biochemistry lect 1 2011 colour 2 slides per page

8/13/2019 Biochemistry Lect 1 2011 Colour 2 Slides Per Page

1/18

Energy

Metabolism

BIOSCI 101 Essential Biology: from Genomes to Organisms

Teaching Resources: Biochemistry: Energy Metabolism

Lecture Series:

-lecture guide

-9 lectures; 1-5 NPB, 7-10 TH

-two review and question sessions (L6 - NPB and L11 TH)

- two tutorials

9 June 2-3 PM (Mac 1) & 14 June 4-5 PM (Mac 1)

Cecil Resources:

- lecture powerpoints (available at end of lecture)

- overview movie and animations

- document camera notes

- L 1-5 (available after L6)


2/18

Lecture 1: Respiration

The major fuels we obtain in our diet are

carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.

We convert these dietary fuels to heat and ATP.

ATP functions as an immediate energy source.

The conversion of dietary fuels to ATP involves a

series of oxidative reactions.

Dietary fuels are oxidised to CO2 and H20.

The oxidation of fuels to generate ATP is called

.

To achieve a full understanding of the biochemistry lecture series on energymetabolism, the summary points provided in this slide must be considered with

the information provided in the lectures and lecture guide and the directed

reading (listed in the Lecture Guide).


Teaching Resources: Biochemistry: Energy Metabolism (cont)

Other:

- Mastering Biology Quizzes (contributes a proportion of

of your final mark)

- on-line CSL tests (contributes 2 % to your final mark)

-texts at Resource Centre

- Basic Medical Biochemistry: A Clinical Approach

- Biochemistry 2nd Edition

- Chemistry for Biology Students


3/18

Biochemistry CSL on-line Tests

Six mini on-line tests

Three questions / test

Each test = 0.33 % of final mark (2%

total)

It is 10 min long and you have twoattempts

Availability of Biochemistry CSL Tests

Test # Available Covers materialfrom lectures

Test openingdate

11 am stream at

12 noon.

4 pm stream at

Test closingdate

8 am for 11 am

stream

12 noon for 4

one After lecture 3 1 to 3 20 May 23 May

two After lecture 4 4 23 May 24 May

three After lecture 5 5 24 May 26 May

four After lecture 7 7 27 May 30 May

five After lecture 8 8 30 May 31 May

six After lecture 10 9 &10 2 June 3 June


4/18

How do these tests help my

learning and understanding?Do you understand the lecture?

Do you understand the level of detail required?

Feedback to Lecturer

Are students understanding the lecture material?

Does any material need further clarification? Why?

Any learning issues can be addressed in time

(each lecture requires understanding of previous lectures)

After each mini CSL test

In the next lecture after a test closes:

Lecturer will discuss each question

How the class responded

Whether there are any issues

What you need to do (review) to improve your understanding in

time for subsequent lectures

Example of question on next slide


5/18

Question 1:

Enzymes are _________

a) Fats

b) Steroids

c Monosaccharides

d) Phospholipids

e) Proteins

Question 1: Example of a

theoretical class responseEnzymes are _____?

a) Fats

b) Steroids

c Monosaccharides

0 20 40 60 80

%of class

d) Phospholipids

e) Proteins


6/18

Question 1: Example of a

theoretical class responseEnzymes are _____?

a) Fats

b) Steroids

c) Monosaccharides

d) Phospholipids

e) Proteins

0 20 40 60 80

%of class

Availability of Biochemistry CSL Tests

Test # Available Covers materialfrom lectures

Test openingdate

11 am stream at

12 noon.

3 pm stream at

Test closingdate

8 am for 11 am

stream

12 noon for 3

one After lecture 3 1 to 3 20 May 23 May

two After lecture 4 4 23 May 24 May

three After lecture 5 5 24 May 26 May

four After lecture 7 7 27 May 30 May

five After lecture 8 8 30 May 31 May

six After lecture 10 9 &10 2 June 3 June


7/18

Monday 16th M ay T ue sd ay17th MayBIOCHEMISTRY

lecturesbegin

Wednesday18thMay

Thursday19th May Friday20th MayCecilquiz1opens

Saturday

MBdue(lect 1&2)

Sunday

MBdue(lect 3)

Monday 23rd May Tuesday24th May Wednesday25thMay

Thursday26th May Friday27th M ay S at ur da y Sunday

closes

Cecilquiz2opens

MBdue(lect 4)

closes

Cecilquiz3opens

MBdue(lect 5)

closes

opens MBdue

(lect 6)MBdue(lect 7)

Monday 30th MayCecilquiz4 Tuesday31

st MayCecilquiz5 Wednesday1

st June Thursday2nd JuneCecilquiz6 Friday3

rd June

Cecilquiz6 Saturday Sundayc oses

Cecilquiz5opens

c oses

MBdue(lect 9)

opens

MBdue(lect 10)

c oses

MB due = Mastering Biology Assignment due 11 pm on

scheduled day.


