03-02-01-02-05 Bhillar
03-02-01-02-06 Toon
03-02-01-02-07 Karanj
03-02-01-02-08 Poplar
03-02-01-02-10 Kachnar
03-02-01-02-09 Jhingan
03-02-01-02-11 Khair
03-02-01-02-12 Siris
03-02-01-02-13 Mulberry
03-02-01-02-14 Neem
03-02-01-02-15 Semul
03-02-01-02-16 Kadam
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
-
23
Land use and land cover codes
03-02-01-02-17 Willow
03-02-01-02-18 Oak
03-02-01-02-19 Bamboo
03-02-01-02-20 Mixed Sp.
03-02-02-00-00 Open
03-02-02-01-00 10%40%
03-02-02-01-01 Sal
03-02-02-01-02 Teak
03-02-02-01-03 Shisham
03-02-02-01-04 Babul, kikar
03-02-02-01-05 Bhillar
03-02-02-01-06 Toon
03-02-02-01-07 Karanj
03-02-02-01-08 Poplar
03-02-02-01-10 Kachnar
03-02-02-01-09 Jhingan
03-02-02-01-11 Khair
03-02-02-01-12 Siris
03-02-02-01-13 Mulberry
03-02-02-01-14 Neem
03-02-02-01-15 Semul
03-02-02-01-16 Kadam
03-02-02-01-17 Willow
03-02-02-01-18 Oak
03-02-02-01-19 Bamboo
03-02-02-01-20 Mixed sp.
03-02-02-02-00
-
24
Standards for bio-geo database
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
03-02-02-02-06 Toon
03-02-02-02-07 Karanj
03-02-02-02-08 Poplar
03-02-02-02-10 Kachnar
03-02-02-02-09 Jhingan
03-02-02-02-11 Khair
03-02-02-02-12 Siris
03-02-02-02-13 Mulberry
03-02-02-02-14 Neem
03-02-02-02-15 Semul
03-02-02-02-16 Kadam
03-02-02-02-17 Willow
03-02-02-02-18 Oak
03-02-02-02-19 Bamboo
03-02-02-02-20 Mixed sp.
03-02-03-00-00 Scrub forest
03-02-03-01-00 Dense
03-02-03-02-00 Open
03-02-04-00-00 Forest blank
03-03-00-00-00 Forest plantations
03-05-00-00-00 Shifting cultivation
03-05-01-00-00 Old shifting cultivation
03-05-02-00-00 Abandoned shifting cultivation
03-05-03-00-00 Current shifting cultivation
03-06-00-00-00 Crop land in forest/forest encroachments
04-00-00-00-00 Wastelands
04-01-00-00-00 Salt-affected land
04-02-00-00-00 Gullied/ravinous land
04-02-00-01-00 Sheet
04-02-00-02-00 Rills
04-03-00-00-00 Land with scrub
04-03-00-01-00 Dense
-
25
Land use and land cover codes
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
04-03-00-02-00 Open
04-04-00-00-00 Land without scrub
04-05-00-00-00 Sandy land
04-06-00-00-00 Mining/industrial waste
04-06-00-01-00 Mining waste
04-06-00-02-00 Industrial waste
04-07-00-00-00 Barren rocky/stony waste/sheet rock
04-07-00-01-00 Barren rocky
04-07-00-02-00 Stony waste
04-07-00-03-00 Sheet rock
04-08-00-00-00 Cold desert land
05-00-00-00-00 Water bodies
05-01-00-00-00 River
05-01-01-00-00 Water channel area
05-01-02-00-00 Sandy area
05-01-04-00-00 River island
05-01-05-00-00 River bed cultivation
05-01-06-00-00 Flood plain
05-02-00-00-00 Canal/diversion channel
05-02-00-01-00 Major
05-02-00-02-00 Minor
05-03-00-00-00 Lakes
05-04-00-00-00 Reservoirs/dams
05-04-00-01-00 Hydroelectric
05-04-00-02-00 Irrigation
05-05-00-00-00 Tanks/village ponds
05-06-00-00-00 Cooling pond/cooling reservoir
05-07-00-00-00 Abandoned quarries with water
06-00-00-00-00 Wetlands
06-01-00-00-00 Inland wetlands
06-01-01-00-00 Waterlogged
06-01-02-00-00 Marshy/swampy
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26
Standards for bio-geo database
LU-CODE Descr-L1 Descr-L2 Descr-L3 Descr-L4/L5
1:1M 1:25 000 1:50 000 1:25 000/12 500
06-01-03-00-00 Ox-bow lakes
07-00-00-00-00 Grassland/grazing land
07-01-00-00-00 Dense
07-02-00-00-00 Degraded
08-00-00-00-00 Snow covered
08-01-00-00-00 Perennial
08-02-00-00-00 Glacial area
08-02-00-01-00 Glacier
08-02-00-02-00 Glaciated lakes
08-02-00-03-00 Moraines
08-02-00-03-01 Terminal
08-02-00-03-02 Lateral
08-02-00-03-03 Medial
LU land use; Descr description; L level; 1:1 M 1:1 million
The level 4 and level 5 details in Table 1 are suggestive, based on the Himalayan
region case studies and could be updated by adding the details available in
other regions for complete code standards for the country.
Field name Field type Key field Remarks
LU-code 10,10,C Y Feature code
Descr-L1 30,30,C N Level I classes
Descr-L2 30,30,C N Level II classes
Descr-L3 30,30,C N Level III classes
Descr-L4 30,30,C N Level IV classes
Descr-L5 30,30,C N Level V classes
LU land use; Descr description
TABLE 2 STRUCTURE OF LUSE.LUT
* Based on field information
Note Hyphen sign (-) has been used in the feature codes in all the look-up tables as separator between the
subclasses. This separator sign is used only to improve readability. This sign is not to be entered in the
database tables.
