Biofuel

BYK. Deepak Raj

K. Gautham ReddyAnkit Mittal

WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY?

Increased the demand of energy in developing countries due to fast growing

population, rapid modernization and industrialization.

The reserve will be depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these fossil

fuels, which are largely been imported, has serious implications on economy and

environment.

Scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be finished. So

for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable energy

resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal energy etc

World Energy scenario35%

24%

21%

11%7% 2%1%

OilCoalNatural gasRenewable sourceNuclearHydroOther sources

World Energy Consumption

Fossil Fuel Usage

Biofuels

What is Biofuel? A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy

is derived from biological carbon fixation. Fuel which produced from renewable

biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste. 

Why biofuels?

Why biofuels? To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels To reduce reliance on foreign oil To lower emissions of greenhouse gases To bring business to rural economics

Advantages of biofuels There is no emission of hazardous gases Locally available in every region of the world. Friendly with the environment, so they do not

cause global warming The energy release per unit mass of biofuel

is greater than the energy released from the unit mass of fossil fuels.

Two methods to form biofuel

1. Sugar crops and starch are grown and through process of fermentation, ethanol is produced.

2. Plants are grown naturally to produce oil like algae. Oils are heated to reduce viscosity, then directly used as a fuel for diesel engines

Types of Biofuels

• Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.

First generation Biofuel

• Made from non-edible plant materials.

Second generation Biofuel

• Made from algae and microbes.

Third generation Biofuel

Biodiesel

Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe Produced from oils or fats using trans-

esterification after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hydroxide.

methanol and sodium hyroxUsed for car diesel engiPrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

♫ Used for car diesel enginesoduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide

♫ Used for car diesel engines

Making BiodieselInputs:

Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium

Hydroxide) Water

Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine

World Biodiesel Production

Biodiesel production in Bl, 1991-2010, in the world and main producing countries; Source: INRA estimations from various sources

Application of Biodiesel car diesel engine effective solvent oxygenated fuel

Advantages of biodiesel Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not

contain carcinogens and its sulphur content is also lesser than the mineral diesel.

It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating property

Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle. Domestic resource, Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and

storage; Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon

monoxide emissions.

Blends of biodieselBlends of biodiesel and conventional

hydrocarbon-based diesel are often used and specified in terms of "B" factor to state the amount of biodiesel in any fuel mix.• 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100• 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20• 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5• 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2

Disadvantages of biodiesel

Higher production cost. The resources like corn,soyabean etc

are extensively used for biodiesel leading to increase in demand and inturn increasing the prices of them.

Poor low temperature properties.

CONCLUSIONBiofuel production has lead to :

Power to local community Improving agriculture Rural electrification Job creation