biogas as a key in future energy systems

Biogas as a key in future energy systems

Dr. Stefan Rauh; German Biogas Association

www.exportinitiative.bmwi.de

Outline

�German Biogas Association

�Market overview�Market overview

�Political framework in Germany

�Actual trends in Germany – biogas as a key in future energy systems

�Biogas as a partner in bio-energy villages

German Biogas Association - Objectives

� 4,700 members

� Promotion of the biogas sector� Promotion of the biogas sector

� Promotion of a sustainable energy supply

� Lobbying on federal state, federal and EU level in the following fields:� Renewable Energy Act (EEG)

� Environmental law

� Creation of adequate technical rules and standards

� …

Market Overview Germany

End 2010 2011 Forecast 2012 Forecast 2013

Number of plants

(thereof feeding biomethane)5,905 (45) 7,320 (80) 7,589 (95) 7,874 (112)

Biogas Sector Statistics at a Glance

(thereof feeding biomethane)

Installed electric capacity (MW) 2,291 2,997 3,179 3,286Addtitional installed electr. Capacity

– new plants

- repowering

398 MW 706 MW104 MW

78 MW

104 MW

81 MW

Net electricity production in

TWh/a14.82 18.73 21.88 22.63

Supplied

Households (in millions)4.2 5.4 6.3 6.5

Share in electricity consuptiom in

%2.46% 3.09% 3.61 3.73

Turnover (Billion-€) 5.1 7.4 6.5 6.9

Jobs 39,128 58,444 41,324 42,125

Export quota in % 10% 10% 30% 36%

Outline






German Renewable Energy Act (EEG)

� Priority connection of installations for the generation of electricity from renewable energy sourcesfrom renewable energy sources

� Priority purchase and transmission of this electricity

� Consistent fee for this electricity paid by the grid operators, generally for a 20-year period

� Mid and long term planning and investment security

� Participation in added value for local and regional players

� Strong development of RES and cost reduction

All this made the EEG the world’s most efficient

support mechanism for RES!

Development of the Renewable Energy Act

(2000-2012)

• Bonus for manure

• Priority connection

• Consistent fee for 20 years

• 250 new plants a year

EEG 2000EEG 2000

• Bonus for energy crops

• Bonus for using heat


EEG 2004EEG 2004manure

• Bonus for emission reduction

• Bonus for new techniques


EEG 2009EEG 2009

• New system

• New requirements on efficiency and ecology


EEG 2012EEG 2012

Why new system and new requirements?

� Problems EEG 2009:1. Competition to food and feed production resulting of link between energy

crops and manure

2. Criticism on monotonous fields

3. Gas emissions from the storage tank

4. Inefficient operation

� Solution EEG 2012:1. Reduction of feed-in tariffs and proportionate feed-in tariff in accordance with

the energy yield

2. Promotion of new plants and maize cover

3. Hydraulic retention time at least 150 days

4. Minimum heat utilization (35 %)

New Feed-In System EEG 2012

Biogas

Small ManureInstallations

- 0-75 kW - 80 % Manure

Basic Tariff for Biogas

Installations

Input Material Category I

Input Material Category II

BiowasteInstallations

- 90 % Biowaste

Promotion of Direct Marketing of Electricity

Promotion of Direct Marketing of Electricity

� EEG 2012 offers opportunities for additional income� Market bonus

� Flexibility bonus� Flexibility bonus

� Special biogas plants for electricity production according to market need� Storage capacity

� Higher installed capacity

Outline






Future tasks for biogas plants

� Specialization of biogas plants:� Specialized direct marketing: Balancing the fluctuating power

generation from wind und sun

� Combined heat and power supply (year-round warmth concept)

� Gas treatment for injection into the gas grid (power and heat) or fuel usage

� Increased use of residues and by-products in biogas production

Outline






Why a Bioenergy-Village? Why Biogas?

� Sustainable energy production and substitution of fossil energy carrierscarriers

� Reduction of green-house-gas-emissions (by substitution of fossil energy carriers and mineral fertilisers, avoidance of methane emissions digesting manure and biowaste)

� Creating jobs

� Increasing independence and security of energy supply

� Production of organic fertilisers and reduction of mineral fertilisers by closed nutrient cycles (e.g. phosphorus)

Biogas an all-rounder

Biogas as a partner in a bio-energy village

� Using of municipal waste/vegetable residues or manureresidues or manure

� Generating electricity� Electricity for rural regions

� Balancing the production of fluctuating energy production in the village

� Stable grids in the region

� Producing heat� Small-scale system with only a few households

� Ideal combination with local heating networks

Example for a heating system

1600

1800

peak load by wood

chip heating facility

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000

He

at

de

ma

nd

in

kW

Operating hours

thermal capacity

biogas plant

base load

unused capacity

Important aspects for successful projects

� District heating� Annual heat demand

� Peak heat demand

� Seasonal heat demand

� Load duration curve

� Calculation of heat losses� Length of the piping system (< 4 km)

� Insulation of the pipes

� Numbers of heat exchangers

Interesting Alternatives

� Heating stables

� Heating Greenhouses� Heating Greenhouses

� Drying of digestate or sewage sludge

� Drying wood chips for (peak load)

� Drying agricultural products

� ORC systems (=producing electricity from heat)

� Biogas piplines and satellite CHP units (for longer distances)

Example and Conclusion

� 10.000 t rejected vegetables

� 7.500 t waste from vegetable processing� 7.500 t waste from vegetable processing

� 2.000 t food left overs

� 2.000 t green cuttings from privat/public garden

� 20.000 t manure from 1.000 cows

� 500 kW electric power � electricity for 1.000 households

� � heat for 300 housholds

� > 130 bio-energy villages in Germany

One additional question: Water protection?

� Production of substrates� Substrates from energy crops = normal agricultural production

� Production of biogas and storage of digestate� Rising requirements on plant security; e.g. wall around the facility or system to

identify leackages

� Using digestate as fertiliser on cropland� Digestate out of manure or energy crops normally hazard-free

� Digestate out of waste or food residues have to be sanitized by heat

� No problem for the water!

biogas as a key in future energy systems

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