-
SE C T I O N 3
S O I L R E S O U R C EC O D I F I C AT I O N
-
SOIL RESOURCE CODIFICATION
Introduction
Soil is recognized as one of the most valuable life-supporting natural resources;
on its proper use depends the social and economic development of a country.
As an important component of the geosphere and biosphere systems, soils
directly provide food, fuel, fibre and fodder for a variety of basic human and
livestock needs. It is the most valuable resource because it takes several
hundreds of years to develop a centimetre of soil layer.
Soils vary widely in space and time and in their capacity to provide crops,
forestry, and grasses, as no two soils are equally suitable for a land utilization
type. There is evidence that our soils are undergoing degradation at an
unacceptable rate with the risk of jeopardizing the food security of our future
generations. The process of soil degradation is triggered by excessive pressure
on land to meet the demands of a rapidly growing population for food, fibre,
and fuel. It is therefore, important that we use this basic resource as per its
capability to ensure sustained use for food and other needs.
In order to make optimum use of our limited resources, we must have an in-
depth knowledge about different soils, their characteristics, behaviour, kind
and degree of problem, and their extent and distribution on the landscape.
This is achieved through soil survey and mapping. The scale of mapping,
however, depends upon the purpose and the kind of terrain.
Soil surveys have been conducted by several organizations, even non-
governmental organizations, using different base maps of various states to
prepare an inventory of the soil resources, so that we can develop a rational
land-use plan. However, the soil resource data generated by different sources
did not maintain uniform standards, and therefore, could not be correlated,
SE
CT
IO
N
3S
EC
TI
ON
3
SE
CT
IO
N
3S
EC
TI
ON
3
C S Walia and T S Kachhwaha
-
30
Standards for bio-geo database
collated, and exchanged. As such, there is need to harmonize data coming
from different sources and represent data in a clear and unambiguous manner
understandable by all. This is achieved by arriving at a set of standards that
are universal and which can be referred to by all data managers and resource
specialists. The NRIS (National Resource Information System) has recognized
the value of standards and embarked upon the development and establishment
of a set of standards (NNRMS 2000). Accordingly, some standards have been
worked out for soil resource database by the NBSS&LUP (National Bureau
of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning), which is a nodal agency in this field.
Soils in India are classified according to the United States Department of
Agriculture Soil Taxonomy (USDA 1975). In this category, there are seven
categories. From the highest to the lowest category, these are Order, Suborder,
Greatgroup, Subgroup, Family, Series, and phases of series. One can derive
more and more information as one proceeds from order to soil series and
their phases. Soil taxonomy is a system for classifying soils and is designed for
improving communication amongst soil scientists working in different places
and amongst other uses of soils. It also serves as a correlation tool for soil
surveys. As such, it cannot be used in isolation.
Thus, the purpose of soil taxonomy is to delineate soil classes at various
levels of generalization,
permitting us to
understand as truly as
existing knowledge
permits, the relationship
amongst various soils and
the factors responsible
for their attributes. The
system is designed for
making and interpreting
soil surveys, and as such,
it is well suited forMandhala watershed: cultivation in coarse-loamy mixedhyperthermic Dystric Eutrudepts in piedmont
-
31
Soil resource codification
general evaluations of the
agricultural potential of the land
or map unit. The specificity of the
evaluation made is related to the
categoric level at which the soil is
classified. Soil taxonomy plays an
important role in the soil survey
programme. It forms the basis
of soil correlation and for
separating and defining mapping
units in the soil resource mapping programme. Soils are mapped at
subgroup association at 1:1 million scale, associations of soil families at state
level (1:250 000) and association of soil series at district level (1:50 000).
Mono-series with its phases are the mapping unit of large-scale (1:12 500) maps
for micro-watersheds. So, a hierarchical approach is adopted in soil taxonomy,
and as we move from the highest to the lowest category, increasing number of
properties are incorporated. It is, therefore, essential that categoric level must be
matched with cartographic accuracyonly then it is possible to make useful
interpretations of soil data. It is obvious, therefore, that the Greatgroup category
cannot be used for detailed soil survey. Hence, the coding scheme for soil layer
has been started from soil order level to soil series and its phases. The coding
structure (as explained in Appendix 1) of soil database was based upon Keys to
Soil Taxonomy (1994), currently being followed by INARIS (Integrated National
Agricultural Resource Information System) and NRIS. But the codification of
soil database up to Subgroup level has been revised adopting Keys to Soil Taxonomy
(1998) as a base so that each soil can find its current taxonomical identification
for data integration and to maintain effective linkages with other national and
international organizations. Soil codes pertaining to phases of soil series have
also been proposed to store the soil database for larger-scale maps.
NBSS&LUP in 2001 started a mission mode project INARIS Soil
Resource Data under the NATP (National Agricultural Technology Project)
Megad watershed: cultivation in coarse-loamy,mixed, frigid, Typic Cryofluvents
-
32
Standards for bio-geo database
of the Indian Council of
Agricultural Research with the
objective to create a national-level
soil resources database
management, which focused on
the following.
Developing a systematic soil
information system and
practise shar ing of
information on soil resources
Acting as data bureau for development agencies, planners, and
administration
Developing data sharing/exchange facilities through a dedicated website
Under the project, a spatial database has been created by digitizing
the soil map of different states at 1:1 million scale, with soil boundaries showing
the association of soil families. The project has been initiated with
the identification and coding of fields. The fields for soil resources and
associated information have been identified and grouped under state information,
state, polygon, soil site, and physical and chemical characteristics. Codification
of spatial elements was done as per NRIS but non-spatial elements were also
coded to develop thematic maps and to develop querries at different themes and
for terrain analysis. Certain data gaps were identified and have to be filled up
through progressive soil survey. The project ended with the creation of a spatial
database, development of querry file, data mining, and user feedback. The DST
(Department of Science and Technology) has taken a major initiative to create a
bio-geo database for some sample watersheds in Himachal Pradesh and
Uttarakhand. The soil database will be generated at 1:12 500 scale using remote
sensing data showing phases of soil series on the map. The soil map is to
be digitized and soil will be codified as per the codes listed in Appendix 1.
