biofuels in argentina · biofuels in argentina d. ravetta 1, d. wassner 2 and a. e. vilela 1...

BioFuels in Argentina

D. Ravetta1, D. Wassner2 and A. E. Vilela1

1CONICET, 2Universidad de Buenos Aires,

Argentina

Friday, November 26, 2010

! Legal framework.

! Economics.

! Production, processing, trends

! Land use changes

! Criteria for developing new alternatives


2010 5%-7% Bio in all Diesel fuel (at 872 u$s/ton) 860 tons for 19 factories, 4 having 45.5% of the share

2011 10% Bio light Diesel (1400 tons aprox.) 20% Bio for agriculture and machinery


Mercados de Biodiesel argentino

en miles de toneladas

1200

725

1150

168

800

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

2007 2008 2009 2010 (*)

Local

Exportacion

Export taxes

Soybean seed: 35%Soybean oil: 32% (at 781 u$s/ton).Biodiesel: 15%


Total cultivated area and area cultivated with soybeans in Argentina. 1961-2006.( Aizen et al 2009)

Procesing capacity:

140,000 tons seed/day. 40 million tons seed/year

2000 tons oil/plant with plants up to 18,000


Harvested area reported by FAO for crops in Argentina. Years mark changes in dominance. Adapted from Aizen et al 2009


15 millon Ha.40 million tons of grain, Processed/refined into 6 million tons of oil

Mathews J. A. and H. Goldsztein. 2009. Capturing latecomer advantages in the adoption of biofuels:The case of Argentina. Energy Policy 37: 326–337.


Consequences of changing the vegetation matrix from a mixed low dry forest to annual crops in the Monte region.

(From Jobbagy et al 2008)


Argentina less than 2000kg/Ha Brazil (Pernambuco) 3500 kg/ha. Drumond et al 2009

Jatropha curcas. NE, Formosa with 1200 mm/yr of precipitation


Jatropha curcas. NE, Formosa

Forst damage July 2008


Jatropha macrocarpa. W, La Rioja


Jatropha macrocarpa. W, La Rioja

Estimated less than 700 kg/Ha Friday, November 26, 2010

Criteria to increase yieldYield= Biomass x H.I.

Resources(water availability)

Biomass

Low Resource Environments

High resource Environments

Defense Structural Regrowth

Storage High Low

Biomass partition

Roots Leaves

Structural and functional

characters

Conservative Acquisitive



Resources(water availability)

Biomass

Harvest Index is increased by selection -Seed production-Oil content



Since in arid lands, Biomass production is intrinsically low or

requires large amounts of inputs (water, fertilizers, etc)

Harvest Index should be the best alternative to increase yield



Starch

Sugar

Cellulose

Low HI:

Sugarcane: 14% sugar

Cassava roots: 6%

Potato: 15 % starch

Corn-seed: 60% starch

Require biomass

Seed-oil Oil has low HI: Max 25% since

Max 50% of seed is oil

Max 50% biomass is seed

Carbon based secondary metabolites

Resin, latex, etc

High energy content

High HI: up to 40% of biomass

Stimulated by aridity

Hay, R.K. 1995. Harvest index: a review of its use in plant breeding and crop physiology

Annals of Applied Biology 126: 197–216 Friday, November 26, 2010

Most species are native to arid environmentsEnvironmental conditions stimulate CBSM production


C:N Hypothesis


Extraction with organic solvents


Catalitic cracking

Value of the resin is $0.45/kg x 6000 kg/HaFriday, November 26, 2010

Localized alternative (low transport costs)

Distant or isolated areas (few or no other sources of energy)

Small farmers

Complement to other activities ( small fraction of workload)

Communal processing (reduce individual costs)

A means to:

generate local energy needs and

to step-up to other more profitable industrial uses

Additional criteria


BIOTECSUR: Priorities for the development of biofuels-bioenergia.

Worshop on 10/1/2010. Ministerio Ciencia y Tecnolgia. Argentina

BIOMASS PRODUCTION Order Group Value

1. Development, adaptation and breeding of tradicional crops

(seed-oils, grains suggarcane, grasses, trees, etc) 6 3,71

2. Prospection, development, adaptation and breeding of non-tradicional crops (included algae)

2 4,35

3. Genetic modification to favor suggar degradation from various

sources. 7 3,59

4. Biotecnology for production of micro and macro algae. 9 3,18

5. Genetic modification of bacteria and fungi for biomass

production. 10 3,00

BioENERGY PRODUCTION/PROCESSING

6. Enzimatic hydrolisis of celulose and lignoceluosa. Bio Prospection and bbreeding.

1 4,53

7. Fermentation to biofuels. Bioprospection and genetic

engeneering of (Ej. E. coli, yeasts, etc.) 3 4,00

8. Biogas. Anaerobic fermentation 10 3,00

9. Biofuels,. Increase sustainabillity thorugh biotechnology. 5 3,76

10. Biorefineries and chemistry for added value to subproducts,

coproducts and residues 8 3,47

11. BioHydrogen through microorganisms. 12 1,71


BIOTECSUR: Priorities for the development of biofuels-bioenergy

Worshop on 10/1/2010. Ministerio Ciencia y Tecnolgia. Argentina

Capacities and Opportunities

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1. (6) Enzimatic hydrolisis of celulose and lignoceluosa. Bio

Prospection and breedin g . 3,57 3,36 2,00 2,40 3,38 4,17 3,18

2. (2) Prospection, development, adaptation and breeding of

non-tradicional crops (included algae ) 2,14 2,50 1,73 2,40 2,63 2,50 3,18

3. (7) Fermentation to biofuels. Bioprospection and genetic

engeneering of (Ej. E. coli, yeasts, e tc ) 3,21 3,14 2,09 2,80 3,25 4,00 3,18

4. (9) Biofuels,. Increase sustainabillity thorugh biotechnolog y 2,79 2,71 2,09 2,20 3,00 4,00 2,82

5. (1) Development, adaptation and breeding of tradicional

crops (seed-oils, grains suggarcane, grasses, trees, e tc ) 3,14 3,57 3,00 3,70 3,88 3,50 3,64

6. (10) Biorefineries and chemistry for added value to

subproducts, coproducts and residues 1,86 1,93 1,91 2,40 2,88 3,50 3,09


Thank You!


biofuels in argentina · biofuels in argentina d. ravetta 1, d. wassner 2 and a. e. vilela 1...

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