Notes on Biochemistry and Enzymes

Name: _____________________

Date: _____________

Biochemistry

• The study of the chemical reactions of living things is called _______________

• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a called an ________________.– Some examples are :

• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and _________________• These elements are the most abundant in living

things.

Inorganic VS. Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds

• Found in living things

• CONTAINS ____________

• Examples include: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids (fats)

Inorganic Compounds• Found in living things

• Does ______ contain carbon

• Examples include: _________ Salts Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide

Why are these exceptions?

Do Now

• Identify ONE organic compound:

• Identify ONE inorganic compound:

Three different types of Organic Compounds

1. ____________________

2. ____________________

3. _____________________

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are __________ and

_____________

They are used as a source of ________________ _______________.

– Contain C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1– For example: ________________ is glucose– Glucose is a _________________________

The building blocks of carbohydrates are _________________ __________________

Monosaccharide and Polysaccharide

Mono=Simple Carbohydrat e

Simple SugarPoly= Complex Carbohydrate

Found in cell walls and the liver of animals

Carbohydrates in Your DietSimple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates in your body...

• Carbohydrates get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.

• Describe what you found out during the lab activity.

http://www.biotopics.co.uk/JmolApplet/jcontentstable.html

Lipids (fats, waxes, and oils)• Mainly a source of ________ __________ energy.

• Contain H, C, and ______ but in no particular ratio. Usually many hydrogen atoms.

• The _____________________ are 3 fatty acids and one glycerol.

• The building blocks of lipids are ___________ ______________

Fats in your body....

• Fats get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.

• Draw a picture of this process. Use the words lipid and fatty acids.

Proteins

• Contain C, H, ____ and Nitrogen• Can be used for adding new

________________ in the body.• Examples of Proteins: Structural proteins,

________________, hormones, and antibodies.

• Building block of proteins are ____________ _______________

Examples of foods that we each that are good sources of proteins:

There are 20 different Amino Acids

Proteins in your body....

• Proteins get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.

• Draw a picture of this process. Use the words protein and amino acids.

Carbohydrates VS Proteins

• Carbohydrates are used for energy whereProteins are used ______________________

Carbohydrates have building blocks called _____________________________, where proteins have 20 building blocks called _______________________________.

????Do you know????

Think about what you have eaten today? What are the proteins? ________________

What are the carbohydrates? ___________________________________

1. What are the building blocks of proteins? _______________________________________

2. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?______________________________

One Very Important Protein

• ________________ regulate the rates of reactions in the cell and body.

• Enzymes are called __________________ because in general they speed up the chemical reactions.

• Enzymes are named after their ________________ they act on.

• Example: __________________ is the enzyme that acts on maltose.

4 Factors Influence Enzyme Action

• 1. How much _____________ is available.• 2. How much ______________ is available.• 3. How high or how low the

_____________________ is.• 4. How high or how low the ________ is.

• All of these factors can be visually demonstrated in graphs.

How does the amount of substrate affect the rate of enzyme action?

How does the amount of enzyme affect the rate of enzyme action?

How Temperature Affect Enzyme Action•Each enzyme has a temperature which its activity is greatest - _________________ temperature•Enzymes are usually damaged above about 45°C(100°F). They become _______________________•The damage is usually permanent.

What is pH?

• http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/ph.html

How pH Affects Enzyme Action•Each enzyme has a specific pH which its activity is greatest - _________________ pH, usually ____, or at neutral•Enzymes are usually damaged in extreme acids or bases. They become _______________________•The damage is usually permanent.

Remember!• Enzymes have not been

‘___________' –

• They become de_________

• Remember they are proteins and are _____ living things

Do Now:

Using a hamburger as an example, explain how enzymes change when they are….

Frozen: ______________________________

Cooked: _____________________________www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=21969&title=Enzyme_Activity

htp://

Some enzymes function at a different optimal pH; Why?

DO Now: Label each X-Axis with one of the following: Enzyme Concentration, Substrate Concentration,

Temperature and pH.

?

Enzyme

Action

Enzyme Action

Enzyme Action

Add a title, Label the X-axisTitle: __________________

Enzyme Action

Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________

Enzyme Action

Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________

Enzyme Action