Moolbari watershed: terrace cultivation in Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic, Dystric Eutrudepts
-
33
Soil resource codification
Non-spatial data will be coded to attach to the soil layer to generate the thematic
maps and derived spatial data by integrating the two databases using GIS
environment. Soil data will also be linked to the other data such as land use/land
cover, climatic, hydrologic, socio-economic, and physiographic data to develop
an integrated watershed development plan. The coding scheme with its description
part at different scales for all the elements, followed by its structure, is given in
tables 1 to 7. An example of soil resource codification, as followed in Moolbari
watershed, district Simla, Himachal Pradesh, is given in Annexure 2 (Map 2).
Soil.dat will contain profile descriptions for each soil class/SOIL-CODE. In this
table, soil properties will be defined for individual soil horizon, which will be based
on soil reports prepared under the Bio-geo Database programme. This table will
be linked to the soil layer attribute table via SOIL-CODE as the key field.
TABLE 1 STRUCTURE OF SOIL . LUTField name Field type Key field Remarks
SOIL-CODE 32, 32,C Y 32-digit primary link CODE (Explained later)
ASS1-CODE 32, 32, C Y Secondary link CODE (f irst association), same
values as SOIL-CODE
ASS2-CODE 32, 32,C Y Ter tiary link CODE (second association), same
values as SOIL-CODE
ORDER 15,15,C N Order description
SB-ORDER 15,15,C N Sub-order description
GR-GROUP 30,30,C N Greatgroup description
SB-GROUP 30,30,C N Sub-group description
FAMILY-TEX 30,30,C N Family level textural description
FAMILY-MIN 30,30,C N Family level mineral description
FAMILY-TEMP 30,30,C N Family level temperature region description
SERIES 30,30,C N Series name
SOIL SERIES PHASE 30,30,C N Series phases name
Note Soil.lut should be created taking care to include all the occurrences along with their associated categories. For example;
if category 01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01 has associations with 02-02-02-02-02-02-02-02 and 03-03-03-03-03-03-03-03,
then the LUT should mandatorily contain three records pertaining to CODEs 01-01-01-01-01-01-01-01, 02-02-02-02-02-
02-02-02 and 03-03-03-03-03-03-03-03
-
34
Standards for bio-geo database
Coding scheme for soil layer (SOIL.LUT): Soil code will be AA-BB-CC-
DD-EEFFGG-HH-IIJJKKLLMMNNPPQQ (32 digit). Detailed soil codes,
along with description up to soil series phase level are given in Appendix 1.
TABLE 2 STRUCTURE OF SOIL . DATField name Field type Key field Remarks
SOIL-CODE 32,32,C Y 32-digit link CODE
SOIL-DEPTH 10,10,N,0 N
MIN-DEPTH 6,6,N,2 N
MAX-DEPTH 6,6,N,2 N
SAND-PER 5,5,N,2 N
SILT-PER 5,5,N,2 N
CLAY-PER 5,5,N,2 N
TEXTURE 15,15,C N
pH 5,5,N,2 N
EC 5,5,N,2 N
OC-PER 5,5,N,2 N
AV-P205 5,5,N,2 N
AV-K2O G,G,N,2 N
EX-Ca 5,5,N,2 N
EX-Mg 5,5,N,2 N
EX-Na 5,5,N,2 N
EX-K 5,5,N,2 N
CEC G,G,N,2 N
BASE-SATN-PER G,G,N,2 N
ESP G,G,N,2 N
LCC 5,5,C N Land capability class
LCAP-CODE G,G,C N Translated land capability class core as per
LANDCAP.LUT
LlC 5,5,C N Land irrigability class
LANDIR-CODE 2,2,C N Translated land irrigability class code as per
LANDCAP.LUT
PROD-POTEN 10,10,C N
MAX-INFILTRA 5,5,N N
HS-CODE 2,2,C N CODE for run-off potential as per HYDSOIL.LUT
derived from Max-filtra
SOILIR-CODE 2,2,C N Derived soil irrigability class codes as per
SOIL1RR.LUT using criterion table given later
LOCATION 50,30,C N
-
35
Soil resource codification
ATTRIBUTE C ODES FOR L AND C APABILIT Y CL ASSES:
TABLE 3 L A N D C A P. L U TLCAP-CODE Description
Class Sub-class Unit
01-00-00 I
01-01-00 Erosion
01-01-01 Intensity - 1
01-01-02 Intensity - 2
01-02-00 Wetness
01-02-01 Intensity - 1
01-02-02 Intensity - 2
01-03-00 Climate
01-03-01 Intensity - 1
01-03-02 Intensity - 2
01-04-00 Soil
01-04-01 Intensity - 1
01-04-02 Intensity - 2
02-00-00 II
02-01-00 Erosion
02-01-01 Intensity - 1
02-01-02 Intensity - 2
02-02-00 Wetness
02-02-01 Intensity - 1
02-02-02 Intensity - 2
02-03-00 Climate
02-03-01 Intensity - 1
02-03-02 Intensity - 2
02-04-00 Soil
02-04-01 Intensity - 1
02-04-02 Intensity - 2
03-00-00 III
03-01-00 Erosion
03-01-01 Intensity - 1
03-01-02 Intensity - 2
03-02-00 Wetness
03-02-01 Intensity - 1
03-02-02 Intensity - 2
03-03-00 Climate
03-03-01 Intensity - 1
-
36
Standards for bio-geo database
