BIOGAS BIOGAS DEVELOPMENTS IN DEVELOPMENTS IN

FINLANDFINLAND

Ari Lampinen Ari Lampinen (lampinen@kaapeli.fi)(lampinen@kaapeli.fi)

Vice chairmanVice chairmanFinnish Biogas AssociationFinnish Biogas Association

http://http://www.biokaasuyhdistys.netwww.biokaasuyhdistys.net//

BALTIC STATES SEMINAR ON BIOENERGY BALTIC STATES SEMINAR ON BIOENERGY Laulasmaa, EstoniaLaulasmaa, Estonia

28 June 200728 June 2007

Renewable energy in Renewable energy in Finland Finland Share of RE of TPES = 24,1 % (in 2006)Share of RE of TPES = 24,1 % (in 2006)

Share of hydropower + industrial wood waste + domestic firewood = 23,4 %Share of hydropower + industrial wood waste + domestic firewood = 23,4 % Share of all other RE = 0,7 %Share of all other RE = 0,7 % Share of biogas = 0,1 % (0,97 PJ)Share of biogas = 0,1 % (0,97 PJ) Government biogas target 2025: 8 fold increase to 8 PJ (0,5 % of TPES)

Biogas potential in FinlandBiogas potential in FinlandSource: Lampinen & Jokinen (2006) Study on energy Source: Lampinen & Jokinen (2006) Study on energy

production potentials in Finnish farms, production potentials in Finnish farms, http://ebooks.jyu.fi/1795_6900/9513924971.pdfhttp://ebooks.jyu.fi/1795_6900/9513924971.pdf

POTENTIAL OF WASTE BASED BIOGAS = 3 % of TPES (current use 3 % of the potential)

POTENTIAL OF ENERGY CROP BASED BIOGAS ( / Mha) = 7 % of TPES (current use 0 % of the potential)

Current biogas use 1 % of total potential

Biogas plants in FinlandBiogas plants in FinlandSource: Biogas plant register 2005 by Finnish Biogas Source: Biogas plant register 2005 by Finnish Biogas

Association and University of Joensuu, available at Association and University of Joensuu, available at http://http://www.biokaasuyhdistys.netwww.biokaasuyhdistys.net//

Amount of plants (and diffusion)Amount of plants (and diffusion) Landfill gas plants: 33 (diffusion 100 % in Landfill gas plants: 33 (diffusion 100 % in

active landfills, 0 % in old landfills)active landfills, 0 % in old landfills) Municipal wastewater treatment plants: Municipal wastewater treatment plants:

15 (3.6 % of 416 municipalities)15 (3.6 % of 416 municipalities) Farm plants: 7 (0.01 % of 70000 farms)Farm plants: 7 (0.01 % of 70000 farms) Industrial wastewater treatment plants: Industrial wastewater treatment plants:

3 (< 1 %)3 (< 1 %) Co-digestion plants: 4Co-digestion plants: 4 TOTAL: 61 TOTAL: 61

EU Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC)

Finnish governmentDecision on landfills (861/1997)

Finnish waste managementLaw (1072/1993)

TRAFFIC 19 MWhTRAFFIC FUEL PRODUCTION STARTED

The extent of waste at The extent of waste at Ämmässuo landfillÄmmässuo landfill

Total production 63.9 MmTotal production 63.9 Mm3 3 biogas = 32.6 biogas = 32.6 MmMm33 methane = 100 million bus km = methane = 100 million bus km = fuel for 1000 busesfuel for 1000 buses

Flared 27.9 MmFlared 27.9 Mm33 biogas = 14.2 Mm biogas = 14.2 Mm33 methane = 43 million bus km = fuel for methane = 43 million bus km = fuel for 430 buses = 140 % of Helsinki city bus 430 buses = 140 % of Helsinki city bus fuel needsfuel needs

Not used in buses or waste trucks, not Not used in buses or waste trucks, not even in the existing fleet of over 70 even in the existing fleet of over 70 methane buses (that use natural gas methane buses (that use natural gas pipelined from Siberia) pipelined from Siberia)

Efficient use of energy and Efficient use of energy and exergy of wastes at Kalmari exergy of wastes at Kalmari

farmfarm

Co-digestion of cattle dung, Co-digestion of cattle dung, agricultural waste, kitchen waste, agricultural waste, kitchen waste, industrial waste and energy crops industrial waste and energy crops Article of the farm: Refocus 5/2004, available at ScienceDirect and

http://www.kaapeli.fi/~tep/projektit/liikenteen_biopolttoaineet/Refocus_biogas.pdf