Teaching Resources: Biochemistry: Energy Metabolism (cont)

- Diabetes Laboratory starting this week

- preparation material for Photosynthesis Laboratory

will be available on Cecil

-copies of material also available from Resource Centre


8/18

LECTURE TOPICS

1. You are what you eat.

2. Brain and brawn - powered by ATP

.

4. The citric acid cycle/tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle/Krebs cycle

5. You just cant get away from electrons!

6. Review and Question Time

7. Glucose: eat it or make it.

8. Blood Glucose Levels During the Fed and Fasting States, Exercise and

9. Conversion of Light Energy to Chemical Energy - Photosynthesis

10. Where do French fries really come from?

11. Review and Question Time

The -omics

Genomics

Proteomics

Metabolomics

Metabolome is a comprehensive profile of an organisms

metabolites

Measurement and analysis of small molecules in an

organism

Likely to result in more rapid development of new

diagnostics, biomarkers and treatments for disease


9/18

Metabolic diseases

Obesity

Diabetes

Hypertension

Heart disease

These diseases result from alterations in either newly

defined or classic metabolic pathways

Cell Metabolism


10/18

Overexpression of the Cytosolic Form of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase

(GTP) in Skeletal Muscle Repatterns Energy Metabolism in the Mouse

Parvin Hakimi, Jianqi Yang, Gemma Casadesus, Duna Massillon, Fatima Tolentino-Silva**, Colleen K. Nye,Marco E. Cabrera**, David R. Hagen, Christopher B. Utter, Yacoub Baghdy, David H. Johnson, David L. Wilson,

John P. Kirwan, Satish C. Kalhan, and Richard W. Hanson1

From the Departments of Biochemistry, Nutrition, **Pediatrics,Neuroscience, and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western

Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935 and the Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology and

Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195


11/18

Lecture 1: You are what you eat

Key Concepts (the big picture):Key Concepts (the big picture):

humans obtain fuel mainly from carbohydrates, fats and proteins

in our diet

digested foods are oxidized to produce energy. We require

oxygen (O2) to completely oxidize foodstuffs to CO2 and H20.

dietar fuel that exceeds the bod s immediate ener needs is

stored mainly as glycogen and fat.

fat, glycogen and protein act as a fuel reserves to provide energy

when we are fasting.

we require enough energy each day to drive the basic functions

of our body and to support physical activity.


12/18

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW!! You should:WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW!! You should:

know the important sources of fuel in the diet

be familiar with the structure of ATP and the importance

of ATP as a short term energy source

Reading:Reading:

For review and clarification of conceptsFor review and clarification of concepts

For onFor on--line testing)line testing)


13/18

The complexity of metabolism

Metabolism: the sum of

all chemical reactions that

Fig 1.1 Energy Flow and chemical recycling in ecosystems


14/18

Fig 1.2 Energy transformations in fuel

metabolism

The electric circuit

Source unknown


15/18

Source unknown

The biological circuit

.

Bioenergetics of

an animal: an

overview


16/18

Hydrolysis of ATP. This figure illustrates (a) the structure of ATP and (b) the hydrolysis

of ATP to yield ADP and inorganic phosphate. In the cell, most hydroxyl groups of

phosphates are ionised (-O-). The sunburst symbol for ATPis widely used.

Membrane protein

P Pi

P i

ADP

+

o u e o u e ranspor e

Vesicle Cytoskeletal track

(a) Transport work: ATP phosphorylatestransport proteins

ATP

(b) Mechanical work: ATP binds noncovalentlyto motor proteins, then is hydrolyzed

Motor proteinProtein moved

ATP


17/18

Fig. 1.5

(a) Endergonic reaction

Glu

NH3

NH2

Glu+

Glutamicacid GlutamineAmmonia

G = +3.4 kcal/mol

Ammonia displacesthe phosphate group,forming glutamine.

P

P

Glu

NH3

NH2

Glui

GluADP+

P

ATP+

+

Glu

ATP phosphorylatesglutamic acid,making the aminoacid less stable.

+2

1

(b) Coupled with ATP hydrolysis, an exergonic reaction

(c) Overall free-energy change

Fig. 1.6 Macronutrient

fuel sources that

supply substrates for

regenerating ATP

From: Exercise Physiology 5th edition. McArdle,

Katch and Katch


18/18

End 2011

biochemistry lect 1 2011 colour 2 slides per page

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