LCAP-CODE Description
Class Sub-class Unit
03-03-02 Intensity - 2
03-04-00 Soil
03-04-01 Intensity - 1
04-00-00 IV
04-01-00 Erosion
04-01-01 Intensity - 1
04-01-02 Intensity - 2
04-02-00 Wetness
04-02-01 Intensity - 1
04-02-02 Intensity - 2
04-03-00 Climate
04-03-01 Intensity - 1
04-03-02 Intensity - 2
04-04-00 Soil
04-04-01 Intensity - 1
04-04-02 Intensity - 2
05-00-00 V
05-01-00 Erosion
05-01-01 Intensity - 1
05-01-02 Intensity - 2
05-02-00 Wetness
05-02-01 Intensity - 1
05-02-02 Intensity - 2
05-03-00 Climate
05-03-01 Intensity - 1
05-03-02 Intensity - 2
05-04-00 Soil
05-04-01 Intensity - 1
05-04-02 Intensity - 2
06-00-00 VI
06-01-00 Erosion
06-01-01 Intensity - 1
06-01-02 Intensity - 2
06-02-00 Wetness
06-02-01 Intensity - 1
06-02-02 Intensity - 2
06-03-00 Climate
06-03-01 Intensity - 1
06-03-02 Intensity - 2
-
37
Soil resource codification
LCAP-CODE Description
Class Sub-class Unit
06-04-00 Soil
06-04-01 Intensity - 1
06-04-02 Intensity - 2
07 -00-00 VII
07-01-00 Erosion
07-01-01 Intensity - 1
07-01-02 Intensity - 2
07 -02-00 Wetness
07-02-01 Intensity - 1
07 -02-02 Intensity - 2
07 -03-00 Climate
07 -02-00 Wetness
07-02-01 Intensity - 1
07 -02-02 Intensity - 2
07 -03-00 Climate
07-03-01 Intensity - 1
07 -03-02 Intensity - 2
07 -04-00 Soil
07-04-01 Intensity - 1
07 -04-02 Intensity - 2
08-00-00 VIII
08-01-00 Erosion
08-01-01 Intensity - 1
08-01-02 Intensity - 2
08-02-00 Wetness
08-02-01 Intensity - 1
08-02-02 Intensity - 2
08-03-00 Climate
08-03-01 Intensity - 1
08-03-02 Intensity - 2
08-04-00 Soil
08-04-01 Intensity - 1
08-04-02 Intensity - 2
98-98-98 Habitation mask *
99-99-99 Water body mask **
* Habitation mask polygons taken from layer settlea
** Water body mask polygons taken from layer drainp
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38
Standards for bio-geo database
STRUCTURE OF THE TABLE L ANDC AP.L UTField name Field type Key field
LCAP-CODE G,G,C Y
CLASS 15,15,C N
SUB-CLASS 15,15,C N
UNIT 15,15,C N
STRUCTURE OF THE TABLE
Field name Field type Key field Remarks
WSP-CODE 2,2,C Y Feature Code
PRIORIT Y 15,15,C N Code Description
STRUCTURE OF THE TABLEField name Field type Key field Remarks
HS-CODE 2,2,C Y Feature code
RUNPOT 15,15,C N Run-off potential
ATTRIBUTE TABLE FOR HYDROLOGIC AL SOIL UNIT S
TABLE 5 HYDROSOL.L UTHS-CODE Runpot
01 Low
02 Moderately low
03 Moderately high
04 Highest
98 Habitation mask*
99 Water body mask**
* Habitation mask polygons taken from layer settlea
** Water body mask polygons taken from layer drainp
TABLE 4 WATERSHED PRIORIT IES FOR SOIL C ONSER VATION WSP.L UTWSP-CODE Priority
01 Low
02 Medium
03 High
04 Very high
98 Habitation mask *
99 Water body mask **
* Habitation mask polygons taken from layer settlea
** Water body mask polygons taken from layer drainp
-
39
Soil resource codification
STRUCTURE OF THE TABLE
Field name Field type Key field Remarks
LANDIR-CODE 2,2,C Y Feature code
Description 100,25,C N Code description
STRUCTURE OF THE TABLE
Field name Field type Key field Remarks
SOILiR-CODE 2,2,C Y Feature code
Description 100,25,C N Code description
TABLE 7 ATTRIBUTE TABLE FOR SOIL IRRIG ABILIT Y: SOILIRR.L UTSOILiR-CODE Description
01 A None to slight limitations for sustained use under irrigation
02 B Moderate soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation
03 C Severe soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation
04 D Very severe soil limitations for sustained use under irrigation
05 E Not suited for irrigation
98 Habitation mask *
99 Water body mask **
* Habitation mask polygons taken from layer settlea
** Water body mask polygons taken from layer drainp
TABLE 6 ATTRIBUTE TABLE FOR L AND IRRIGABILIT Y: L ANDIRR.LUTLANDIR-CODE Description
01 Few limitations for sustained use under irrigation
02 Moderate limitations for sustained use under irrigation
03 Severe limitations for sustained use under irrigation
04 Very severe limitations, marginal for sustained use under irrigation
05 Not suitable for sustained use under irrigation pending further investigations
06 Not suited for use under irrigation, also not arable
98 Habitation mask *
99 Water body mask **
* Habitation mask polygons taken from layer settlea
** Water body mask polygons taken from layer drainp
-
40
Standards for bio-geo database
The standardized codes up to group level are given below.