Kalmari farm …Kalmari farm … Co-production of electricity, heat, traffic fuels Co-production of electricity, heat, traffic fuels

and fertilizers (polygeneration, biorefinary)and fertilizers (polygeneration, biorefinary) Payback time a few years without subsidiesPayback time a few years without subsidies

Micro-CHP: 30 kWe + 60 kWt(modified Valtra tractor engine) Vehicle refueling

facility

Priorities in FinlandPriorities in FinlandCurrent policy based on Current policy based on

interests of interests of government government companies:companies:

A) Composting A) Composting preferable biowaste preferable biowaste management management technology technology (losing energy (losing energy content of the waste + losing content of the waste + losing energy and nutrients in the energy and nutrients in the process)process)

B) Biogas usage B) Biogas usage priorities:priorities:

1.1. FlaringFlaring2.2. Heat onlyHeat only3.3. Electricity + heat Electricity + heat

(CHP)(CHP)4.4. TrafficTraffic

Policy based on Policy based on environmental and environmental and economical economical considerations:considerations:

A) Anaerobic digestion A) Anaerobic digestion preferable biowaste preferable biowaste management technologymanagement technology

B) Biogas usage priorities:B) Biogas usage priorities:

1.1. TrafficTraffic

2.2. Electricity + heat (CHP)Electricity + heat (CHP)

3.3. Heat onlyHeat only

4.4. FlaringFlaring

COCO22 emissions in the EU emissions in the EU

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1985 1990 1995 2000

CO2

Emissions /106tn

Electricity & HeatProduction

Transport

Household &Commerce

Industry

Energy Branch

Source of Data:Eurostat 2000; 2002

Petri Tapio/TuKKK

Waste based biogas has the lowest Waste based biogas has the lowest lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions of

all traffic biofuels, incl. all the so all traffic biofuels, incl. all the so called 2nd generation biofuelscalled 2nd generation biofuels

COCO22 emissions: One Toyota emissions: One Toyota Prius hybrid emits as much as Prius hybrid emits as much as

10 large biogas Volvos10 large biogas Volvos

www.gronabilister.se

Source: German Ministry of Agriculture

Biogas traffic use potential Biogas traffic use potential in EU15 in EU15

Source: Lampinen et al (2004) Source: Lampinen et al (2004) http://www.kaapeli.fi/~tep/projektit/liikenteen_biopolttohttp://www.kaapeli.fi/~tep/projektit/liikenteen_biopoltto

aineet/Traffic_biogas_potential.pdfaineet/Traffic_biogas_potential.pdfTable 5. Amount of cars that could be powered by biogas from Table 5. Amount of cars that could be powered by biogas from

BMW, SS and agricultural waste in the EU-15.BMW, SS and agricultural waste in the EU-15.

Source of biogasSource of biogas Amount of carsAmount of cars

Biodegradable municipal solid Biodegradable municipal solid wastewaste

5.2 million5.2 million

Sewage sludgeSewage sludge 0.8 million0.8 million

Agricultural wasteAgricultural waste 28 million28 million

TOTALTOTAL 34 million*34 million*

ConclusionsConclusions Large (100-fold) potential to increase biogas productionLarge (100-fold) potential to increase biogas production Main success landfills due to environmental legislationMain success landfills due to environmental legislation Very low diffusion of biogas technology in all other Very low diffusion of biogas technology in all other

sectors, where legislation does not favour the biogas sectors, where legislation does not favour the biogas option option New EU waste directive, draft COM(2005)667, enables New EU waste directive, draft COM(2005)667, enables

changes in this aspect; a proposal in Finnish is available at changes in this aspect; a proposal in Finnish is available at http://www.kaapeli.fi/~tep/projektit/ilmastonmuutos/Jatelaki_aloite_TEP150607.pdfhttp://www.kaapeli.fi/~tep/projektit/ilmastonmuutos/Jatelaki_aloite_TEP150607.pdf

Most advanced technology available from Finland (BAT Most advanced technology available from Finland (BAT and BEP for dissemination to other countries) = farm and BEP for dissemination to other countries) = farm scale polygeneration of traffic fuels, electricity, heat and scale polygeneration of traffic fuels, electricity, heat and fertilizersfertilizers Also possible as Kyoto JI projects like the Paldiski/Pakri 18.4 Also possible as Kyoto JI projects like the Paldiski/Pakri 18.4

MW wind farm: MW wind farm: http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=136900&lan=encontentid=136900&lan=en

Thank You!Thank You!

Author with his biogas car, one of only 7 biogas vehicles in Finland