Biochemistry Review

Main Topics

• Organic Compounds• Enzymes• Solution and pH

Solution• Solution- Mixture of two substances where

they cannot be separated– Solvent- What is doing the dissolving(water)– Solute- What is dissolved(sugar)

• Suspension-Mixture of two substances where neither are dissolved(Dirt water)

Water

• 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen• Hydrogen bonds in between molecules• Covalent bonds within

Water continued

• Polar molecule– Distinct positive

and negative end• Surface Tension– Bonds are easy to

break, but many of them are hard to break

• Universal Solvent

pH

• pH scale- Measures acidity and basicity of a solution– 0-6 Acid– 8-14 Base– 7 Neutral

• Buffer-Weak acid or base used to control pH

Basic Biochemistry

• Organic Chemistry– All organic compounds contain carbon(C)!

• Monomers– Building blocks of organic chemistry

• Polymers– Macromolecules

Significant Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates• Lipids• Proteins• Nucleic Acids

Proteins

• C, H, O, N• Building for muscles and used as enzymes• Monomers- Amino Acids• Test- Biuret

Carbohydrates

• Three different forms– Monosaccharide-

Glucose– Disaccharides-Sucrose– Polysaccharides-Starches

• Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

• Sugars• Provide quick energy

How to Test for Carbohydrates

• Iodine– Color change

from Orange to Rusty red

• Benedicts solution– Color change

from a sky blue to purple

Carbohydrates Review Slide

• C, H, O• Quick Energy• Monomers- Monosaccharides• Glycogen• Iodine Test- Polysaccharides

Lipids

• C, H, O• Insulation, Long term energy, improve eyes• Monomers- Fatty Acids and Glycerol• Test- Brown Bag Test

Nucleic Acids

• C, H, O, N, P• Stores genetic material

for living organisms• Monomer- Nucleotides– Phosphate group– Sugar– Nitrogen base

Enzyme Info

• Lower activation energy for reactions to take place

• Substrate specific• Affected by:– pH– Temperature

Enzymes Picture

A. Substrate B. Enzyme C. E.S. Complex D. Enzyme E. Products