AA : Order (two digits)
BB : Suborder (two digits)
CC : Greatgroup (two digits)
DD : Subgroup (two digits)
EEFFGG : Soil family (six digits)
HH : Soil series (two digits)
I, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q : Phases of soil series (16 digits) surface
texture (I), slope (J), erosion (K), surface
stoniness (L), salinity (N), sodicity (N), and
flooding (P)
References
NNRMS. 2000National (Natural) Resource Information System NRIS node design and standardsBangalore: ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 1975Soil Survey Staff (1975) Soil Taxonomy: a basic system of the classification formaking and interpreting soil surveysWashington DC: USDA
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 1994Soil Survey Staff (1994) Keys to Soil Taxonomy (6th edn)Washington DC: USDA Soil Conservation Service
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture). 1998Soil Survey Staff (1998) Keys to Soil Taxonomy (8th edn)Washington DC: USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service
-
Appendix 1
Coding scheme for soil layer (SOIL.LUT): AA-BB-CC-DD-EEFFGG-HH-
IIJJKKLLMMNNPP (32 digits)
LEVEL 1 SUBGROUP C ODES FOR SOIL S IN SOIL.L UTCode Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
01-01-01-01 Alfisols Aqualfs Plinthaqualfs Typic Plinthaqualfs
01-01-02-02 Natraqualfs Vertic Natraqualfs
01-01-02-03 Vermic Natraqualfs
01-01-02-04 Albic Glossic Natraqualfs
01-01-02-05 Albic Natraqualfs
01-01-02-06 Glossic Natraqualfs
01-01-02-07 Mollic Natraqualfs
01-01-02-08 Typic Natraqualfs
01-01-03-01 Duraqualfs Typic Duraqualfs
01-01-04-01 Fragiaqualfs Aeric Fragiaqualfs
01-01-04-02 Plinthic Fragiaqualfs
01-01-04-03 Umbric Fragiaqualfs
01-01-04-04 Typic Fragiaqualfs
01-01-05-01 Kandiaqualfs Arenic Kandiaqualfs
01-01-05-02 Grossarenic Kandiaqualfs
01-01-05-03 Plinthic Kandiaqualfs
01-01-05-04 Aeric Umbric Kandiaqualfs
01-01-05-05 Umbric Kandiaqualfs
01-01-05-06 Typic Kandiaqualfs
01-01-06-01 Glossaqualfs Arenic Glossaqualfs
01-01-06-02 Histic Glossaqualfs
01-01-06-03 Grossarenic Glossaqualfs
01-01-06-04 Aeric Glossaqualfs
01-01-06-05 Fragic Glossaqualfs
01-01-06-06 Mollic Glossaqualfs
01-01-06-07 Typic Glossaqualfs
01-01-07-01 Albaqualfs Aeric Vertic Albaqualfs
01-01-07-02 Chromic Vertic Albaqualfs
01-01-07-03 Vertic Albaqualfs
01-01-07-04 Udollic Albaqualfs
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42
Standards for bio-geo database
Code Order (AA) Sub order (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Sub group (DD)
01-01-07-05 Aeric Albaqualfs
01-01-07-06 Aquandic Albaqualfs
01-01-07-07 Mollic Albaqualfs
01-01-07-08 Umbric Albaqualfs
01-01-07-09 Typic Albaqualfs
01-01-08-01 Cryaqualfs Typic Cryaqualfs
01-01-09-01 Vermaqualfs Natric Vermaqualfs
01-01-09-02 Typic Vermaqualfs
01-01-10-01 Epiaqualfs Aeric Chromic Vertic
Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-02 Aeric Vertic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-03 Chromic Vertic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-04 Vertic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-05 Aquandic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-06 Arenic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-07 Grossarenic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-08 Aeric Umbric Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-09 Udollic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-10 Aeric Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-11 Mollic Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-12 Umbric Epiaqualfs
01-01-10-13 Typic Epiaqualfs
01-01-11-01 Endoaqualfs Aquandic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-02 Arenic Endoaqnalfs
01-01-11-03 Grossarenic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-04 Udollic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-05 Aeric Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-06 Mollic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-07 Umbric Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-08 Chromic Vertic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-09 Vertic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-10 Aeric Fragic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-11 Fragic Endoaqualfs
01-01-11-12 Typic Endoaqualfs
01-02-01-01 Cryalfs Palecryalfs Andic Palecryalfs
01-02-01-01 Vitrandic Palecryalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
43
Soil resource codification
01-02-01-02 Aquic Palecryalfs
01-02-01-03 Oxyaquic Palecryalfs
01-02-01-04 Xeric Palecryalfs
01-02-01-05 Ustic Palecryalfs
01-02-01-06 Mollic Palecryalfs
01-02-01-07 Umbric Palecryalfs
01-02-01-08 Typic Palecryalfs
01-02-02-02 Glossocryalfs Lithic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-03 Vertic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-04 Andic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-05 Vitrandic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-06 Aquic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-07 Oxyaquic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-08 Fragic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-09 Xerollic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-10 Umbric Xerric Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-01 Ustollic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-11 Xeric Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-12 Ustic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-13 Mollic Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-14 Umbric Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-15 Eutric Glossocryalfs
01-02-02-16 Typic Glossocryalfs
01-02-03-01 Haplocryalfs Lithic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-02 Vertic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-03 Andic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-04 Vitrandic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-05 Aquic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-06 Oxyaquic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-07 Lamellic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-08 Psammentic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-09 Inceptic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-10 Xerollic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-11 Umbric Xeric Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-12 Ustollic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-13 Xeric Haplocryalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
44
Standards for bio-geo database
01-02-03-14 Ustic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-15 Mollic Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-16 Umbric Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-17 Eutric Haplocryalfs
