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Biography of Imam Abū Ḥanīfa

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In the name of allah the most gracious the most merciful

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Name & Birth

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Name:

Nuʿmān ibn Thābit ibn Zuṭā ibn Marzubān(radiallahu anhu)

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Birth

699 — 765 CE (common era)80 — 148 AH (after hijrah)

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Birth

He was the founder of the Sunni Hanafi school of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).

Abu Hanifa was also one of the Tabi‘un*, the generation after the Sahaba (companions), because he saw the Sahabi Anas ibn Malik, and transmitted hadiths from him and other Sahaba.

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Tabi‘un

e Tabi’un are the generation of Muslims who were born after the death of Muhammad but who were contemporary of the Sahaba "Companions".

As such they played an important part in the development of Islamic thought and philosophy, and in the political development of the early Caliphate. In particular, they played a vital role in the split in the Islamic community between Sunni and Shia Muslims.

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Name:

Born in Kufa, Iraq

During the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik (Abdul Malik bin Marwan)

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AfghanistanSyria

Egypt

Saudi arabia

IranIraq

Turkey

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Kufa

Iraq

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Early life and education

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He was a successful businessman.

He set up a silk weaving business where he showed scrupulous honesty and fairness

Early life

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Early on he had no interest nor the opportunity to acquire any education in his early childhood.

Early life

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But soon he began to take an interest in education which was heightened further by the unexpected advice of as-Sha'bi (d. 722), one of Kufa's most well-known scholars.

Early life

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He happened to pass the home of as-Sha'bi.

Sha'bi, mistaking him for a student, asked him whose classes he attended

Education

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When Abu Hanifa responded that he did not attend any classes,

Sha'bi said...

Education

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“I see signs of intelligence in you..”

Education

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Abu Hanifa embarked on a prolific quest for knowledge that would in due course have a profound impact on the history of Islam.

Education

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His early education was achieved through madāris and it is here that he learned the Qur'an and Hadith, doing exceptionally well in his studies

Education

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Abu Hanifa was one of the distinguished students of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (The Truthful was also Muhammad's grandson)

Education

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Imam Ja'far had opened a university that not only taught religion, but the sciences and math

Education

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The Islamic alchemist*, Geber*, also studied at the Imams' university

Education

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Geber

Geber is the Latinized form of "Jabir", with the full name of Abu Musa Jābir ibn Hayyān

(born c. 721 in Tus, Iran–died c. 815 in Kufa)...

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Geber

A prominent polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geologist, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician.

He is considered by many to be the "father of chemistry.” His ethnic background is not clear, although some sources state that he was an Arab, other sources introduce him as Persian Geber or Jabir is held to be the first practical alchemist.

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15th-century European portrait of "Geber", Codici Ashburnhamiani 1166, Biblioteca

Medicea Laurenziana, Florence

This is a faithful photographic reproduction of an original two-dimensional work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:

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Alchemy

Alchemy (Arabic: al-khimia) which means "the art of transformation" is both a philosophy and a practice with an aim of achieving ultimate wisdom as well as immortality, involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of several substances described as possessing unusual properties.

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Alchemist

e practical aspect of alchemy generated the basics of modern inorganic chemistry, namely concerning procedures, equipment and the identification and use of many current substances.

e fundamental ideas of alchemy are said to have arisen in the ancient Persian Empire.[1] Alchemy has been practiced in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia (today's Iran), India, China, Japan, and Korea in Classical Greece and Rome, in the Muslim civilizations, and then in Europe up to the 20th century—in a complex network of schools and philosophical systems spanning at least 2500 years.

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"Renel the Alchemist", by Sir William Douglas, 1853

This is a faithful photographic reproduction of an original two-dimensional work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason:

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Abu Hanifa’s initial chain of knowledge was with Muhammad al-Baqir and he subsequently expanded this chain of knowledge with Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq.

Education

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Adulthood and death

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In 763, al-Mansur, the Abbasid monarch offered Abu Hanifa the post of “Chief Judge of the State”(Qadi Al-Qadat)

Chief Judge of the State

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..but he declined to accept the offer, choosing to remain independent.

Chief Judge of the State

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His student Abu Yusuf was appointed Chief Judge of the State of al-Mansur regime instead of himself.

Chief Judge of the State

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Abu Hanifa excused himself by saying that he did not regard himself fit for the post.

Chief Judge of the State

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Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post, lost his temper and accused Abu Hanifa of lying.

Chief Judge of the State

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“If I am lying,” - Abu Hanifa said,

Chief Judge of the State

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“then my statement is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a Chief Qadi (Judge)?”

Chief Judge of the State

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Incensed by this reply, the ruler had Abu Hanifa arrested, locked in prison and tortured.

Prison

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In 767, Abu Hanifa died in prison.

Prison

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It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times.

Prison

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Later, after many years, a mosque, the Abu Hanifa Mosque in the Adhamiyah neighborhood of Baghdad, was built in honor of him

Prison

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Abu Hanifa Mosque

Public Domain License

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Wallahu ‘alam

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More slides on islamat http://syukran.org

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