Biochemistry STUDY GUIDE KEY

1. What are the 4 biomolecules of life? Give an example of each.

Protein - meats Lipids – fats and oils Carbohydrates – breads Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA

2. Complete the following table.

Macromolecule Monomer/PolymerElements/Components

involvedExamples Indicator

ProteinAmino acid/polypeptide

C, H, O, NCarboxyl group, amino group, R

group

Enzymes, meats, hair

Biuret Pos: purpleNeg: blue

LipidsFatty acids, glycerols/

Triglycerides

C, HGlycerol, Fatty acids, phosphate

group (phospholipids)

Wax, Steroids, fats, oils

Paper smearPos: translucentNeg: opaque

CarbohydratesMonosaccharide/Polysaccharide

C, H, O Bread

Starch: IodinePos: blackN: red/orangeSugar: Benedict’s solutionPos: green-redNeg: Blue

Nucleic AcidsNucleotide/DNA & RNA

C, H, O, N, PPhosphorous group, sugar,

nitrogenous baseDNA, RNA N/A

3. Each biomolecule has a single unit known as a __________and a many unit structure known as a _________.

Each biomolecule has a single unit known as a monomer and a many unit structure known as a polymer.

4. If two monomers of carbohydrates were to bond it would make a _______.

If two monomers of carbohydrates were to bond it would make a disaccharide.

5. Which 3 elements do carbohydrates contain?

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

6. Describe a biological function for each of the following carbohydrates

Cellulose: makes the structure of the cell walls Starch: how plants store polysaccharides for energy

7. Briefly describe what a peptide bond is.

A peptide bond is when two or more amino acids link together to make a polypeptide or protein. When a peptide bond is made, one molecule of water is produced.

8. An amino acid has three parts. What are they called?

Amino group Carboxyl group R group

9. Enzymes are catalysts. What does that mean?

Enzymes start a reaction and help it occur faster. They are necessary for our life functions. Without them, reactions would take too long to take place.

10. The substrate of an enzyme binds to the _____ of the enzyme in order for a reaction to occur.

The substrate of an enzyme binds to the active site of the enzyme in order for a reaction to occur.

11. What is denaturing a protein mean?

Denaturing a protein means that the protein itself changes shape due to temperature, salinity, or pH and is no longer functional. This reaction is not reversible.

12. What conditions can cause an enzyme to change or denature?

High temperatures Salinity pH

13. What are the four types of lipids?

Triglycerides Phospholipids Waxes Steroids

14. What is this difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats are from animals, contain only single bonds in the fatty acid chains, and are solid at room temperature.

Unsaturated fats are from plants, contain at least one double bond in the fatty acid chains, and are liquid at room temperature.

15. What are the two type of nucleic acids?

DNARNA

the end.