01-02-03-18 Typic Haplocryalfs
01-03-01-01 Ustalfs Durustalfs Typic Durustalfs
01-03-02-01 Plinthustalfs Typic Plinthustalfs
01-03-03-01 Natrustalfs Vertic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-02 Leptic Torrertic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-03 Torrertic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-04 Aquic Arenic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-05 Aquertic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-06 Aquic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-07 Aridic Leptic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-08 Arenic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-09 Petrocalcic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-10 Salidic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-11 Mollic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-12 Leptic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-13 Haplargidic Natrustalfs
01-03-03-14 Typic Natrustalfs
01-03-04-01 Kandiustalfs Grossarenic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-02 Aquic Arenic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-03 Plinthic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-04 Aquic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-05 Arenic Aridic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-06 Arenic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-07 Aridic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-08 Udic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-09 Rhodic Kandiustalfs
01-03-04-1 0 Typic Kandiustalfs
01-03-05-01 Kanhaplustalfs Lithic Kanhaplustalfs
01-03-05-02 Aquic Kanhaplustalfs
01-03-05-03 Aridic Kanhaplustalfs
01-03-05-04 Udic Kanhaplustalfs
01-03-05-05 Rhodic Kanhaplustalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
45
Soil resource codification
01-03-05-06 Typic Kanhaplustalfs
01-03-06-01 Paleustalfs Aquertic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-02 Oxyaquic Vertic aleustalfs
01-03-06-03 Udertic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-04 Vertic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-05 Psammentic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-06 Grossarenic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-07 Aquic Arenic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-08 Plinthic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-09 Aquic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-10 Oxyaquic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-11 Petrocalcic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-12 Arenic Aridic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-13 Arenic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-14 Calcidic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-15 Aridic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-16 Kandic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-17 Rhodic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-18 Ultic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-19 Udic Paleustalfs
01-03-06-20 Typic Paleustalfs
01-03-07 -01 Rhodustalfs Lithic Rhodustalfs
01-03-07 -02 Kanhaplic Rhodustalfs
01-03-07 -03 Udic Rhodustalfs
01-03-07-04 Typic Rhodustalfs
01-03-08-01 Haplustalfs Lithic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-02 Aquertic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-03 Oxyaquic Vertic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-04 Torrertic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-05 Udertic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-06 Vertic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-07 Aquic Arenic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-08 Aquultic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-09 Aquic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-10 Oxyaquic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-11 Vitrandic Haplustalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
46
Standards for bio-geo database
01-03-08-12 Lamellic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-13 Psammentic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-14 Arenic Aridic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-15 Arenic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-16 Calcidic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-17 Aridic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-18 Kanhaplic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-19 Inceptic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-20 Calcic Udic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-21 Ultic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-22 Calcic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-23 Udic Haplustalfs
01-03-08-24 Typic Haplustalfs
01-04-01-01 Xeralfs Durixeralfs Natric Durixeralfs
01-04-01-02 Vertic Durixeralfs
01-04-01-03 Aquic Durixeralfs
01-04-01-04 Abruptic Haplic Durixeralfs
01-04-01-05 Abruptic Durixeralfs
01-04-01-06 Haplic Durixeralfs
01-04-01-07 Typic Durixeralfs
01-04-02-01 Natrixeralfs Vertic Natrixeralfs
01-04-02-02 Aquic Natrixeralfs
01-04-02-03 Typic Natrixeralfs
01-04-03-01 Fragixeralfs Andic Fragixeralfs
01-04-03-02 Vitrandic Fragixeralfs
01-04-03-03 Mollic Fragixeralfs
01-04-03-04 Aquic Fragixeralfs
01-04-03-05 Ochreptic Fragixeralfs
01-04-03-06 Typic Fragixeralfs
01-04-04-01 Plinthoxeralfs Typic Plinthoxeralfs
01-04-05-01 Rhodoxeralfs Lithic Rhodoxeralfs
01-04-05-02 Petrocalcic Rhodoxeralfs
01-04-05-03 Calcic Rhodoxeralfs
01-04-05-04 Inceptic Rhodoxeralfs
01-04-05-05 Vertic Rhodoxeralfs
01-04-05-06 Typic Rhodoxeralfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
47
Soil resource codification
01-04-06-01 Palexeralfs Vertic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-02 Aquandic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-03 Andic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-04 Vitrandic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-05 Aquic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-06 Fragiaquic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-07 Petrocalcic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-08 Lamellic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-09 Arenic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-11 Psammentic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-12 Natric Palexeralfs
01-04-06-13 Fragic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-14 Calcic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-15 Plinthic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-16 Ultic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-17 Haplic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-18 Mollic Palexeralfs
01-04-06-19 Typic Palexeralfs
01-04-07-01 Haploxeralfs Lithic Mollic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-02 Lithic Ruptic
01-04-07 -03 Lithic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07 -04 Vertic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-05 Aquandic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-06 Andic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-07 Vitrandic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-08 Aquultic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-09 Aquic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-10 Natric Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-11 Psammentic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-12 Plinthic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-13 Calcic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-14 Ultic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-15 Mollic Haploxeralfs
01-04-07-16 Typic Haploxeralfs
01-05-01-01 Udalfs Natrudalfs Vertic Natrudalfs
01-05-01-02 Glossic Natrudalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
48
Standards for bio-geo database
01-05-01-03 Mollic Natrudalfs
01-05-01-04 Typic Natrudalfs
01-05-02-01 Ferrudalfs Aquic Ferrudalfs
01-05-02-02 Typic Ferrudalfs
01-05-03-01 Glossudalfs Fragic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-02 Aquandic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-03 Andic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-04 Vitrandic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-05 Oxyaquic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-06 Arenic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-07 Haplic Glossudalfs
01-05-03-08 Typic Glossudalfs
01-05-04-01 Fraglossudalfs Aquic Fraglossudalfs
01-05-04-02 Oxyaquic Fraglossudalfs
01-05-04-03 Typic Fraglossudalfs
01-05-05-01 Fragiudalfs Umbreptic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-02 Mollic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-03 Glossaquic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-04 Aqueptic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-05 Albaquic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-06 Aquic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-07 Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-08 Glossic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-09 Ochreptic Fragiudalfs
01-05-05-10 Typic Fragiudalfs
01-05-06-01 Kandiudalfs Plinthaquic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -02 Aquic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -03 Oxyaquic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -04 Arenic Plinthic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -05 Grossarenic Plinthic
Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -06 Arenic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -07 Grossarenic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -08 Plinthic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06 -09 Rhodic Kandiudalfs
01-05-06-10 Mollic Kandiudalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
49
Soil resource codification
01-05-06-11 Typic Kandiudalfs
01-05-07-01 Kanhapludalfs Lithic Kanhapludalfs
01-05-07-02 Aquic Kanhapludalfs
01-05-07-03 Oxyaquic Kanhapludalfs
01-05-07-04 Rhodic Kanhapludalfs
01-05-07-05 Typic Kanhapludalfs
01-05-08-01 Paleudalfs Vertic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-02 Anthraquic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-03 Plinthquic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-04 Glossaquic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-05 Albaquic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-06 Aquic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-07 Oxyaquic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-08 Arenic Plinthic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-09 Grossarenic Plinthic
Paleudalfs
01-05-08-10 Psammentic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-11 Arenic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-12 Grossarenic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-13 Plinthic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-14 Glossic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-15 Rhodic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-16 Mollic Paleudalfs
01-05-08-17 Typic Paleudalfs
01-05-09-01 Rhodudalfs Typic Rhodudalfs
01-05-10-01 Hapludalfs Lithic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-02 Aquic Fragic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-03 Aquertic Chromic
Hapludalfs
01-05-10-04 Aquertic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-05 Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-06 Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-07 Vertic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-08 Andic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-09 Vitrandic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-10 Lamellic Hapludalfs
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
50
Standards for bio-geo database
01-05-10-11 Psammentic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-12 Aquic Arenic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-13 Arenic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-14 Anthraquic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-15 Albaquultic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-16 Albaquic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-17 Glossaquic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-18 Aquultic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-19 Aquollic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-20 Aquic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-21 Fragic Aquic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-22 Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-23 Fragic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-24 Glossic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-25 Inceptic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-26 Ultic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-27 Mollic Hapludalfs
01-05-10-28 Typic Hapludalfs
02-01-01-01 Andisols Aquands Cryaquands Lithic Cryaquands
02-01-01-02 Pergelic Cryaquands
02-01-01-03 Histic Cryaquands
02-01-01-04 Thaptic Cryaquands
02-01-01-05 Typic Cryaquands
02-01-02-01 Placaquands Lithic Placaquands
02-01-02-02 Duric Histic Placaquands
02-01-02-03 Duric Placaquands
02-01-02-04 Histic Placaquands
02-01-02-05 Thaptic Placaquands
02-01-02-06 Typic Placaquands
02-01-03-01 Duraquands Histic Duraquands
02-01-03-02 Acraquoxic Duraquands
02-01-03-03 Thaptic Duraquands
02-01-03-04 Typic Duraquands
02-01-04-01 Vitraquands Lithic Vitraquands
02-01-04-02 Duric Vitraquands
02-01-04-03 Histic Vitraquands
02-01-04-04 Thaptic Vitraquands
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
51
Soil resource codification
02-01-05-01 Melanaquands Lithic Melanaquands
02-01-05-02 Acraquoxic Melanaquands
02-01-05-03 Hydric Pachic
Melanaquands
02-01-05-04 Hydric Melanaquands
02-01-05-05 Thaptic Melanaquands
02-01-05-06 Typic Melanaquands
02-01-06-01 Epiaquands Petroferric Epiaquands
02-01-06-02 Duric Epiaquands
02-01-06-03 Histic Epiaquands
02-01-06-04 Alic Epiaquands
02-01-06-05 Hydric Epiaquands
02-01-06-06 Thaptic Epiaquands
02-01-06-07 Typic Epiaquands
02-01-07-01 Endoaquands Lithic Endoaquands
02-01-07-02 Petroferric Endoaquands
02-01-07-03 Duric Endoaquands
02-01-07-04 Histic Endoaquands
02-01-07-05 Alic Endoaquands
02-01-07-06 Hydric Endoaquands
02-01-07-07 Thaptic Endoaquands
02-01-07-08 Typic Endoaquands
02-02-01-01 Cryands Duricryands Typic Duricryands
02-02-01-02 Aquic Duricryands
02-02-02-01 Melanocryands Lithic Melanocryands
02-02-02-02 Alic Melanocryands
02-02-02-03 Vertic Melanocryands
02-02-02-04 Typic Melanocryands
02-02-03-01 Fluvicryands Lithic Fluvicryands
02-02-03-02 Vitric Fluvicryands
02-02-03-03 Typic Fluvicryands
02-02-04-01 Hydrocryands Lithic Hydrocryands
02-02-04-02 Placic Hydrocryands
02-02-04-03 Aquic Hydrocryands
02-02-04-04 Thaptic Hydrocryands
02-02-04-05 Typic Hydrocryands
02-02-05-01 Vitricryands Lithic Vitricryands
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
52
Standards for bio-geo database
02-02-05-02 Aquic Vitricryands
02-02-05-03 Taptic Vitricryands
02-02-05-05 Humic Xeric Vitricryands
02-02-05-06 Xeric Vitricryands
02-02-05-07 Ultic Vitricryands
02-02-05-08 Alfic Vitricryands
02-02-05-09 Humic Vitricryands
02-02-05-10 Typic Vitricryands
02-02-06-01 Haplocryands Lithic Haplocryands
02-02-06-02 Alic Haplocryands
02-02-06-03 Aquic Haplocryands
02-02-06-04 Acrudoxic Haplocryands
02-02-06-05 Vitric Haplocryands
02-02-06-06 Thaptic Haplocryands
02-02-06-07 Xeric Haplocryands
02-02-06-08 Typic Haplocryands
02-03-01-01 Torrands Vitritorrands Lithic Vitritorrands
02-03-01-02 Petrocalcic Vitritorrands
02-03-01-03 Duric Vitritorrands
02-03-01-04 Aquic Vitritorrands
02-03-01-05 Calcic Vitritorrands
02-03-01-06 Typic Vitritorrands
02-04-01-01 Xerands Vitrixerands Lithic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-02 Aquic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-03 Thaptic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-04 Alfic Humic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-05 Alfic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-06 Ultic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-07 Humic Vitrixerands
02-04-01-08 Typic Vitrixerands
02-04-02-01 Melanoxerands Pachic Melanoxerands
02-04-02-02 Typic Melanoxerands
02-04-03-01 Haploxerands Lithic Haploxerands
02-04-03-02 Aquic Haploxerands
02-04-03-03 Thaptic Haploxerands
02-04-03-04 Calcic Haploxerands
02-04-03-05 Ultic Haploxerands
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
53
Soil resource codification
02-04-03-06 Alfic Humic Haploxerands
02-04-03-07 Alfic Haploxerands
02-04-03-08 Humic Haploxerands
02-04-03-09 Typic Haploxerands
02-05-01-01 Vitrands Ustivitrands Lithic Ustivitrands
02-05-01-02 Aquic Ustivitrands
02-05-01-03 Thaptic Ustivitrands
02-05-01-04 Calcic Ustivitrands
02-05-01-05 Humic Ustivitrands
02-05-01-06 Typic Ustivitrands
02-05-02-01 Udivitrands Lithic Udivitrands
02-05-02-02 Aquic Udivitrands
02-05-02-03 Thaptic Udivitrands
02-05-02-04 Ultic Udivitrands
02-05-02-05 Alfic Udivitrands
02-05-02-06 Humic Udivitrands
02-05-02-07 Typic Udivitrands
02-06-01-01 Ustands Durustands Aquic Durustands
02-06-01-02 Thaptic Durustands
02-06-01-03 Humic Durustands
02-06-01-04 Typic Durustands
02-06-02-01 Haplustands Lithic Haplustands
02-06-02-02 Aquic Haplustands
02-06-02-03 Dystric Vitric Haplustands
02-06-02-04 Vitric Haplustands
02-06-02-05 Pachic Haplustands
02-06-02-06 Thaptic Haplustands
02-06-02-07 Calcic Haplustands
02-06-02-08 Dystric Haplustands
02-06-02-09 Oxic Haplustands
02-06-02-10 Ultic Haplustands
02-06-02-11 Alfic Haplustands
02-06-02-12 Humic Haplustands
02-06-02-13 Typic Haplustands
02-07-01-01 Udands Placudands Lithic Placudands
02-07 -01-02 Aquic Placudands
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
54
Standards for bio-geo database
02-07 -01-03 Acrudoxic Hydric Placudands
02-07 -01-04 Acrudoxic Placudands
02-07 -01-05 Eutric Vitric Placudands
02-07 -01-06 Vitric Placudands
02-07 -01-07 Hydric Pachic Placudands
02-07 -01-08 Pachic Placudands
02-07 -01-09 Hydric Placudands
02-07-01-10 Thaptic Placudands
02-07-01-11 Eutric Placudands
02-07-01-12 Typic Placudands
02-07-02-01 Durudands Aquic Durudands
02-07-02-02 Acrudoxic Durudands
02-07-02-03 Hydric Pachic Durudands
02-07-02-04 Thaptic Durudands
02-07-02-05 Typic Durudands
02-07-03-01 Melanudands Lithic Melanudands
02-07-03-02 Anthraquic Melanudands
02-07-03-03 Alic Aquic Melanudands
02-07-03-04 Alic Pachic Melanudands
02-07-03-05 Alic Thaptic Melanudands
02-07-03-06 Alic Melanudands
02-07-03-07 Aquic Melanudands
02-07-03-08 Acrudoxic Vitric Melanudands
02-07-03-09 Acrudoxic Hydric elanudands
02-07-03-10 Acrudoxic Melanudands
02-07-03-11 Pachic Vitric Melanudands
02-07-03-12 Eutric Vitric Melanudands
02-07-03-13 Vitric Melanudands
02-07-03-14 Hydric Pachic Melanudands
02-07-03-15 Pachic Melanudands
02-07-03-16 Eutric Hydric Melanudands
02-07-03-17 Hydric Melanudands
02-07-03-18 Thaptic Melanudands
02-07-03-19 Ultic Melanudands
02-07-03-20 Typic Melanudands
02-07-04-01 Fulvudands Hydric Lithic Fulvudands
02-07-04-02 Lithic Fulvudands
Code Order (AA) Suborder (BB) Greatgroup (CC) Subgroup (DD)
-
55
Soil resource codification
02-07-04-03 Alic Fulvudands
02-07-04-04 Aquic Fulvudands
02-07-04-05 Acrudoxic Hydric Fulvudands
02-07-04-06 Acrudoxic Ultic Fulvudands
02-07-04-07 Acrudoxic Fulvudands
02-07-04-08 Hydric Pachic Fulvudands
02-07-04-09 Eutric Pachic Fulvudands
02-07-04-10 Pachic Fulvudands
02-07-04-11 Hydric Thaptic Fulvudands
02-07-04-12 Hydric Fulvudands
02-07-04-13 Thaptic Fulvudands
02-07-04-14 Eutric Fulvudands
02-07-04-15 Typic Fulvudands
02-07-05-01 Hydrudands Lithic Hydrudands
02-07-05-02 Aquic Hydrudands
02-07-05-03 Acrudoxic Thaptic
Hydrudands
02-07-05-04 Acrudoxic Hydrudands
02-07-05-05 Thaptic Hydrudands
02-07-05-06 Eutric Hydrudands
02-07-05-07 Ultic Hydrudands
02-07-05-08 Typic Hydrudands
02-07-06-01 Hapludands Lithic Hapludands
02-07-06-02 Petroferric Hapludands
02-07-06-03 Anthraquic Hapludands
02-07-06-04 Aquic Duric Hapludands
0